Search (33 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

In the future, frontier research in many fields will increasingly require the collaboration of globally distributed groups of researchers needing access to distributed computing, data resources and support for remote access to expensive, multi-national specialized facilities such as telescopes and accelerators or specialist data archives. There is also a general belief that an important road to innovation will be provided by multi-disciplinary and collaborative research - from bio-informatics and earth systems science to social science and archaeology. There will also be an explosion in the amount of research data collected in the next decade - 100's of Terabytes will be common in many fields. These future research requirements constitute the 'eResearch' agenda. Powerful software services will be widely deployed on top of the academic research networks to form the necessary 'Cyberinfrastructure' to provide a collaborative research environment for the global academic community. The difficulties in combining data and information from distributed sources, the multi-disciplinary nature of research and collaboration, and the need to move to present researchers with tooling that enable them to express what they want to do rather than how to do it highlight the need for an ecosystem of Semantic Computing technologies. Such technologies will further facilitate information sharing and discovery, will enable reasoning over information, and will allow us to start thinking about knowledge and how it can be handled by computers. This talk will review the elements of this vision and explain the need for semantic-oriented computing by exploring eResearch projects that have successfully applied relevant technologies. It will also suggest that a software + service model with scientific services delivered from the cloud will become an increasingly accepted model for research.

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Abstract

The current and future applications and implications of the Internet within and for libraries are indicated. Aspects of the virtual library are considered, followed by the impact of the Internet on aspects of library holdings. Features of online access, including search engine performance, are noted and collection development effects pointed out. Security issues, including pornography and copyright are described, and finally future implications of the Internet for libraries, through home versus library use and discussion groups, and influences on the Internet of library science are discussed.

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Abstract

In this research study, Nemertes performed an independent in-depth analysis of Internet and IP infrastructure (which we call capacity) and current and projected traffic (which we call demand) with the goal of understanding how each has changed over time, and determining if there will ever be a point at which demand exceeds capacity. To assess infrastructure capacity, we reviewed details of carrier expenditures and vendor revenues, and compared these against market research studies. To compute demand, we took a unique approach: Instead of modeling user behavior based on measuring the application portfolios that users had currently deployed, and projecting deployment of those applications in future, we looked directly at how user consumption of available bandwidth has changed over time.

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Abstract

A review of the future of academic libraries that draws initially on a generic model to describe the components of all library systems. Touches upon some economic changes and looks for evidence in statistical trends derived from United Kingdom reportage. From this extrapolates scenarios relating to the function of libraries as a collection of resources, as a physical place, its role in organising information and its service function. Library collections will continue to exist but described in different ways, whilst physical collections will mutate into multi-functional spaces. Knowledge management will become increasingly important and the overriding shift will be towards a service and support role. The librarian's role is also discussed and changes summarised.

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Abstract

Will traditional forms of communication seamlessly migrate to the Web? Liew, Foo, and Chennupati report that the top-ranked features of e-journals are those not available in paper journals: querying, navigation, and visualization.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.1, S.22-35

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Abstract

Library of Congress Subject Headings (LCSH), a system originally designed as a tool for subject access to the Library's own collection in the late nineteenth century, has become, in the course of the last century, the main subject retrieval tool in library catalogs throughout the United States and in many other countries. It is one of the largest non-specialized controlled vocabularies in the world. As LCSH enters a new century, it faces an information environment that has undergone vast changes from what had prevailed when LCSH began, or, indeed, from its state in the early days of the online age. In order to continue its mission and to be useful in spheres outside library catalogs as well, LCSH must adapt to the multifarious environment. One possible approach is to adopt a series of scalable and flexible syntax and application rules to meet the needs of different user communities

Date

27. 5.2001 16:22:21

Source

The LCSH century: one hundred years with the Library of Congress Subject Headings system. Ed.: A.T.Stone

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Abstract

This paper explores cataloging in the Age of Google. It considers what the technologies now being adopted mean for cataloging in the future. The author begins by exploring how digital-era students do research-they find using Google easier than using libraries. Mass digitization projects now are bringing into question the role that library cataloging has traditionally performed. The author asks readers to consider if the detailed attention librarians have been paying to descriptive cataloging can still be justified, and if cost-effective means for access should be considered.

