Search (42 results, page 1 of 3)

0.034357257 = product of:
  0.15460765 = sum of:
    0.11745234 = weight(_text_:applications in 3247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.11745234 = score(doc=3247,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17247584 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.6809785 = fieldWeight in 3247, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3247)
    0.037155323 = product of:
      0.074310645 = sum of:
        0.074310645 = weight(_text_:22 in 3247) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.074310645 = score(doc=3247,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.5416616 = fieldWeight in 3247, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3247)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Object

DDC-22

0.021079805 = product of:
  0.06323941 = sum of:
    0.029661193 = weight(_text_:applications in 468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.029661193 = score(doc=468,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.17247584 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.17197303 = fieldWeight in 468, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=468)
    0.015876798 = weight(_text_:of in 468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.015876798 = score(doc=468,freq=72.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.25915858 = fieldWeight in 468, product of:
          8.485281 = tf(freq=72.0), with freq of:
            72.0 = termFreq=72.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=468)
    0.017701415 = weight(_text_:systems in 468) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017701415 = score(doc=468,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.14702557 = fieldWeight in 468, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=468)
  0.33333334 = coord(3/9)

Abstract

The development of the Semantic Web, with machine-readable content, has the potential to revolutionise the World Wide Web and its use. A Semantic Web Primer provides an introduction and guide to this emerging field, describing its key ideas, languages and technologies. Suitable for use as a textbook or for self-study by professionals, it concentrates on undergraduate-level fundamental concepts and techniques that will enable readers to proceed with building applications on their own. It includes exercises, project descriptions and annotated references to relevant online materials. A Semantic Web Primer is the only available book on the Semantic Web to include a systematic treatment of the different languages (XML, RDF, OWL and rules) and technologies (explicit metadata, ontologies and logic and interference) that are central to Semantic Web development. The book also examines such crucial related topics as ontology engineering and application scenarios. After an introductory chapter, topics covered in succeeding chapters include XML and related technologies that support semantic interoperability; RDF and RDF Schema, the standard data model for machine-processable semantics; and OWL, the W3C-approved standard for a Web ontology language more extensive than RDF Schema; rules, both monotonic and nonmonotonic, in the framework of the Semantic Web; selected application domains and how the Semantic Web would benefit them; the development of ontology-based systems; and current debates on key issues and predictions for the future.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.8, S.1132-1133 (H. Che): "The World Wide Web has been the main source of an important shift in the way people communicate with each other, get information, and conduct business. However, most of the current Web content is only suitable for human consumption. The main obstacle to providing better quality of service is that the meaning of Web content is not machine-accessible. The "Semantic Web" is envisioned by Tim Berners-Lee as a logical extension to the current Web that enables explicit representations of term meaning. It aims to bring the Web to its full potential via the exploration of these machine-processable metadata. To fulfill this, it pros ides some meta languages like RDF, OWL, DAML+OIL, and SHOE for expressing knowledge that has clear, unambiguous meanings. The first steps in searing the Semantic Web into the current Web are successfully underway. In the forthcoming years, these efforts still remain highly focused in the research and development community. In the next phase, the Semantic Web will respond more intelligently to user queries. The first chapter gets started with an excellent introduction to the Semantic Web vision. At first, today's Web is introduced, and problems with some current applications like search engines are also covered. Subsequently, knowledge management. business-to-consumer electronic commerce, business-to-business electronic commerce, and personal agents are used as examples to show the potential requirements for the Semantic Web. Next comes the brief description of the underpinning technologies, including metadata, ontology, logic, and agent. The differences between the Semantic Web and Artificial Intelligence are also discussed in a later subsection. In section 1.4, the famous "laser-cake" diagram is given to show a layered view of the Semantic Web. From chapter 2, the book starts addressing some of the most important technologies for constructing the Semantic Web. In chapter 2, the authors discuss XML and its related technologies such as namespaces, XPath, and XSLT. XML is a simple, very flexible text format which is often used for the exchange of a wide variety of data on the Web and elsewhere. The W3C has defined various languages on top of XML, such as RDF. Although this chapter is very well planned and written, many details are not included because of the extensiveness of the XML technologies. Many other books on XML provide more comprehensive coverage.
The next chapter introduces resource description framework (RDF) and RDF schema (RDFS). Unlike XML, RDF provides a foundation for expressing the semantics of dada: it is a standard dada model for machine-processable semantics. Resource description framework schema offers a number of modeling primitives for organizing RDF vocabularies in typed hierarchies. In addition to RDF and RDFS, a query language for RDF, i.e. RQL. is introduced. This chapter and the next chapter are two of the most important chapters in the book. Chapter 4 presents another language called Web Ontology Language (OWL). Because RDFS is quite primitive as a modeling language for the Web, more powerful languages are needed. A richer language. DAML+OIL, is thus proposed as a joint endeavor of the United States and Europe. OWL takes DAML+OIL as the starting point, and aims to be the standardized and broadly accepted ontology language. At the beginning of the chapter, the nontrivial relation with RDF/RDFS is discussed. Then the authors describe the various language elements of OWL in some detail. Moreover, Appendix A contains an abstract OWL syntax. which compresses OWL and makes OWL much easier to read. Chapter 5 covers both monotonic and nonmonotonic rules. Whereas the previous chapter's mainly concentrate on specializations of knowledge representation, this chapter depicts the foundation of knowledge representation and inference. Two examples are also givwn to explain monotonic and non-monotonic rules, respectively. "To get the most out of the chapter. readers had better gain a thorough understanding of predicate logic first. Chapter 6 presents several realistic application scenarios to which the Semantic Web technology can be applied. including horizontal information products at Elsevier, data integration at Audi, skill finding at Swiss Life, a think tank portal at EnerSearch, e-learning. Web services, multimedia collection indexing, online procurement, raid device interoperability. These case studies give us some real feelings about the Semantic Web.
The chapter on ontology engineering describes the development of ontology-based systems for the Web using manual and semiautomatic methods. Ontology is a concept similar to taxonomy. As stated in the introduction, ontology engineering deals with some of the methodological issues that arise when building ontologies, in particular, con-structing ontologies manually, reusing existing ontologies. and using semiautomatic methods. A medium-scale project is included at the end of the chapter. Overall the book is a nice introduction to the key components of the Semantic Web. The reading is quite pleasant, in part due to the concise layout that allows just enough content per page to facilitate readers' comprehension. Furthermore, the book provides a large number of examples, code snippets, exercises, and annotated online materials. Thus, it is very suitable for use as a textbook for undergraduates and low-grade graduates, as the authors say in the preface. However, I believe that not only students but also professionals in both academia and iudustry will benefit from the book. The authors also built an accompanying Web site for the book at http://www.semanticwebprimer.org. On the main page, there are eight tabs for each of the eight chapters. For each tabm the following sections are included: overview, example, presentations, problems and quizzes, errata, and links. These contents will greatly facilitate readers: for example, readers can open the listed links to further their readings. The vacancy of the errata sections also proves the quality of the book."

Series

Cooperative information systems

0.0178137 = product of:
  0.080161646 = sum of:
    0.04745791 = weight(_text_:applications in 679) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.04745791 = score(doc=679,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.17247584 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.27515686 = fieldWeight in 679, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=679)
    0.03270373 = weight(_text_:systems in 679) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.03270373 = score(doc=679,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.2716328 = fieldWeight in 679, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=679)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

LCSH

Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)
Information Systems and Communication Service / Models and Principles

Subject

Information Systems Applications (incl.Internet)
Information Systems and Communication Service / Models and Principles

0.0167762 = product of:
  0.050328597 = sum of:
    0.016778905 = weight(_text_:applications in 2824) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.016778905 = score(doc=2824,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.17247584 = queryWeight, product of:
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.09728264 = fieldWeight in 2824, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          4.4025097 = idf(docFreq=1471, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2824)
    0.01719783 = weight(_text_:of in 2824) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.01719783 = score(doc=2824,freq=132.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.28072193 = fieldWeight in 2824, product of:
          11.489125 = tf(freq=132.0), with freq of:
            132.0 = termFreq=132.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2824)
    0.016351866 = weight(_text_:systems in 2824) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.016351866 = score(doc=2824,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.1358164 = fieldWeight in 2824, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2824)
  0.33333334 = coord(3/9)

Abstract

Classification is a crucial skill for all information workers involved in organizing collections, but it is a difficult concept to grasp - and is even more difficult to put into practice. Essential Classification offers full guidance an how to go about classifying a document from scratch. This much-needed text leads the novice classifier step by step through the basics of subject cataloguing, with an emphasis an practical document analysis and classification. It deals with fundamental questions of the purpose of classification in different situations, and the needs and expectations of end users. The novice is introduced to the ways in which document content can be assessed, and how this can best be expressed for translation into the language of specific indexing and classification systems. The characteristics of the major general schemes of classification are discussed, together with their suitability for different classification needs.

