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Multilingual information management : current levels and future abilities. A report Commissioned by the US National Science Foundation and also delivered to the European Commission's Language Engineering Office and the US Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, April 1999 (1999)
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- Abstract
- Over the past 50 years, a variety of language-related capabilities has been developed in machine translation, information retrieval, speech recognition, text summarization, and so on. These applications rest upon a set of core techniques such as language modeling, information extraction, parsing, generation, and multimedia planning and integration; and they involve methods using statistics, rules, grammars, lexicons, ontologies, training techniques, and so on. It is a puzzling fact that although all of this work deals with language in some form or other, the major applications have each developed a separate research field. For example, there is no reason why speech recognition techniques involving n-grams and hidden Markov models could not have been used in machine translation 15 years earlier than they were, or why some of the lexical and semantic insights from the subarea called Computational Linguistics are still not used in information retrieval.
This picture will rapidly change. The twin challenges of massive information overload via the web and ubiquitous computers present us with an unavoidable task: developing techniques to handle multilingual and multi-modal information robustly and efficiently, with as high quality performance as possible. The most effective way for us to address such a mammoth task, and to ensure that our various techniques and applications fit together, is to start talking across the artificial research boundaries. Extending the current technologies will require integrating the various capabilities into multi-functional and multi-lingual natural language systems. However, at this time there is no clear vision of how these technologies could or should be assembled into a coherent framework. What would be involved in connecting a speech recognition system to an information retrieval engine, and then using machine translation and summarization software to process the retrieved text? How can traditional parsing and generation be enhanced with statistical techniques? What would be the effect of carefully crafted lexicons on traditional information retrieval? At which points should machine translation be interleaved within information retrieval systems to enable multilingual processing?
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Nicholson, D.: Cataloguing the Internet : CATRIONA feasibility study (1995)
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- Abstract
- The aim of the CATRIONA (Cataloguing and Retrieval of Information over Networks Applications) feasibility study was to investigate the technical, organizational and financial requirements for the development of applications software and procedures to enable the cataloguing, calssification and retrieval of documents and other resources over networks such as the Internet. The CATRIONA feasibility study demonstrated that the idea of a distributed catalogue of Internet resources integrated with standard Z39.50 library system OPAC interfaces is already a practical proposition at its most basic level. Proposes that the next step should be a distributed CATRIONA demonstrator project, based on the Scottish University and Research Libraries (SCURL) group of libraries cooperating to catalogue local electronic resources and selected areas of BUBL Subject Trees, but also sufficiently 'open' to encompass other sites, projects and approaches
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Hammwöhner, R.; Kuhlen, R.: Semantic control of open hypertext systems by typed objects (1993)
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- Abstract
- The C(K)onstance Hypertext system (KHS) is an elaborated example of an open hypertext system. Open hypertext systems combine heterogeneous resources and different hypertext applications such as email, text and image hypertexts with access to online data bases or other information resources. These hypertexts, to which heterogeneous users have access, grow steadily in size. This paper takes an object-oriented approach and proposes a rigorous typing of hypertext objexts to overcome the problems of open hypertext. The advantage of this typing is shown an an e-mail hypertext as a special application of the KHS system. KHS is written in Smalltalk and is being developed an UNIX-machines.