Date

10. 9.2000 17:38:22

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Abstract

The range, depths and limits of what we know depend on the media with which we attempt to record our knowledge. This essay begins with a brief review of developments in a) media: stone, manuscripts, books and digital media, to trace how collections of recorded knowledge expanded to 235,000 in 1837 and have expanded to over 100 million unique titles in a single database including over 1 billion individual listings in 2007. The advent of digital media has brought full text scanning and electronic networks, which enable us to consult digital books and images from our office, home or potentially even with our cell phones. These magnificent developments raise a number of concerns and new challenges. An historical survey of major projects that changed the world reveals that they have taken from one to eight centuries. This helps explain why commercial offerings, which offer useful, and even profitable short-term solutions often undermine a long-term vision. New technologies have the potential to transform our approach to knowledge, but require a vision of a systematic new approach to knowledge. This paper outlines four ingredients for such a vision in the European context. First, the scope of European observatories should be expanded to inform memory institutions of latest technological developments. Second, the quest for a European Digital Library should be expanded to include a distributed repository, a digital reference room and a virtual agora, whereby memory institutions will be linked with current research;. Third, there is need for an institute on Knowledge Organization that takes up anew Otlet's vision, and the pioneering efforts of the Mundaneum (Brussels) and the Bridge (Berlin). Fourth, we need to explore requirements for a Universal Digital Library, which works with countries around the world rather than simply imposing on them an external system. Here, the efforts of the proposed European University of Culture could be useful. Ultimately we need new systems, which open research into multiple ways of knowing, multiple "knowledges". In the past, we went to libraries to study the recorded world. In a world where cameras and sensors are omnipresent we have new recording worlds. In future, we may also use these recording worlds to study the riches of libraries.

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Date

22. 2.2003 12:25:38

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Date

22. 2.2008 13:28:00

Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 55(2008) H.1, S.18-22

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Date

22. 7.2009 13:22:50

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Abstract

A synthesis of some of the themes and ideas developed in a recently published book about the future of information: i in the sky: visions of the information future. Common themes included: problems in defining information and defining future time-scales, the ubiquity of information, accessibility, privacy censorship and control, customisation ofinformation products, the development of the World Wide Web, artificial intelligence and cybernetics, changes in working roles and structures of organisations, information literacy, information overload and the organisation and retrieval of information.

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Abstract

This paper discusses the ontology of the document and questions whether or not our understanding of the concept of a document has changed now that more and more information is transmitted through increasingly digital means. Moreover, the argument is advanced that the identity of librarians is bound up with the future of the document. Not merely should librarians be changing their roles as a reaction to new technologies but they need to be proactive in embracing change and not in any way resisting it. The paper focuses on the theory of the ontology of documents. A number of ideas will be discussed including the thoughts of Michael Buckland in his seminal paper 'What is a Document' (1997), and further discussion will draw on the work of Michel Foucault (1972), Ludwig Wittgenstein (1958, 1969) and more recently Ziming Liu (2004) among others. Is the concept of a document essentially the same or has the transformation of document to e-document brought about a fundamental change in its nature. The paper goes on to discuss the more practical nature of documents and the role of the librarian. There follows a brief review of a range of types of document, including: E-journals, E-books, and considers the prospect that Extensible Markup Language (XML) offers a technological vehicle for the advent of an E-collection - this being an aggregation of different document mediums. The notion of the delivery of this information to the user (consumer) is then considered and with it the role of librarian. Waaijers (2002) has argued that a consequence of digitisation has brought with it issues of ownership and responsibility, and refers to XML as offering the possibility of "anatomising the internal structure of the document." In the concluding part to this paper some speculative thoughts are advanced on what might be possible outcomes regarding the changing perceptions of what a document might be. Could the Modern Librarian's identity and function be inextricably linked to the concept of the document? Finally it is suggested that further research to gather empirical evidence could involve a comparative study of the providers of information and the users of information focussing on their respective concepts of a document.

Source

Librarianship in the information age: Proceedings of the 13th BOBCATSSS Symposium, 31 January - 2 February 2005 in Budapest, Hungary. Eds.: Marte Langeland u.a