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 32(2005) no.1, S.47-49 (M. Hudon): "Vanda Broughton's Essential Classification is the most recent addition to a very small set of classification textbooks published over the past few years. The book's 21 chapters are based very closely an the cataloguing and classification module at the School of Library, Archive, and Information studies at University College, London. The author's main objective is clear: this is "first and foremost a book about how to classify. The emphasis throughout is an the activity of classification rather than the theory, the practical problems of the organization of collections, and the needs of the users" (p. 1). This is not a theoretical work, but a basic course in classification and classification scheme application. For this reviewer, who also teaches "Classification 101," this is also a fascinating peek into how a colleague organizes content and structures her course. "Classification is everywhere" (p. 1): the first sentence of this book is also one of the first statements in my own course, and Professor Broughton's metaphors - the supermarket, canned peas, flowers, etc. - are those that are used by our colleagues around the world. The combination of tone, writing style and content display are reader-friendly; they are in fact what make this book remarkable and what distinguishes it from more "formal" textbooks, such as The Organization of Information, the superb text written and recently updated (2004) by Professor Arlene Taylor (2nd ed. Westport, Conn.: Libraries Unlimited, 2004). Reading Essential Classification, at times, feels like being in a classroom, facing a teacher who assures you that "you don't need to worry about this at this stage" (p. 104), and reassures you that, although you now speed a long time looking for things, "you will soon speed up when you get to know the scheme better" (p. 137). This teacher uses redundancy in a productive fashion, and she is not afraid to express her own opinions ("I think that if these concepts are helpful they may be used" (p. 245); "It's annoying that LCC doesn't provide clearer instructions, but if you keep your head and take them one step at a time [i.e. the tables] they're fairly straightforward" (p. 174)). Chapters 1 to 7 present the essential theoretical concepts relating to knowledge organization and to bibliographic classification. The author is adept at making and explaining distinctions: known-item retrieval versus subject retrieval, personal versus public/shared/official classification systems, scientific versus folk classification systems, object versus aspect classification systems, semantic versus syntactic relationships, and so on. Chapters 8 and 9 discuss the practice of classification, through content analysis and subject description. A short discussion of difficult subjects, namely the treatment of unique concepts (persons, places, etc.) as subjects seems a little advanced for a beginners' class.
In Chapter 10, "Controlled indexing languages," Professor Broughton states that a classification scheme is truly a language "since it permits communication and the exchange of information" (p. 89), a Statement with which this reviewer wholly agrees. Chapter 11, however, "Word-based approaches to retrieval," moves us to a different field altogether, offering only a narrow view of the whole world of controlled indexing languages such as thesauri, and presenting disconnected discussions of alphabetical filing, form and structure of subject headings, modern developments in alphabetical subject indexing, etc. Chapters 12 and 13 focus an the Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), without even a passing reference to existing subject headings lists in other languages (French RAMEAU, German SWK, etc.). If it is not surprising to see a section on subject headings in a book on classification, the two subjects being taught together in most library schools, the location of this section in the middle of this particular book is more difficult to understand. Chapter 14 brings the reader back to classification, for a discussion of essentials of classification scheme application. The following five chapters present in turn each one of the three major and currently used bibliographic classification schemes, in order of increasing complexity and difficulty of application. The Library of Congress Classification (LCC), the easiest to use, is covered in chapters 15 and 16. The Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) deserves only a one-chapter treatment (Chapter 17), while the functionalities of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC), which Professor Broughton knows extremely well, are described in chapters 18 and 19. Chapter 20 is a general discussion of faceted classification, on par with the first seven chapters for its theoretical content. Chapter 21, an interesting last chapter on managing classification, addresses down-to-earth matters such as the cost of classification, the need for re-classification, advantages and disadvantages of using print versions or e-versions of classification schemes, choice of classification scheme, general versus special scheme. But although the questions are interesting, the chapter provides only a very general overview of what appropriate answers might be. To facilitate reading and learning, summaries are strategically located at various places in the text, and always before switching to a related subject. Professor Broughton's choice of examples is always interesting, and sometimes even entertaining (see for example "Inside out: A brief history of underwear" (p. 71)). With many examples, however, and particularly those that appear in the five chapters an classification scheme applications, the novice reader would have benefited from more detailed explanations. On page 221, for example, "The history and social influence of the potato" results in this analysis of concepts: Potato - Sociology, and in the UDC class number: 635.21:316. What happened to the "history" aspect? Some examples are not very convincing: in Animals RT Reproduction and Art RT Reproduction (p. 102), the associative relationship is not appropriate as it is used to distinguish homographs and would do nothing to help either the indexer or the user at the retrieval stage.
Essential Classification is also an exercise book. Indeed, it contains a number of practical exercises and activities in every chapter, along with suggested answers. Unfortunately, the answers are too often provided without the justifications and explanations that students would no doubt demand. The author has taken great care to explain all technical terms in her text, but formal definitions are also gathered in an extensive 172-term Glossary; appropriately, these terms appear in bold type the first time they are used in the text. A short, very short, annotated bibliography of standard classification textbooks and of manuals for the use of major classification schemes is provided. A detailed 11-page index completes the set of learning aids which will be useful to an audience of students in their effort to grasp the basic concepts of the theory and the practice of document classification in a traditional environment. Essential Classification is a fine textbook. However, this reviewer deplores the fact that it presents only a very "traditional" view of classification, without much reference to newer environments such as the Internet where classification also manifests itself in various forms. In Essential Classification, books are always used as examples, and we have to take the author's word that traditional classification practices and tools can also be applied to other types of documents and elsewhere than in the traditional library. Vanda Broughton writes, for example, that "Subject headings can't be used for physical arrangement" (p. 101), but this is not entirely true. Subject headings can be used for physical arrangement of vertical files, for example, with each folder bearing a simple or complex heading which is then used for internal organization. And if it is true that subject headings cannot be reproduced an the spine of [physical] books (p. 93), the situation is certainly different an the World Wide Web where subject headings as metadata can be most useful in ordering a collection of hot links. The emphasis is also an the traditional paperbased, rather than an the electronic version of classification schemes, with excellent justifications of course. The reality is, however, that supporting organizations (LC, OCLC, etc.) are now providing great quality services online, and that updates are now available only in an electronic format and not anymore on paper. E-based versions of classification schemes could be safely ignored in a theoretical text, but they have to be described and explained in a textbook published in 2005. One last comment: Professor Broughton tends to use the same term, "classification" to represent the process (as in classification is grouping) and the tool (as in constructing a classification, using a classification, etc.). Even in the Glossary where classification is first well-defined as a process, and classification scheme as "a set of classes ...", the definition of classification scheme continues: "the classification consists of a vocabulary (...) and syntax..." (p. 296-297). Such an ambiguous use of the term classification seems unfortunate and unnecessarily confusing in an otherwise very good basic textbook an categorization of concepts and subjects, document organization and subject representation."

0.0166689 = product of:
  0.050006703 = sum of:
    0.018522931 = weight(_text_:of in 2050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.018522931 = score(doc=2050,freq=98.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.3023517 = fieldWeight in 2050, product of:
          9.899495 = tf(freq=98.0), with freq of:
            98.0 = termFreq=98.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2050)
    0.014453145 = weight(_text_:systems in 2050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014453145 = score(doc=2050,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.12004587 = fieldWeight in 2050, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2050)
    0.017030627 = weight(_text_:software in 2050) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017030627 = score(doc=2050,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 2050, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=2050)
  0.33333334 = coord(3/9)

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 50(2003) no.1, S.45-46 (L.M. Given): "In her own preface to this work, the author notes her lifelong fascination with classification and order, as well as her more recent captivation with the Internet - a place of "chaos in need of organization" (xi). Sorting out the Web examines current efforts to organize the Web and is well-informed by the author's academic and professional expertise in information organization, information retrieval, and Web development. Although the book's level and tone are particularly relevant to a student audience (or others interested in Web-based subject access at an introductory level), it will also appeal to information professionals developing subject access systems across a range of information contexts. There are six chapters in the book, each describing and analyzing one core concept related to the organization of Web content. All topics are presented in a manner ideal for newcomers to the area, with clear definitions, examples, and visuals that illustrate the principles under discussion. The first chapter provides a brief introduction to developments in information technology, including an historical overview of information services, users' needs, and libraries' responses to the Internet. Chapter two introduces metadata, including core concepts and metadata formats. Throughout this chapter the author presents a number of figures that aptly illustrate the application of metadata in HTML, SGML, and MARC record environments, and the use of metadata tools (e.g., XML, RDF). Chapter three begins with an overview of classification theory and specific schemes, but the author devotes most of the discussion to the application of classification systems in the Web environment (e.g., Dewey, LCC, UDC). Web screen captures illustrate the use of these schemes for information sources posted to sites around the world. The chapter closes with a discussion of the future of classification; this is a particularly useful section as the author presents a listing of core journal and conference venues where new approaches to Web classification are explored. In chapter four, the author extends the discussion of classification to the use of controlled vocabularies. As in the first few chapters, the author first presents core background material, including reasons to use controlled vocabularies and the differences between preand post-coordinate indexing, and then discusses the application of specific vocabularies in the Web environment (e.g., Infomine's use of LCSH). The final section of the chapter explores failure in subject searching and the limitations of controlled vocabularies for the Web. Chapter five discusses one of the most common and fast-growing topics related to subject access an the Web: search engines. The author presents a clear definition of the term that encompasses classified search lists (e.g., Yahoo) and query-based engines (e.g., Alta Vista). In addition to historical background an the development of search engines, Schwartz also examines search service types, features, results, and system performance.
The chapter concludes with an appendix of search tips that even seasoned searchers will appreciate; these tips cover the complete search process, from preparation to the examination of results. Chapter six is appropriately entitled "Around the Corner," as it provides the reader with a glimpse of the future of subject access for the Web. Text mining, visualization, machine-aided indexing, and other topics are raised here to whet the reader's appetite for what is yet to come. As the author herself notes in these final pages, librarians will likely increase the depth of their collaboration with software engineers, knowledge managers and others outside of the traditional library community, and thereby push the boundaries of subject access for the digital world. This final chapter leaves this reviewer wanting a second volume of the book, one that might explore these additional topics, as they evolve over the coming years. One characteristic of any book that addresses trends related to the Internet is how quickly the text becomes dated. However, as the author herself asserts, there are core principles related to subject analysis that stand the test of time, leaving the reader with a text that may be generalized well beyond the publication date. In this, Schwartz's text is similar to other recent publications (e.g., Jakob Nielsen's Web Usability, also published in 2001) that acknowledge the mutability of the Web, and therefore discuss core principles and issues that may be applied as the medium itself evolves. This approach to the writing makes this a useful book for those teaching in the areas of subject analysis, information retrieval and Web development for possible consideration as a course text. Although the websites used here may need to be supplemented with more current examples in the classroom, the core content of the book will be relevant for many years to come. Although one might expect that any book taking subject access as its focus world, itself, be easy to navigate, this is not always the case. In this text, however, readers will be pleased to find that no small detail in content access has been spared. The subject Index is thorough and well-crafted, and the inclusion of an exhaustive author index is particularly useful for quick reference. In addition, the table of contents includes sub-themes for each chapter, and a complete table of figures is provided. While the use of colour figures world greatly enhance the text, all black-andwhite images are clear and sharp, a notable fact given that most of the figures are screen captures of websites or database entries. In addition, the inclusion of comprehensive reference lists at the close of each chapter makes this a highly readable text for students and instructors alike; each section of the book can stand as its own "expert review" of the topic at hand. In both content and structure this text is highly recommended. It certainly meets its intended goal of providing a timely introduction to the methods and problems of subject access in the Web environment, and does so in a way that is readable, interesting and engaging."