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Hoffos, S.: Multimedia and the interactive display in museums, exhibitions and libraries (1992)
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- Abstract
- A 2 part report combining an introduction to multimedia technology with examples of its application. The first part addresses fundamental concepts and technical issues to explain how interactive multimedia systems work, and introduces platforms including optical discs, interactive videodiscs, CD-ROM (and its derivatives), digital video interactive, holograms, and high resolution television. The second part describes over 30 projects at 26 sites, with first hand observation, comments and advice. Includes brief descriptions of many more applications and listings of sited worldwide, plus sources of further information
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Crawford, J.C.; Thorn, L.C.; Powles, J.A.: ¬A survey of subject access to academic library catalogues in Great Britain : a report to the British Library Research and Development Department (1992)
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- Abstract
- The study of subject access to UK academic library catalogues was based on a questionnaires end out during Summer 1991. 86 out of a possible 110 questionnaires were returned. All universities and polytechniques now have OPACs which are progressing well towards comprehensive bibliographical coverage of their libraries' stocks. The MARC format is now widely used. Subject access strategies are usually based on either Library of Congress Subject Headings or inhouse indexing systems but almost half the OPACs studies have no separate subject searching option based on subject indexing is expensive and future subject indexing strategies are best based on pre-existing controlled vocabularies. Strategies authority control is essential. A limited range of software strategies is recommended including the need to limit search results
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Criteria for the evaluation of terminology management software (1996)
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-
SARA (SGML Aware Retrieval Application) Workshop, 19th June 1994 (1994)
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- Abstract
- Summarizes the workshop, held in Oxford, 19th Jun 94, to launch SARA, the SGML Aware Retrieval Application, a sophisticated searching and retrieval software product development as part of the British National Corpus (BNC) project to allow rapid and sophisticated analysis of the BNC and other text materials encoded using SGML, and to allow the academic community access to BNC as easily as possible. The British National Corpus is a 3 year project to build a 100 million word corpus of contemporary (mostly post 1974) spoken and written English, taken from a range of sources, including fiction and non fiction books, academic periodicals, unpublished materials, radio broadcasts, and transcriptions of spoken conversations. The entire tagged corpus is due to be released in 1994 and is expected to be used for purposes such as: reference book publishing; linguistic research; and the development of systems for natural langugae processing and artificial intelligence
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Wood, F.: Information skills for student centred learning : a computer-assisted learning approach (1997)
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- Abstract
- Reports a study of undergraduate students' use of computer-based information retrieval services in relation to their cognitive and learning styles. Includes a survey of staff at Sheffield University, UK on their use of computer databases and the extend to which undergraduates are made aware of these services. Results show that undergraduate use is low and varies greatly between students of differnt faculties. Student searching behaviour was found to be basic and their performance inadequate. Significant correlation's between cognitive and learning styles and search behaviour were found. Computer-assisted learning (CAL) packages were developed and customised for 3 departments. Guidelines were drawn up based on the project's findings for introducing a computerised information sources programme into the undergraduate curriculum and preparing CAL teaching packages on information skills
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Ward, S.: Networked CD-ROMs as academic information sources : the growth of networked electronic information sources in academic libraries (1993)
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- Abstract
- Examines the place of CD-ROMs in academic libraries and in particular the use of network solutions to widen the access to these services. A questionnaire survey was undertaken of academic libraries in the UK, Eire, USA and Canada and the results analysed. 9 UK libraries were selected as case studies for more detailed examinations of the issues involved: in particular the management issues. These case studies were selected to cover a variety of experiences and circumstances. A parallel survey looked at CD-ROM publishing and a questionnaire survey was sent to publishers but the response was not as good as the previous survey. Trends in CD-ROM publishing, including the future of CD-ROM in the views of the publishers and of librarians, suggest that other electronic media may replace CD-ROM for some applications but that CD-ROM is likely to remain a part of hybrid information systems. The networking of CD-ROM services is constrained by the cost, by technical complexity, and by restrictive licensing agreements. Future electronic information services may include regionally or nationally mounted databases accessible over the Internet or over SuperJanet in the UK. Issues such as the electronic library or the virtual library, and document delivery services are likely to gain prominence
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Feldman, T.: Multimedia (1994)
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- Abstract
- Defines multimedia. Discusses the electronic information industry. Describes the technology of multimedia and its applications in education and training, business and professional areas, entertainment and leisure and publishing bookselling and libraries. Discusses future developments
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Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: ¬The use of hypertext in libraries in the United Kingdom (1994)
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- Abstract