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Content

"Umfrage unter Nobelpreisträgern bestätigt den Internet-Trend - Zum ersten Mal wurden Nobelpreisträger weltweit nach ihrer Einschätzung zu den Auswirkungen des Internet bis in das Jahr 2020 befragt. 71 Preisträger aus allen Kategorien nahmen an der Untersuchung teil, um der Frage nachzuspüren, wie das Zusammenspiel von Internet, Bildung und Innovation in den nächsten 20 Jahren die Welt beeinflussen wird. Den Preisträgern zufolge hat das Internet auch in Zukunft weiterhin einen positiven Einfluß auf die Verbreitung von Wissen und Bildung sowie auf den allgemeinen wirtschaftlichen Wohlstand. - Grenzenlose Kommunikation - Im Zentrum der Umfrage standen die Themen Bildung, Innovationen und Lebensstandard. 93 Prozent der Befragten denken, daß das Internet die grenzüberschreitende Kommunikation verbessern wird. Auf diese Art werden ihrer Meinung nach Barrieren fallen, die im Moment noch zwischen Kulturkreisen bestehen. Auf lange Sicht ergäben sich ökonomische Vorteile für die Bevölkerung. 72 Prozent der Befragten zufolge birgt das Internet für Menschen in Entwicklungsländern mehr Möglichkeiten, am ökonomischen Aufschwung teilzuhaben. Die Studie wurde von Princeton Survey Research Associates (PSRA) im Auftrag von Cisco Systems durchgeführt. Fast ein Drittel aller lebenden Nobelpreisträger nahm daran teil. Rob Lloyd, President von Cisco Systems Europa: "Die Umfrage gibt uns einen Eindruck davon, wie einige der größten Denker unserer Zeit die Möglichkeiten des Internet einschätzen, die Welt zu verändern." - Internet beeinflußt die Arbeit nachhaltig - Als potenzielle Gefahren durch das Internet sehen die Preisträger die Verletzung der Privatsphäre (65 Prozent), eine wachsende Entfremdung (51 Prozent) sowie größere politische oder wirtschaftliche Ungleichheit (44 Prozent). Dennoch faßt die Mehrheit der Befragten das Internet als positiv auf. 85 Prozent gaben an, daß ihre eigene Arbeit und ihr Leben positiv durch das Internet beeinflußt werden. Die meisten Preisträger (89 Prozent) benutzen einen Computer, das Internet und E-Mail zur Kommunikation. 69 Prozent sind der Ansicht, daß sie mit Hilfe des Internet ihre Arbeiten schneller fertig stellen konnten. "Die Umfrageergebnisse sind deswegen so bedeutend, da die meisten der Preisträger ohne Computer oder Internet aufgewachsen sind.", so Mary McIntosh, Vizepräsidentin bei PSRA. "Das Durchschnittsalter der Befragten beträgt 72 Jahre." - E-Learning gehört die Zukunft - Das Internet wird Bildung und Lernmöglichkeiten verbessern, indem virtuelle Klassenzimmer entstehen. Dies wurde von 74 Prozent der Befragten angegeben. Innovationen werden den meisten Preisträgern zufolge beschleunigt und der Stand der Wissenschaft erweitert (82 Prozent). Fast alle Preisträger (93 Prozent) sind der Meinung, daß das Internet einen verbesserten Zugang zu Bibliotheken, Informationen und Lehrkörpern eröffnen wird."

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Abstract

This thought piece on the future of cataloging is long on musings and short on predictions. But that isn't to denigrate it, only to clarify it's role given the possible connotations of the title. Rather than coming up with solutions or predictions, Marcum ponders the proper role of cataloging in a Google age. Marcum cites the Google project to digitize much or all of the contents of a selected set of major research libraries as evidence that the world of cataloging is changing dramatically, and she briefly identifies ways in which the Library of Congress is responding to this new environment. But, Marcum cautions, "the future of cataloging is not something that the Library of Congress, or even the small library group with which we will meet, can or expects to resolve alone." She then poses some specific questions that should be considered, including how we can massively change our current MARC/AACR2 system without creating chaos

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Content

"Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.

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Abstract

Under the leadership of Ruth Carter's generation, cooperative, shared cataloging grew and flourished among academic and research libraries. The authors provide an overview of trends and challenges from a golden age of expanding budgets and international cooperation during the 1970's and 1980's and later responses to the economic retrenchment and demographic changes of the 1990's and early 2000's. Responses to current challenges, including the impact of outsourced cataloging, increasing complexity of cataloging rules, and emerging technological options, are discussed.

Footnote

Simultaneously published as Cataloger, Editor, and Scholar: Essays in Honor of Ruth C. Carter

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Abstract

Purpose - To argue that theoretical models from non-LIS disciplines can be of practical benefit to practitioner LIS research. In the area of digitisation collection development policy, such models highlight the importance of digital library preservation issues. Design/methodology/approach - An application of formal models from cultural theories derived from structuralism and semiotics to LIS problems. Findings - Theoretical models from non-LIS disciplines help illustrate and understand problems such as developing information literacy in the digital library environment or creating a balance between the need to develop new digital collections and the preservation of the digital collections which have already been created. Research limitations/implications - This is a theoretical argument that could be tested by practical case study investigation. Practical implications - The paper suggests that resourcing should be applied to digital preservation activity rather than a fresh round of digitisation of print originals, the preservation implications of which are uncertain. Originality/value - This paper gives some original perspectives on practical LIS challenges by applying abstract ideas from the area of cultural theory and applied linguistics.