0.015135056 = product of:
  0.068107754 = sum of:
    0.019052157 = weight(_text_:of in 6727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.019052157 = score(doc=6727,freq=18.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.3109903 = fieldWeight in 6727, product of:
          4.2426405 = tf(freq=18.0), with freq of:
            18.0 = termFreq=18.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6727)
    0.0490556 = weight(_text_:systems in 6727) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.0490556 = score(doc=6727,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.4074492 = fieldWeight in 6727, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=6727)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

This book provides a theoretical and practical explanation of the latest advancements in information retrieval and their application to existing systems. It takes a system approach, discussing all aspects of an IR system. The major difference between this book and the first edition is the addition to this text of descriptions of the automated indexing of multimedia dicuments, as items in information retrieval are now considered to be a combination of text along with graphics, audio, image and video data types. The growth of the Internet and the availability of enormous volumes of data in digital form have necessitated intense interest in techniques to assist the user in locating data

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems

0.012786384 = product of:
  0.057538725 = sum of:
    0.011833867 = weight(_text_:of in 2463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.011833867 = score(doc=2463,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.19316542 = fieldWeight in 2463, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2463)
    0.045704857 = weight(_text_:systems in 2463) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.045704857 = score(doc=2463,freq=10.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.37961838 = fieldWeight in 2463, product of:
          3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
            10.0 = termFreq=10.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2463)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

For its third edition this standard text on knowledge organization and retrieval has been extensively revised and restructured to accommodate the increased significance of electronic information resources. With the help of many new sections on topics such as information retrieval via the Web, metadata and managing information retrieval systems, the book explains principles relating to hybrid print-based and electronic, networked environments experienced by today's users. Part I, Information Basics, explores the nature of information and knowledge and their incorporation into documents. Part II, Records, focuses specifically on electronic databases for accessing print or electronic media. Part III, Access, explores the range of tools for accessing information resources and covers interfaces, indexing and searching languages, classification, thesauri and catalogue and bibliographic access points. Finally, Part IV, Systems, describes the contexts through which knowledge can be organized and retrieved, including OPACs, the Internet, CD-ROMs, online search services and printed indexes and documents. This book is a comprehensive and accessible introduction to knowledge organization for both undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management and information systems

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Management

0.011970505 = product of:
  0.035911515 = sum of:
    0.008467626 = weight(_text_:of in 2924) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.008467626 = score(doc=2924,freq=32.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.13821793 = fieldWeight in 2924, product of:
          5.656854 = tf(freq=32.0), with freq of:
            32.0 = termFreq=32.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2924)
    0.008175933 = weight(_text_:systems in 2924) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.008175933 = score(doc=2924,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.0679082 = fieldWeight in 2924, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2924)
    0.019267956 = weight(_text_:software in 2924) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.019267956 = score(doc=2924,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.123973496 = fieldWeight in 2924, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=2924)
  0.33333334 = coord(3/9)

Abstract

Many information professionals working in small units today fail to find the published tools for subject-based organization that are appropriate to their local needs, whether they are archivists, special librarians, information officers, or knowledge or content managers. Large established standards for document description and organization are too unwieldy, unnecessarily detailed, or too expensive to install and maintain. In other cases the available systems are insufficient for a specialist environment, or don't bring things together in a helpful way. A purpose built, in-house system would seem to be the answer, but too often the skills necessary to create one are lacking. This practical text examines the criteria relevant to the selection of a subject-management system, describes the characteristics of some common types of subject tool, and takes the novice step by step through the process of creating a system for a specialist environment. The methodology employed is a standard technique for the building of a thesaurus that incidentally creates a compatible classification or taxonomy, both of which may be used in a variety of ways for document or information management. Key areas covered are: What is a thesaurus? Tools for subject access and retrieval; what a thesaurus is used for? Why use a thesaurus? Examples of thesauri; the structure of a thesaurus; thesaural relationships; practical thesaurus construction; the vocabulary of the thesaurus; building the systematic structure; conversion to alphabetic format; forms of entry in the thesaurus; maintaining the thesaurus; thesaurus software; and; the wider environment. Essential for the practising information professional, this guide is also valuable for students of library and information science.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 60(2007) H.1, S.98-101 (O. Oberhauser): "Die Autorin von Essential thesaurus construction (and essential taxonomy construction, so der implizite Untertitel, vgl. S. 1) ist durch ihre Lehrtätigkeit an der bekannten School of Library, Archive and Information Studies des University College London und durch ihre bisherigen Publikationen auf den Gebieten (Facetten-)Klassifikation und Thesaurus fachlich einschlägig ausgewiesen. Nach Essential classification liegt nun ihr Thesaurus-Lehrbuch vor, mit rund 200 Seiten Text und knapp 100 Seiten Anhang ein handliches Werk, das seine Genese zum Grossteil dem Lehrbetrieb verdankt, wie auch dem kurzen Einleitungskapitel zu entnehmen ist. Das Buch ist der Schule von Jean Aitchison et al. verpflichtet und wendet sich an "the indexer" im weitesten Sinn, d.h. an alle Personen, die ein strukturiertes, kontrolliertes Fachvokabular für die Zwecke der sachlichen Erschliessung und Suche erstellen wollen bzw. müssen. Es möchte dieser Zielgruppe das nötige methodische Rüstzeug für eine solche Aufgabe vermitteln, was einschliesslich der Einleitung und der Schlussbemerkungen in zwanzig Kapiteln geschieht - eine ansprechende Strukturierung, die ein wohldosiertes Durcharbeiten möglich macht. Zu letzterem tragen auch die von der Autorin immer wieder gestellten Übungsaufgaben bei (Lösungen jeweils am Kapitelende). Zu Beginn der Darstellung wird der "information retrieval thesaurus" von dem (zumindest im angelsächsischen Raum) weit öfter mit dem Thesaurusbegriff assoziierten "reference thesaurus" abgegrenzt, einem nach begrifflicher Ähnlichkeit angeordneten Synonymenwörterbuch, das gerne als Mittel zur stilistischen Verbesserung beim Abfassen von (wissenschaftlichen) Arbeiten verwendet wird. Ohne noch ins Detail zu gehen, werden optische Erscheinungsform und Anwendungsgebiete von Thesauren vorgestellt, der Thesaurus als postkoordinierte Indexierungssprache erläutert und seine Nähe zu facettierten Klassifikationssystemen erwähnt. In der Folge stellt Broughton die systematisch organisierten Systeme (Klassifikation/ Taxonomie, Begriffs-/Themendiagramme, Ontologien) den alphabetisch angeordneten, wortbasierten (Schlagwortlisten, thesaurusartige Schlagwortsysteme und Thesauren im eigentlichen Sinn) gegenüber, was dem Leser weitere Einordnungshilfen schafft. Die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Thesauren als Mittel der Erschliessung (auch als Quelle für Metadatenangaben bei elektronischen bzw. Web-Dokumenten) und der Recherche (Suchformulierung, Anfrageerweiterung, Browsing und Navigieren) kommen ebenso zur Sprache wie die bei der Verwendung natürlichsprachiger Indexierungssysteme auftretenden Probleme. Mit Beispielen wird ausdrücklich auf die mehr oder weniger starke fachliche Spezialisierung der meisten dieser Vokabularien hingewiesen, wobei auch Informationsquellen über Thesauren (z.B. www.taxonomywarehouse.com) sowie Thesauren für nicht-textuelle Ressourcen kurz angerissen werden.
In einem abschliessenden Kapitel geht das Buch auf Thesauruspflege und -verwaltung ein, wobei auch das Thema "Thesaurussoftware" angerissen wird - letzteres vielleicht ein wenig zu kurz. Erst hier mag manchem unbefangenen Leser bewusst werden, dass die in den vorhergehenden Kapiteln dargestellte Methodik eigentlich ohne den Einsatz dezidierter Software besprochen wurde, ja vielleicht auch so besprochen werden musste, um ein entsprechendes Verständnis herzustellen. In der nachfolgenden zweiseitigen Conclusio wird erwähnt, dass die britische Norm Structured Vocabularies for Information Retrieval (BS 8723) vor einer Neufassung stehe - was den Rezensenten darauf hinzuweisen gemahnt, dass sich dieses Buch natürlich ausschliesslich auf den anglo-amerikanischen Sprachraum und die dort geltenden Thesaurus-Gepflogenheiten bezieht. Der relativ umfangreiche Anhang beinhaltet ausser Materialie zum erwähnten Demonstrationsbeispiel auch ein nützliches Glossarium sowie ein professionell gefertigtes Sachregister. Literaturhinweise werden - in sparsamer Dosierung - jeweils am Ende der einzelnen Kapitel gegeben, sodass sich die "Bibliography" am Ende des Buches auf einige Normen und zwei Standardwerke beschränken kann. Realistisch betrachtet, darf vermutlich nicht davon ausgegangen werden, dass Leser, die dieses Buch durchgearbeitet haben, sogleich in der Lage sein werden, eigenständig einen Thesaurus zu erstellen. Ein Lehrbuch allein kann weder einen Kurs noch die praktische Erfahrung ersetzen, die für eine solche Tätigkeit vonnöten sind. Ich kann mir aber gut vorstellen, dass die Kenntnis der in diesem Buch vermittelten Inhalte sehr wohl in die Lage versetzt, in einem Team, das einen Thesaurus erstellen soll, kompetent mitzuarbeiten, mit den Konzepten und Fachtermini zurechtzukommen und selbst konstruktive Beiträge zu leisten. Ausserdem erscheint mir das Werk hervorragend als Begleitmaterial zu einer Lehrveranstaltung geeignet - oder auch als Grundlage für die Planung einer solchen. Ein britischer Einführungstext eben, im besten Sinne."
Weitere Rez. in: New Library World 108(2007) nos.3/4, S.190-191 (K.V. Trickey): "Vanda has provided a very useful work that will enable any reader who is prepared to follow her instruction to produce a thesaurus that will be a quality language-based subject access tool that will make the task of information retrieval easier and more effective. Once again I express my gratitude to Vanda for producing another excellent book." - Electronic Library 24(2006) no.6, S.866-867 (A.G. Smith): "Essential thesaurus construction is an ideal instructional text, with clear bullet point summaries at the ends of sections, and relevant and up to date references, putting thesauri in context with the general theory of information retrieval. But it will also be a valuable reference for any information professional developing or using a controlled vocabulary." - KO 33(2006) no.4, S.215-216 (M.P. Satija)