- State of the art review of hypertext systems in use in UK libraries. Systems include public access point of information (POI) systems that provide guidance to users of local resources, and networked document retrieval systems, such as WWW, that enable users to access texts stored on machines linked by the Internet. Particular emphasis is placed on those systems that are produced inhouse by the libraries in which they are used. The review is based on a series of telephone or face to face interviews conducted with representatives of those organizations that a literature review and mailed questionnaire survey identified as current users of hypertext. Considers issues relating to system development and usability, and presents a set of appropriate guidelines for the designers of future systems. Concludes that: the principle application of hypertext systems in UK libraries is in the implementation of POI systems; that such development is most advanced in the academic sector; and that such development is set to increase in tandem with use of the WWW
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Robinson, B.: Electronic document handling using SGML (1994)
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- Abstract
- Briefly describes the final status of the project, which investigated the application of SGML to the production of hypertext information systems
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Rickman, R.M.; Stonham, T.J.: Image database retrieval using neural networks (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reports a study of the application of neural networks to the automatic subject indexing of images and to image database management systems (IDBMS)
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Twidale, M.: Collaboration in physical and digital libraries (1997)
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- Abstract
- The aim of the project was to gain a better understanding of the nature of collaboration in the information searching process, and to consider how information systems design could better address and support collaboration activity. Objectives were: to undertake a small scale study of the nature of collaborative activity in the process of searching for information; examine how the transition to increasingly digital libraries will affect the nature of this collaboration; and to make recommendations for enhancing the beneficial effects of collaborative searching with existing technology and for influencing the development of library systems that actively support social activities
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Freigang, K.-H.; Mayer, F.; Schmitz, K.-D.: Micro- and minicomputer-based terminology databases in Europe (1991)
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- Abstract
- In the present study, the terminology management systems offered on the European market at the end of 1990 are described
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Koch, T.; Ardö, A.; Brümmer, A.: ¬The building and maintenance of robot based internet search services : A review of current indexing and data collection methods. Prepared to meet the requirements of Work Package 3 of EU Telematics for Research, project DESIRE. Version D3.11v0.3 (Draft version 3) (1996)
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- Abstract
- After a short outline of problems, possibilities and difficulties of systematic information retrieval on the Internet and a description of efforts for development in this area, a specification of the terminology for this report is required. Although the process of retrieval is generally seen as an iterative process of browsing and information retrieval and several important services on the net have taken this fact into consideration, the emphasis of this report lays on the general retrieval tools for the whole of Internet. In order to be able to evaluate the differences, possibilities and restrictions of the different services it is necessary to begin with organizing the existing varieties in a typological/ taxonomical survey. The possibilities and weaknesses will be briefly compared and described for the most important services in the categories robot-based WWW-catalogues of different types, list- or form-based catalogues and simultaneous or collected search services respectively. It will however for different reasons not be possible to rank them in order of "best" services. Still more important are the weaknesses and problems common for all attempts of indexing the Internet. The problems of the quality of the input, the technical performance and the general problem of indexing virtual hypertext are shown to be at least as difficult as the different aspects of harvesting, indexing and information retrieval. Some of the attempts made in the area of further development of retrieval services will be mentioned in relation to descriptions of the contents of documents and standardization efforts. Internet harvesting and indexing technology and retrieval software is thoroughly reviewed. Details about all services and software are listed in analytical forms in Annex 1-3.
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Sweeney, R.: Standard book subject categories for EDI (1994)
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- Abstract
- Reports the results of an investigation into existing systems of subject categories at present in use in the bibliographic community. Makes recommendations for establishing a standard set of book subject categories for Electronic Data Interchange
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Wu, G.; Robinson, B.: SGML support for secure document systems (1994)
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- Abstract
- Presents a thorough background to the key issues in document security and a detailed discussion of the Secure SGML Document System (SSDS), involving the use of SGML. Defines a document processing regime, suitable for both military and commercial environments, which allows secure multilevel access to collections of SGML documents
-
Networked information in an international context (1996)
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- Abstract
- A conference organized by UK Office of Library and Information Networking (UKOLN) in association with the British Library, the Coalition for Networked Information (CNI), and the Joint Information Systems Committee of the Higher Education Funding Councils of England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland (JISC) held 9-10 Feb 96, Heathrow, UK
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Nake, F.; Heinze, D.; Oeltjen, W.: Tagungsbände als Hypertext? : eine software-ergonomische Beurteilung zweier Hypertexte aus der Sicht von Lesenden (1990)
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