0.010611261 = product of:
  0.031833783 = sum of:
    0.004583237 = weight(_text_:of in 693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.004583237 = score(doc=693,freq=6.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.07481265 = fieldWeight in 693, product of:
          2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
            6.0 = termFreq=6.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=693)
    0.010219917 = weight(_text_:systems in 693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010219917 = score(doc=693,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.08488525 = fieldWeight in 693, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=693)
    0.017030627 = weight(_text_:software in 693) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017030627 = score(doc=693,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 693, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=693)
  0.33333334 = coord(3/9)

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Rainer Kuhlen: Information Thomas Seeger: Entwicklung der Fachinformation und -kommunikation Thomas Seeger: Professionalisierung in der Informationsarbeit: Beruf und Ausbildung in Deutschland Marlies Ockenfeld: Nationale und internationale Institutionen Rainer Kuhlen: Informationsethik Thomas Seeger: (Fach-)Informationspolitik in Deutschland (Bundesrepublik Deutschland) Jürgen W Goebel: Informationsrecht -Recht der Informationswirtschaft Rainer Kuhlen: Wissensökologie Wolfgang Ratzek: Informationsutopien - Proaktive Zukunftsgestaltung. Ein Essay Hans Jürgen Manecke: Klassifikation, Klassieren Margarete Burkart: Thesaurus Ulrich Reimer: Wissensbasierte Verfahren der Organisation und Vermittlung von Information Heidrun Wiesenmüller: Informationsaufbereitung I: Formale Erfassung Gerhard Knorz: Informationsaufbereitung II: Indexieren Rainer Kuhlen: Informationsaufbereitung III: Referieren (Abstracts - Abstracting - Grundlagen) Norbert Fuhr: Theorie des Information Retrieval I: Modelle Holger Nohr: Theorie des Information Retrieval II: Automatische Indexierung Christa Womser-Hacker: Theorie des Information Retrieval III: Evaluierung Walther Umstätter: Szientometrische Verfahren Josef Herget: Informationsmanagement Holger Nohr: Wissensmanagement Michael Kluck: Methoden der Informationsanalyse - Einführung in die empirischen Methoden für die Informationsbedarfsanalyse und die Markt- und Benutzerforschung Michael Kluck: Die Informationsanalyse im Online-Zeitalter. Befunde der Benutzerforschung zum Informationsverhalten im Internet Alfred Kobsa: Adaptive Verfahren -Benutzermodellierung Stefan Grudowski: Innerbetriebliches Informationsmarketing Marc Rittberger: Informationsqualität Bernard Bekavac: Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien Thomas Schütz: Dokumentenmanagement Nicola Döring: Computervermittelte Kommunikation, Mensch-Computer-Interaktion Daniel A. Keim: Datenvisualisierung und Data Mining Jürgen Krause: Software-Ergonomie Marlies Ockenfeld: Gedruckte Informations- und Suchdienste Joachim Kind: Praxis des Information Retrieval Bernard Bekavac: Metainformationsdienste des Internet Elke Lang: Datenbanken und Datenbank-Management-Systeme Rainer Hammwöhner: Hypertext Ralph Schmidt: Informationsvermittlung Rainer Bohnert: Technologietransfer Holger Nohr: Rechnergestützte Gruppenarbeit. Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW)
Jiri Panyr: Technische Redaktion Wolfgang F. Finke: E-Learning Harald H. Zimmermann: Maschinelle und Computergestützte Übersetzung Franziskus Geeb und Ulrike Spree: Wörterbücher und Enzyklopädien Angelika Menne-Haritz: Archive Hans-Christoph Hobohm: Bibliotheken Günter Peters: Medien, Medienwirtschaft Ulrich Riehm: Buchhandel Helmut Wittenzellner: Transformationsprozesse für die Druckbranche auf dem Weg zum Mediendienstleister Dietmar Strauch: Verlagswesen Ulrich Riehm, Knud Böhle und Bernd Wingert: Elektronisches Publizieren Heike Andermann: Initiativen zur Reformierung des Systems wissenschaftlicher Kommunikation Ute Schwens und Hans Liegmann: Langzeitarchivierung digitaler Ressourcen Achim OBwald: Document Delivery/ Dokumentlieferung Willi Bredemeier und Patrick Müller: Informationswirtschaft Martin Michelson: Wirtschaftsinformation Ulrich Kämper: Chemie-Information Wilhelm Gaus: Information und Dokumentation in der Medizin Gottfried Herzog und Hans Jörg Wiesner: Normung Jürgen Krause: Standardisierung und Heterogenität Reinhard Schramm: Patentinformation Wolfgang Semar: E-Commerce Wolfgang Semar: Kryptografie Knud Böhle: Elektronische Zahlungssysteme Herbert Stoyan: Information in der Informatik Gerhard Roth und Christian Eurich: Der Begriff der Information in der Neurobiologie Margarete Boos: Information in der Psychologie Harald H. Zimmermann: Information in der Sprachwissenschaft Ulrich Glowalla: Information und Lernen Eric Schoop: Information in der Betriebswirtschaft: ein neuer Produktionsfaktor? Gerhard Vowe: Der Informationsbegriff in der Politikwissenschaft - eine historische und systematische Bestandsaufnahme Jürgen Krause: Information in den Sozialwissenschaften Holger Lyre: Information in den Naturwissenschaften Norbert Henrichs: Information in der Philosophie

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitteilungen VÖB 57(2004) H.3/4, S.86-90 (O. Oberhauser): " ...Allen kritischen Anmerkungen zum Trotz: Im Vergleich mit der letzten Auflage schneidet diese fünfte Ausgabe erfreulich positiv ab (nur Nörgler würden sagen, dass dies nicht schwergefallen ist). Natürlich könnte darüber reflektiert werden, ob es heute noch möglich ist, das Gesamtgebiet der Informationswissenschaft und -praxis in einem Handbuch erschöpfend darzustellen; die Zeiten, in denen man Wissenschaftsdisziplinen auf diese Weise repräsentierte und legitimierte, sind eigentlich vorüber. Andererseits fehlen, gerade im deutschen Sprachraum, weitgehend gute und aktuelle Darstellungen zu den hier präsentierten Teilbereichen. Als Einstieg in die Informationswissenschaft und -praxis ist das vorliegende Handbuch daher allemal wichtig. Auch für gestandene Praktiker bietet es viele interessante und neue Themen. Der Preis für die broschierte Ausgabe ist vielleicht nicht gerade wohlfeil, aber nach heutigen Massstäben dem Umfang angemessen. Grössere Bibliotheken und bibliothekarische bzw. informationswissenschaftliche Ausbildungseinrichtungen, für die auch diese Ausgabe unverzichtbar ist, werden dagegen wohl eher zur teureren gebundenen Variante greifen." Weitere Rez. in: BuB 57(2005) H.4, S.307-308 (H. Meinhardt); ZfBB 52(2005) H.6, S.349-350 (T. Seela); Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2005) H.8, S.457-458 (D. Soergel): "In sum, this work provides a comprehensive and competent introduction to information science with a breadth of scope that exists nowhere else. It does so through a collection of independent contributions of many authors with many perspectives and many redundancies. Some readers might prefer a treatment from a unified viewpoint."

0.010553013 = product of:
  0.047488555 = sum of:
    0.019401768 = weight(_text_:of in 1842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.019401768 = score(doc=1842,freq=42.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.31669703 = fieldWeight in 1842, product of:
          6.4807405 = tf(freq=42.0), with freq of:
            42.0 = termFreq=42.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1842)
    0.028086785 = product of:
      0.05617357 = sum of:
        0.05617357 = weight(_text_:22 in 1842) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.05617357 = score(doc=1842,freq=14.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.4094577 = fieldWeight in 1842, product of:
              3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
                14.0 = termFreq=14.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=1842)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.

Content

1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons

Object

DDC-22

0.009224068 = product of:
  0.041508306 = sum of:
    0.014968789 = weight(_text_:of in 4594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014968789 = score(doc=4594,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.24433708 = fieldWeight in 4594, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4594)
    0.026539518 = product of:
      0.053079035 = sum of:
        0.053079035 = weight(_text_:22 in 4594) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.053079035 = score(doc=4594,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 4594, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=4594)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

This work has been fully updated for the 22nd edition of DDC, and is used as reference for the application of Dewey coding or as a course text in the Dewey System

Object

DDC-22

0.008481526 = product of:
  0.038166866 = sum of:
    0.016935252 = weight(_text_:of in 2686) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.016935252 = score(doc=2686,freq=8.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.27643585 = fieldWeight in 2686, product of:
          2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
            8.0 = termFreq=8.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2686)
    0.021231614 = product of:
      0.042463228 = sum of:
        0.042463228 = weight(_text_:22 in 2686) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.042463228 = score(doc=2686,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.30952093 = fieldWeight in 2686, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2686)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

Metadata (structured information about an object or collection of objects) is increasingly important to libraries, archives, and museums. And although librarians are familiar with a number of issues that apply to creating and using metadata (e.g., authority control, controlled vocabularies, etc.), the world of metadata is nonetheless different than library cataloging, with its own set of challenges. Therefore, whether you are new to these concepts or quite experienced with classic cataloging, this short (20 pages) introductory paper on metadata can be helpful

Date

10. 9.2004 10:22:40

0.0064226524 = product of:
  0.05780387 = sum of:
    0.05780387 = weight(_text_:software in 1655) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.05780387 = score(doc=1655,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.3719205 = fieldWeight in 1655, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=1655)
  0.11111111 = coord(1/9)

Classification

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

RVK

ST 270 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Datenbanken, Datenbanksysteme, Data base management, Informationssysteme

0.0063108015 = product of:
  0.028398607 = sum of:
    0.020436753 = weight(_text_:software in 729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.020436753 = score(doc=729,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.13149375 = fieldWeight in 729, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=729)
    0.007961854 = product of:
      0.015923709 = sum of:
        0.015923709 = weight(_text_:22 in 729) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.015923709 = score(doc=729,freq=2.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.116070345 = fieldWeight in 729, product of:
              1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
                2.0 = termFreq=2.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=729)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

Dieses Buch wendet sich an alle, die Anwendungen auf der Basis von XML entwickeln wollen. Designer von Websites können neue Techniken erlernen, wie sie ihre Sites auf ein neues technisches Niveau heben können. Entwickler komplexerer Software-Systeme und Programmierer können lernen, wie XML in ihr System passt und wie es helfen kann, Anwendungen zu integrieren. XML-Anwendungen sind von ihrer Natur her verteilt und im Allgemeinen Web-orientiert. Dieses Buch behandelt nicht verteilte Systeme oder die Entwicklung von Web-Anwendungen, sie brauchen also keine tieferen Kenntnisse auf diesen Gebieten. Ein allgemeines Verständnis für verteilte Architekturen und Funktionsweisen des Web wird vollauf genügen. Die Beispiele in diesem Buch verwenden eine Reihe von Programmiersprachen und Technologien. Ein wichtiger Bestandteil der Attraktivität von XML ist seine Plattformunabhängigkeit und Neutralität gegenüber Programmiersprachen. Sollten Sie schon Web-Anwendungen entwickelt haben, stehen die Chancen gut, dass Sie einige Beispiele in Ihrer bevorzugten Sprache finden werden. Lassen Sie sich nicht entmutigen, wenn Sie kein Beispiel speziell für Ihr System finden sollten. Tools für die Arbeit mit XML gibt es für Perl, C++, Java, JavaScript und jede COM-fähige Sprache. Der Internet Explorer (ab Version 5.0) hat bereits einige Möglichkeiten zur Verarbeitung von XML-Dokumenten eingebaut. Auch der Mozilla-Browser (der Open-Source-Nachfolger des Netscape Navigators) bekommt ähnliche Fähigkeiten. XML-Tools tauchen auch zunehmend in großen relationalen Datenbanksystemen auf, genau wie auf Web- und Applikations-Servern. Sollte Ihr System nicht in diesem Buch behandelt werden, lernen Sie die Grundlagen und machen Sie sich mit den vorgestellten Techniken aus den Beispielen vertraut.

Date

22. 6.2005 15:12:11

0.0062735677 = product of:
  0.028231055 = sum of:
    0.016668538 = weight(_text_:of in 1170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.016668538 = score(doc=1170,freq=124.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.27208224 = fieldWeight in 1170, product of:
          11.135529 = tf(freq=124.0), with freq of:
            124.0 = termFreq=124.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1170)
    0.011562516 = weight(_text_:systems in 1170) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.011562516 = score(doc=1170,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.096036695 = fieldWeight in 1170, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=1170)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

This book examines a core topic in traditional librarianship: classification. Classification has often been treated as a sub-set of cataloguing and indexing with relatively few basic textbooks concentrating solely an the theory and practice of classifying resources. This book attempts to redress the balance somewhat. The aim is to demystify a complex subject, by providing a sound theoretical underpinning, together with practical advice and promotion of practical skills. The text is arranged into five chapters: Chapter 1: Classification in theory and practice. This chapter explores theories of classification in broad terms and then focuses an the basic principles of library classification, introducing readers to technical terminology and different types of classification scheme. The next two chapters examine individual classification schemes in depth. Each scheme is explained using frequent examples to illustrate basic features. Working through the exercises provided should be enjoyable and will enable readers to gain practical skills in using the three most widely used general library classification schemes: Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Universal Decimal Classification. Chapter 2: Classification schemes for general collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress classifications are the most useful and popular schemes for use in general libraries. The background, coverage and structure of each scheme are examined in detail in this chapter. Features of the schemes and their application are illustrated with examples. Chapter 3: Classification schemes for specialist collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress may not provide sufficient depth of classification for specialist collections. In this chapter, classification schemes that cater to specialist needs are examined. Universal Decimal Classification is superficially very much like Dewey Decimal, but possesses features that make it a good choice for specialist libraries or special collections within general libraries. It is recognised that general schemes, no matter how deep their coverage, may not meet the classification needs of some collections. An answer may be to create a special classification scheme and this process is examined in detail here. Chapter 4: Classifying electronic resources. Classification has been reborn in recent years with an increasing need to organise digital information resources. A lot of work in this area has been conducted within the computer science discipline, but uses basic principles of classification and thesaurus construction. This chapter takes a broad view of theoretical and practical issues involved in creating classifications for digital resources by examining subject trees, taxonomies and ontologies. Chapter 5: Summary. This chapter provides a brief overview of concepts explored in depth in previous chapters. Development of practical skills is emphasised throughout the text. It is only through using classification schemes that a deep understanding of their structure and unique features can be gained. Although all the major schemes covered in the text are available an the Web, it is recommended that hard-copy versions are used by those wishing to become acquainted with their overall structure. Recommended readings are supplied at the end of each chapter and provide useful sources of additional information and detail. Classification demands precision and the application of analytical skills, working carefully through the examples and the practical exercises should help readers to improve these faculties. Anyone who enjoys cryptic crosswords should recognise a parallel: classification often involves taking the meaning of something apart and then reassembling it in a different way.

Footnote

Rez. in: KO 31(2005), no.4, S.257-258 (B.H. Kwasnik): "According to the author, there have been many books that address the general topic of cataloging and indexing, but relatively few that focus solely an classification. This Compact and clearly written book promises to "redress the balance," and it does. From the outset the author identifies this as a textbook - one that provides theoretical underpinnings, but has as its main goal the provision of "practical advice and the promotion of practical skills" (p. vii). This is a book for the student, or for the practitioner who would like to learn about other applied bibliographic classification systems, and it considers classification as a pragmatic solution to a pragmatic problem: that of organizing materials in a collection. It is not aimed at classification researchers who study the nature of classification per se, nor at those whose primary interest is in classification as a manifestation of human cultural, social, and political values. Having said that, the author's systematic descriptions provide an exceptionally lucid and conceptually grounded description of the prevalent bibliographic classification schemes as they exist, and thus, the book Could serve as a baseline for further comparative analyses or discussions by anyone pursuing such investigations. What makes this book so appealing, even to someone who has immersed herself in this area for many years, as a practicing librarian, a teacher, and a researcher? I especially liked the conceptual framework that supported the detailed descriptions. The author defines and provides examples of the fundamental concepts of notation and the types of classifications, and then develops the notions of conveying order, brevity and simplicity, being memorable, expressiveness, flexibility and hospitality. These basic terms are then used throughout to analyze and comment an the classifications described in the various chapters: DDC, LCC, UDC, and some well-chosen examples of facetted schemes (Colon, Bliss, London Classification of Business Studies, and a hypothetical library of photographs).
The heart of the book lies in its exceptionally clear and well illustrated explanation of each of the classification schemes. These are presented comprehensively, but also in gratifying detail, down to the meaning of the various enigmatic notes and notations, such as "config" or "class elsewhere" notes, each simply explained, as if a teacher were standing over your shoulder leading you through it. Such attention at such a fine level may seem superfluous or obvious to a seasoned practitioner, but it is in dealing with such enigmatic details that we find students getting discouraged and confused. That is why I think this would be an excellent text, especially as a book to hold in one hand and the schedules themselves in the other. While the examples throughout and the practical exercises at the end of each chapter are slanted towards British topics, they are aptly Chosen and should present no problem of understanding to a student anywhere. As mentioned, this is an unabashedly practical book, focusing an classification as it has been and is presently applied in libraries for maintaining a "useful book order." It aims to develop those skills that would allow a student to learn how it is done from a procedural rather than a critical perspective. At times, though, one wishes for a bit more of a critical approach - one that would help a student puzzle through some of the ambiguities and issues that the practice of classification in an increasingly global rather than local environment entails. While there is something to be said for a strong foundation in existing practice (to understand from whence it all came), the author essentially accepts the status quo, and ventures almost timidly into any critique of the content and practice of existing classification schemes. This lack of a critical analysis manifests itself in several ways: - The content of the classification schemes as described in this book is treated as fundamentally "correct" or at least "given." This is not to say the author doesn't recognize anomalies and shortcomings, but that her approach is to work with what is there. Where there are logical flaws in the knowledge representation structures, the author takes the approach that there are always tradeoffs, and one must simply do the best one can. This is certainly true for most people working in libraries where the choice of scheme is not controlled by the classifier, and it is a wonderful skill indeed to be able to organize creatively and carefully despite imperfect systems. The approach is less convincing, however, when it is also applied to emerging or newly developed schemes, such as those proposed for organizing electronic resources. Here, the author could have been a bit braver in at least encouraging less normative approaches. - There is also a lingering notion that classification is a precise science. For example the author states (p. 13): Hospitality is the ability to accommodate new topics and concepts in their correct place in the schedules ... Perfect hospitality world mean that every new subject could be accommodated in the most appropriate place in the schedules. In practice, schemes do manage to fit new subjects in, but not necessarily in their most appropriate place. It world have been helpful to acknowledge that for many complex subjects there is no one appropriate place. The author touches an this dilemma, but in passing, and not usually when she is providing practical pointers.
- Similarly, there is very little space provided to the thorny issue of subject analysis, which is at the conceptual core of classification work of any kind. The author's recommendations are practical, and do not address the subjective nature of this activity, nor the fundamental issues of how the classification schemes are interpreted and applied in diverse contexts, especially with respect to what a work "is about." - Finally, there is very little about practical problem solving - stories from the trenches as it were. How does a classifier choose one option over another when both seem plausible, even given that he or she has done a user and task analysis? How do classifiers respond to rapid or seemingly impulsive change? How do we evaluate the products of our work? How do we know what is the "correct" solution, even if we work, as most of us do, assuming that this is an elusive goal, but we try our best anyway? The least satisfying section of the book is the last, where the author proposes some approaches to organizing electronic resources. The suggestions seem to be to more or less transpose and adapt skills and procedures from the world of organizing books an shelves to the virtual hyperlinked world of the Web. For example, the author states (p. 153-54): Precise classification of documents is perhaps not as crucial in the electronic environment as it is in the traditional library environment. A single document can be linked to and retrieved via several different categories to allow for individual needs and expertise. However, it is not good practice to overload the system with links because that will affect its use. Effort must be made to ensure that inappropriate or redundant links are not included. The point is well taken: too muck irrelevant information is not helpful. At the same time an important point concerning the electronic environment has been overlooked as well: redundancy is what relieves the user from making precise queries or knowing the "right" place for launching a search, and redundancy is what is so natural an the Web. These are small objections, however. Overall the book is a carefully crafted primer that gives the student a strong foundation an which to build further understanding. There are well-chosen and accessible references for further reading. I world recommend it to any instructor as an excellent starting place for deeper analysis in the classroom and to any student as an accompanying text to the schedules themselves."

0.006085587 = product of:
  0.027385142 = sum of:
    0.010041369 = weight(_text_:of in 2464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.010041369 = score(doc=2464,freq=20.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.16390629 = fieldWeight in 2464, product of:
          4.472136 = tf(freq=20.0), with freq of:
            20.0 = termFreq=20.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2464)
    0.017343773 = weight(_text_:systems in 2464) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017343773 = score(doc=2464,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.12039685 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.14405504 = fieldWeight in 2464, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          3.0731742 = idf(docFreq=5561, maxDocs=44218)
          0.0234375 = fieldNorm(doc=2464)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

The fourth edition of this standard student text, "Organizing Knowledge", incorporates extensive revisions reflecting the increasing shift towards a networked and digital information environment, and its impact on documents, information, knowledge, users and managers.Offering a broad-based overview of the approaches and tools used in the structuring and dissemination of knowledge, it is written in an accessible style and well illustrated with figures and examples. The book has been structured into three parts and twelve chapters and has been thoroughly updated throughout.Part I discusses the nature, structuring and description of knowledge. Part II, with its five chapters, lies at the core of the book focusing as it does on access to information. Part III explores different types of knowledge organization systems and considers some of the management issues associated with such systems. Each chapter includes learning objectives, a chapter summary and a list of references for further reading.This is a key introductory text for undergraduate and postgraduate students of information management.

Footnote

Rez. in: VOEB-Mitt. 61(2008) H.4, S.164-167 (O. Oberhauser): " Dieses nunmehr in vierter Auflage vorliegende Werk ist - vor allem in der angelsächsischen Welt - bereits zu einem Standardlehrtext für Studenten informationswissenschaftlicher Studiengänge geworden. Es zeichnete sich stets durch klaren Aufbau, gute Lesbarkeit und eine bei aller Knappheit doch relativ umfassende Themenbehandlung aus. Der im Titel verwendete Begriff organizing knowledge steht hier ja nicht für mögliche engere Bedeutungen wie etwa Wissensrepräsentation oder gar Klassifikation, sondern für den gesamten Themenbereich information retrieval bzw. information management. Die beiden ersten Auflagen verfasste die versierte und produktive Lehrbuchautorin Jennifer Rowley noch alleine;1 erst bei der dritten Auflage (2000) stand ihr John Farrow (2002 verstorben) als Mitautor zur Seite.2 Inzwischen zur Professorin am Department of Information and Communications der Manchester Metropolitan University avanciert, konnte Rowley nunmehr für die neueste Auflage den ebenfalls als Lehrbuchautor erfahrenen Richard Hartley, Professor am selben Institut und überdies dessen Vorstand, als zweiten Verfasser gewinnen. Wie die Autoren in der Einleitung ausführen, wurde das Buch gegenüber der letzten Auflage stark verändert. Die Neuerungen spiegeln insbesondere die anhaltende Verschiebung hin zu einer vernetzten und digitalen Informationswelt wider, mit allen Konsequenzen dieser Entwicklung für Dokumente, Information, Wissen, Informationsdienste und Benutzer. Neue bzw. stark überarbeitete Themenbereiche sind u.a. Ontologien und Taxonomien, Informationsverhalten, digitale Bibliotheken, Semantisches Web, Evaluation von Informationssystemen, Authentifizierung und Sicherheit, Veränderungsmanagement. Der Text wurde revidiert und auch, was diverse Standards und Normen betrifft, auf den aktuellen Stand gebracht. Der in der dritten Auflage noch separate Abschnitt über das Internet und seine Anwendungen wurde zugunsten einer Integration dieser Themen in die einzelnen Kapitel aufgelassen. Das Buch wurde neu gegliedert - es weist jetzt zwölf Kapitel auf, die in drei grosse Abschnitte gruppiert sind. Jedes Kapitel beginnt mit einer kurzen Einleitung, in der die beabsichtigten Lehr- bzw. Lernziele vorgestellt werden. Am Kapitelende gibt es jeweils eine Zusammenfassung, einige (Prüfungs-)Fragen zum Stoff sowie eine nicht allzu lange Liste der zitierten bzw. zur Vertiefung empfohlenen Literatur. Diese durchgehende Strukturierung erleichtert die Lektüre und Rezeption der Inhalte und ist m.E. für einen Lehrtext besonders vorteilhaft.

0.005549637 = product of:
  0.024973366 = sum of:
    0.014357559 = weight(_text_:of in 359) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.014357559 = score(doc=359,freq=92.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.2343599 = fieldWeight in 359, product of:
          9.591663 = tf(freq=92.0), with freq of:
            92.0 = termFreq=92.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=359)
    0.010615807 = product of:
      0.021231614 = sum of:
        0.021231614 = weight(_text_:22 in 359) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
          0.021231614 = score(doc=359,freq=8.0), product of:
            0.13719016 = queryWeight, product of:
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.03917671 = queryNorm
            0.15476047 = fieldWeight in 359, product of:
              2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
                8.0 = termFreq=8.0
              3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
              0.015625 = fieldNorm(doc=359)
      0.5 = coord(1/2)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

In this book, John Bowman provides an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification suitable either for beginners or for librarians who are out of practice using Dewey. He outlines the content and structure of the scheme and then, through worked examples using real titles, Shows readers how to use it. Most chapters include practice exercises, to which answers are given at the end of the book. A particular feature of the book is the chapter dealing with problems of specific parts of the scheme. Later chapters offer advice and how to cope with compound subjects, and a brief introduction to the Web version of Dewey.

Content

"The contents of the book cover: This book is intended as an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification, edition 22. It is not a substitute for it, and I assume that you have it, all four volumes of it, by you while reading the book. I have deliberately included only a short section an WebDewey. This is partly because WebDewey is likely to change more frequently than the printed version, but also because this book is intended to help you use the scheme regardless of the manifestation in which it appears. If you have a subscription to WebDewey and not the printed volumes you may be able to manage with that, but you may then find my references to volumes and page numbers baffling. All the examples and exercises are real; what is not real is the idea that you can classify something without seeing more than the title. However, there is nothing that I can do about this, and I have therefore tried to choose examples whose titles adequately express their subject-matter. Sometimes when you look at the 'answers' you may feel that you have been cheated, but I hope that this will be seldom. Two people deserve special thanks. My colleague Vanda Broughton has read drafts of the book and made many suggestions. Ross Trotter, chair of the CILIP Dewey Decimal Classification Committee, who knows more about Dewey than anyone in Britain today, has commented extensively an it and as far as possible has saved me from error, as well as suggesting many improvements. What errors remain are due to me alone. Thanks are also owed to OCLC Online Computer Library Center, for permission to reproduce some specimen pages of DDC 22. Excerpts from the Dewey Decimal Classification are taken from the Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 which is Copyright 2003 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. DDC, Dewey, Dewey Decimal Classification and WebDewey are registered trademarks of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc."

Footnote

"The title says it all. The book contains the essentials for a fundamental understanding of the complex world of the Dewey Decimal Classification. It is clearly written and captures the essence in a concise and readable style. Is it a coincidence that the mysteries of the Dewey Decimal System are revealed in ten easy chapters? The typography and layout are clear and easy to read and the perfect binding withstood heavy use. The exercises and answers are invaluable in illustrating the points of the several chapters. The book is well structured. Chapter 1 provides an "Introduction and background" to classification in general and Dewey in particular. Chapter 2 describes the "Outline of the scheme" and the conventions in the schedules and tables. Chapter 3 covers "Simple subjects" and introduces the first of the exercises. Chapters 4 and 5 describe "Number-building" with "standard subdivisions" in the former and "other methods" in the latter. Chapter 6 provides an excellent description of "Preference order" and Chapter 7 deals with "Exceptions and options." Chapter 8 "Special subjects," while no means exhaustive, gives a thorough analysis of problems with particular parts of the schedules from "100 Philosophy" to "910 Geography" with a particular discussion of "'Persons treatment"' and "Optional treatment of biography." Chapter 9 treats "Compound subjects." Chapter 10 briefly introduces WebDewey and provides the URL for the Web Dewey User Guide http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/dewey/ webdewey_userguide/; the section for exercises says: "You are welcome to try using WebDewey an the exercises in any of the preceding chapters." Chapters 6 and 7 are invaluable at clarifying the options and bases for choice when a work is multifaceted or is susceptible of classification under different Dewey Codes. The recommendation "... not to adopt options, but use the scheme as instructed" (p. 71) is clearly sound. As is, "What is vital, of course, is that you keep a record of the decisions you make and to stick to them. Any option Chosen must be used consistently, and not the whim of the individual classifier" (p. 71). The book was first published in the UK and the British overtones, which may seem quite charming to a Canadian, may be more difficult for readers from the United States. The correction of Dewey's spelling of Labor to Labo [u] r (p. 54) elicited a smile for the championing of lost causes and some relief that we do not have to cope with 'simplified speling.' The down-to-earth opinions of the author, which usually agree with those of the reviewer, add savour to the text and enliven what might otherwise have been a tedious text indeed. However, in the case of (p. 82):
Dewey requires that you classify bilingual dictionaries that go only one way with the language in which the entries are written, which means that an English-French dictionary has to go with English, not French. This is very unhelpful and probably not widely observed in English-speaking libraries ... one may wonder (the Norman conquest not withstanding) why Bowman feels that it is more useful to class the book in the language of the definition rather than that of the entry words - Dewey's requirement to class a dictionary of French words with English definitions with French language dictionaries seems quite reasonable. In the example of Anglo-French relations before the second World War (p. 42) the principle of adding two notations from Table 2 is succinctly illustrated but there is no discussion of why the notation is -41044 rather than -44041. Is it because the title is 'Anglo'-'French', or because -41 precedes -44, or because it is assumed that the book is being catalogued for an English library that wished to keep all Anglo relations together? The bibliography lists five classic works and the School Library Association (UK) website. The index provides additional assistance in locating topics; however it is not clear whether it is intended to be a relative index with terms in direct order or nouns with subdivisions. There are a few Cross-references and some double posting. The instruction ") ( means 'compared with"' (p. 147) seems particularly twee since the three occasions in the index could easily have included the text "compared with;" the saving of space is not worth the potential confusion. There is no entry for "displaced standard subdivisions" one must look under "standard subdivisions" with the subdivision "displaced." There is no entry for "approximating the whole," although "standing room," "class here notes" and "including notes" are listed. Both "rule of zero" and "zero" with the subdivision "rule of" are included. The "rule of zero" is really all you need to know about Dewey (p. 122): Something which can be useful if you are really stuck is to consider the possibilities one digit at a time, and never put 0 if you can put something more specific. Be as specific as possible, but if you can't say something good, say nothing. This slim volume clearly follows this advice."

Object

DDC-22

0.004616183 = product of:
  0.020772824 = sum of:
    0.0037421973 = weight(_text_:of in 38) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.0037421973 = score(doc=38,freq=4.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.06108427 = fieldWeight in 38, product of:
          2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
            4.0 = termFreq=4.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=38)
    0.017030627 = weight(_text_:software in 38) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.017030627 = score(doc=38,freq=2.0), product of:
        0.15541996 = queryWeight, product of:
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.10957812 = fieldWeight in 38, product of:
          1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
            2.0 = termFreq=2.0
          3.9671519 = idf(docFreq=2274, maxDocs=44218)
          0.01953125 = fieldNorm(doc=38)
  0.22222222 = coord(2/9)

Abstract

Automatisches Klassifizieren von Textdokumenten bedeutet die maschinelle Zuordnung jeweils einer oder mehrerer Notationen eines vorgegebenen Klassifikationssystems zu natürlich-sprachlichen Texten mithilfe eines geeigneten Algorithmus. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird in Form einer umfassenden Literaturstudie ein aktueller Kenntnisstand zu den Ein-satzmöglichkeiten des automatischen Klassifizierens für die sachliche Erschliessung von elektronischen Dokumenten, insbesondere von Web-Ressourcen, erarbeitet. Dies betrifft zum einen den methodischen Aspekt und zum anderen die in relevanten Projekten und Anwendungen gewonnenen Erfahrungen. In methodischer Hinsicht gelten heute statistische Verfahren, die auf dem maschinellen Lernen basieren und auf der Grundlage bereits klassifizierter Beispieldokumente ein Modell - einen "Klassifikator" - erstellen, das zur Klassifizierung neuer Dokumente verwendet werden kann, als "state-of-the-art". Die vier in den 1990er Jahren an den Universitäten Lund, Wolverhampton und Oldenburg sowie bei OCLC (Dublin, OH) durchgeführten "grossen" Projekte zum automatischen Klassifizieren von Web-Ressourcen, die in dieser Arbeit ausführlich analysiert werden, arbeiteten allerdings noch mit einfacheren bzw. älteren methodischen Ansätzen. Diese Projekte bedeuten insbesondere aufgrund ihrer Verwendung etablierter bibliothekarischer Klassifikationssysteme einen wichtigen Erfahrungsgewinn, selbst wenn sie bisher nicht zu permanenten und qualitativ zufriedenstellenden Diensten für die Erschliessung elektronischer Ressourcen geführt haben. Die Analyse der weiteren einschlägigen Anwendungen und Projekte lässt erkennen, dass derzeit in den Bereichen Patent- und Mediendokumentation die aktivsten Bestrebungen bestehen, Systeme für die automatische klassifikatorische Erschliessung elektronischer Dokumente im laufenden operativen Betrieb einzusetzen. Dabei dominieren jedoch halbautomatische Systeme, die menschliche Bearbeiter durch Klassifizierungsvorschläge unterstützen, da die gegenwärtig erreichbare Klassifizierungsgüte für eine Vollautomatisierung meist noch nicht ausreicht. Weitere interessante Anwendungen und Projekte finden sich im Bereich von Web-Portalen, Suchmaschinen und (kommerziellen) Informationsdiensten, während sich etwa im Bibliothekswesen kaum nennenswertes Interesse an einer automatischen Klassifizierung von Büchern bzw. bibliographischen Datensätzen registrieren lässt. Die Studie schliesst mit einer Diskussion der wichtigsten Projekte und Anwendungen sowie einiger im Zusammenhang mit dem automatischen Klassifizieren relevanter Fragestellungen und Themen.

Footnote

Rez. in: VÖB-Mitteilungen 58(2005) H.3, S.102-104 (R.F. Müller); ZfBB 53(2006) H.5, S.282-283 (L. Svensson): "Das Sammeln und Verzeichnen elektronischer Ressourcen gehört in wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken längst zum Alltag. Parallel dazu kündigt sich ein Paradigmenwechsel bei den Findmitteln an: Um einen effizienten und benutzerorientierten Zugang zu den gemischten Kollektionen bieten zu können, experimentieren einige bibliothekarische Diensteanbieter wie z. B. das hbz (http://suchen.hbz-nrw.de/dreilaender/), die Bibliothek der North Carolina State University (www.lib.ncsu.edu/) und demnächst vascoda (www.vascoda.de/) und der Librarians-Internet Index (www.lii.org/) zunehmend mit Suchmaschinentechnologie. Dabei wird angestrebt, nicht nur einen vollinvertierten Suchindex anzubieten, sondern auch das Browsing durch eine hierarchisch geordnete Klassifikation. Von den Daten in den deutschen Verbunddatenbanken ist jedoch nur ein kleiner Teil schon klassifikatorisch erschlossen. Fremddaten aus dem angloamerikanischen Bereich sind oft mit LCC und/oder DDC erschlossen, wobei die Library of Congress sich bei der DDCErschließung auf Titel, die hauptsächlich für die Public Libraries interessant sind, konzentriert. Die Deutsche Nationalbibliothek wird ab 2007 Printmedien und Hochschulschriften flächendeckend mit DDC erschließen. Es ist aber schon offensichtlich, dass v. a. im Bereich der elektronischen Publikationen die anfallenden Dokumentenmengen mit immer knapperen Personalressourcen nicht intellektuell erschlossen werden können, sondern dass neue Verfahren entwickelt werden müssen. Hier kommt Oberhausers Buch gerade richtig. Seit Anfang der 1990er Jahre sind mehrere Projekte zum Thema automatisches Klassifizieren durchgeführt worden. Wer sich in diese Thematik einarbeiten wollte oder sich für die Ergebnisse der größeren Projekte interessierte, konnte bislang auf keine Überblicksdarstellung zurückgreifen, sondern war auf eine Vielzahl von Einzeluntersuchungen sowie die Projektdokumentationen angewiesen. Oberhausers Darstellung, die auf einer Fülle von publizierter und grauer Literatur fußt, schließt diese Lücke. Das selbst gesetzte Ziel, einen guten Überblick über den momentanen Kenntnisstand und die Ergebnisse der einschlägigen Projekte verständlich zu vermitteln, erfüllt der Autor mit Bravour. Dabei ist anzumerken, dass er ein bibliothekarisches Grundwissen und mindestens grundlegende Kenntnisse über informationswissenschaftliche Grundbegriffe und Fragestellungen voraussetzt, wobei hier für den Einsteiger einige Hinweise auf einführende Darstellungen wünschenswert gewesen wären.
Zum Inhalt Auf einen kurzen einleitenden Abschnitt folgt eine Einführung in die grundlegende Methodik des automatischen Klassifizierens. Oberhauser erklärt hier Begriffe wie Einfach- und Mehrfachklassifizierung, Klassen- und Dokumentzentrierung, und geht danach auf die hauptsächlichen Anwendungen der automatischen Klassifikation von Textdokumenten, maschinelle Lernverfahren und Techniken der Dimensionsreduktion bei der Indexierung ein. Zwei weitere Unterkapitel sind der Erstellung von Klassifikatoren und den Methoden für deren Auswertung gewidmet. Das Kapitel wird abgerundet von einer kurzen Auflistung einiger Softwareprodukte für automatisches Klassifizieren, die sowohl kommerzielle Software, als auch Projekte aus dem Open-Source-Bereich umfasst. Der Hauptteil des Buches ist den großen Projekten zur automatischen Erschließung von Webdokumenten gewidmet, die von OCLC (Scorpion) sowie an den Universitäten Lund (Nordic WAIS/WWW, DESIRE II), Wolverhampton (WWLib-TOS, WWLib-TNG, Old ACE, ACE) und Oldenburg (GERHARD, GERHARD II) durchgeführt worden sind. Der Autor beschreibt hier sehr detailliert - wobei der Detailliertheitsgrad unterschiedlich ist, je nachdem, was aus der Projektdokumentation geschlossen werden kann - die jeweilige Zielsetzung des Projektes, die verwendete Klassifikation, die methodische Vorgehensweise sowie die Evaluierungsmethoden und -ergebnisse. Sofern Querverweise zu anderen Projekten bestehen, werden auch diese besprochen. Der Verfasser geht hier sehr genau auf wichtige Aspekte wie Vokabularbildung, Textaufbereitung und Gewichtung ein, so dass der Leser eine gute Vorstellung von den Ansätzen und der möglichen Weiterentwicklung des Projektes bekommt. In einem weiteren Kapitel wird auf einige kleinere Projekte eingegangen, die dem für Bibliotheken besonders interessanten Thema des automatischen Klassifizierens von Büchern sowie den Bereichen Patentliteratur, Mediendokumentation und dem Einsatz bei Informationsdiensten gewidmet sind. Die Darstellung wird ergänzt von einem Literaturverzeichnis mit über 250 Titeln zu den konkreten Projekten sowie einem Abkürzungs- und einem Abbildungsverzeichnis. In der abschließenden Diskussion der beschriebenen Projekte wird einerseits auf die Bedeutung der einzelnen Projekte für den methodischen Fortschritt eingegangen, andererseits aber auch einiges an Kritik geäußert, v. a. bezüglich der mangelnden Auswertung der Projektergebnisse und des Fehlens an brauchbarer Dokumentation. So waren z. B. die Projektseiten des Projekts GERHARD (www.gerhard.de/) auf den Stand von 1998 eingefroren, zurzeit [11.07.06] sind sie überhaupt nicht mehr erreichbar. Mit einigem Erstaunen stellt Oberhauser auch fest, dass - abgesehen von der fast 15 Jahre alten Untersuchung von Larsen - »keine signifikanten Studien oder Anwendungen aus dem Bibliotheksbereich vorliegen« (S. 139). Wie der Autor aber selbst ergänzend ausführt, dürfte dies daran liegen, dass sich bibliografische Metadaten wegen des geringen Textumfangs sehr schlecht für automatische Klassifikation eignen, und dass - wie frühere Ergebnisse gezeigt haben - das übliche TF/IDF-Verfahren nicht für Katalogisate geeignet ist (ibd.).

0.0023403284 = product of:
  0.021062955 = sum of:
    0.021062955 = weight(_text_:of in 4913) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.021062955 = score(doc=4913,freq=22.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.34381276 = fieldWeight in 4913, product of:
          4.690416 = tf(freq=22.0), with freq of:
            22.0 = termFreq=22.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4913)
  0.11111111 = coord(1/9)

Content

Covers: indexing principles and practice; precoordinate indexes; consistency and quality of indexing; types and functions of abstracts; writing an abstract; evaluation theory and practice; approaches used in indexing and abstracting services; indexing enhancement; natural language in information retrieval; indexing and abstracting of imaginative works; databases of images and sound; automatic indexing and abstracting; the future of indexing and abstracting services

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 57(2006) no.1, S.144-145 (H. Saggion): "... This volume is a very valuable source of information for not only students and professionals in library and information science but also for individuals and institutions involved in knowledge management and organization activities. Because of its broad coverage of the information science topic, teachers will find the contents of this book useful for courses in the areas of information technology, digital as well as traditional libraries, and information science in general."

Imprint

Champaign, IL : Graduate School of Library and Information Science

0.0022560726 = product of:
  0.020304654 = sum of:
    0.020304654 = weight(_text_:of in 3346) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
      0.020304654 = score(doc=3346,freq=46.0), product of:
        0.061262865 = queryWeight, product of:
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03917671 = queryNorm
        0.33143494 = fieldWeight in 3346, product of:
          6.78233 = tf(freq=46.0), with freq of:
            46.0 = termFreq=46.0
          1.5637573 = idf(docFreq=25162, maxDocs=44218)
          0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=3346)
  0.11111111 = coord(1/9)

Abstract

The World Wide Web is rapidly filling with more text than anyone could have imagined even a short time ago, but the task of isolating relevant parts of this vast information has become just that much more daunting. Richard Belew brings a cognitive perspective to the study of information retrieval as a discipline within computer science. He introduces the idea of Finding Out About (FDA) as the process of actively seeking out information relevant to a topic of interest and describes its many facets - ranging from creating a good characterization of what the user seeks, to what documents actually mean, to methods of inferring semantic clues about each document, to the problem of evaluating whether our search engines are performing as we have intended. Finding Out About explains how to build the tools that are useful for searching collections of text and other media. In the process it takes a close look at the properties of textual documents that do not become clear until very large collections of them are brought together and shows that the construction of effective search engines requires knowledge of the statistical and mathematical properties of linguistic phenomena, as well as an appreciation for the cognitive foundation we bring to the task as language users. The unique approach of this book is its even handling of the phenomena of both numbers and words, making it accessible to a wide audience. The textbook is usable in both undergraduate and graduate classes on information retrieval, library science, and computational linguistics. The text is accompanied by a CD-ROM that contains a hypertext version of the book, including additional topics and notes not present in the printed edition. In addition, the CD contains the full text of C.J. "Keith" van Rijsbergen's famous textbook, Information Retrieval (now out of print). Many active links from Belew's to van Rijsbergen's hypertexts help to unite the material. Several test corpora and indexing tools are provided, to support the design of your own search engine. Additional exercises using these corpora and code are available to instructors. Also supporting this book is a Web site that will include recent additions to the book, as well as links to sites of new topics and methods.