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Content

"MONDION, France - One warm afternoon in the late 19th century, two middle-aged office clerks met an the same bench of the Boulevard Bourdon in Paris and, immediately became the best of friends. Bouvard and Pécuchet (the names Gustave Flaubert gave to his two comic heroes) discovered through their friendship a common purpose: the pursuit of universal knowledge: To achieve this ambitious goal, they attempted to read every thing they could find on every branch of human endeavor and, from their readings, cull the most outstanding facts and ideas. Flaubert's death in 1880 put an end to their enterprise, which was in essence endiess, but not before the two brave explorers had read their way through many learned volumes an agriculture, literature, animal husbandry, medicine, archeology and politics, always with disappointing results. What Flaubert's two Clowns discovered is what we have always known but seldom believed: that the accumulation of knowledge isn't knowledge. The desire to know everything an earth and in heaven is so ancient that one of the earliest accounts of this ambition is already a cautionary-tale. According to the 11th chapter of Genesis, after the Flood, the people of the earth journeyed east, to the land of Shinar, and decided to build a City and a tower that would reach the heavns. According to the Sanhedrin (the council of Jewish elders set up in Jerusalem in the first century), the place rohere the tower once rose never lost its peculiar quality and whoever passes it forgets all he knows. Years ago, I was shown a small hill of rubble outside the walls of Babylon and told that this was all that remained of Babel.
If Babel symbolized our incommensurate ambition, the Library of Alexandria showed how this Ambition might be achieved. Set up by Ptolemy I in the third century B.C., it was meant to hold every book an every imaginable subject. To ensure that no title escaped its vast catalog. a royal decree ordered that any book brought into the City was to be confiscated and copied; only then would the original (sometimes the copy) be returned. A curious document from the second century B.C., the perhaps apocryphal "Letter of Aristeas," recounts the library's origins. To assemble a universal library (says the letter), King Ptolemy wrote "to all the sovereigns and governors an earth" begging them to send to him every kind of book by every kind of author, "poets and prose writers, rhetoricians and sophists, doctors and soothsayers, historians and all others, too." The king's librarians calculated that they required 500.000 scrolls if they were to collect in Alexandria "all the books of all the peoples of the world." But even this (by our standards) modest stock of a half-million books was too much for any reader. The librarians of Alexandria devised a system of annotated catalogs for which they chose works, they deemed especially important, and appended a brief description to each title - one of the earliest "recommended reading" lists. In Alexandria, it became clear that the greater your ambition, the narrower your scope. But our ambition persists recently, the most popular Internet search service. Google, announced that it had concluded agreements with several leading research libraries to make some of their books available online to researchers.
The practical arguments for such a step are irrefutable: quantity, speed, precision, on-demand availability are no doubt important to the scholar: And new technologies need not be exclusionary. The invention of photography did not eliminate painting, it renewed it, and no doubt the screen and the reference books can feed oft Bach other and coexist amicably an the same reader's desk. All we need to do is remember the corollaries tethe arguments in favor of a virtual library:" that reading, in orderto allow reflection, requires slowness, depth and context; that leafing through a material book or roaming through material shelves is an intimate part of the craft; that the omnipresent electronic technology is still fragile and that, as it changes. we keep losing the possibility of retrieving that which was once stored in now outdated containers. We can still read the words an papyrus ashes saved from the charred ruins of Pompeii; we don't know for how lung it will be possible to read a text inscribed in a 2004 CD. This is not a complaint just a reminder. Jorge Luis Berges invented a Bouvard-and-Pécuchet-like charafter who tries to compile a universal encyclopedia so complete that nothing world be excluded from it. In the end, like his French forerunners, he falls. but not entirely. On the evening an which he gives up bis great project. he hires. a horse and buggy and takes a tour of the city. He sees brick walls, ordinary people. houses, a river, a marketplace and feels that somehow all these things are his own work. He realizes that his project was not impossible but merely redundant. The world encyclopedia, the universal library, already exists and is the world itself."

Footnote

Beilage zur Süddeutschen Zeitung. - Mit einer Abbildung: The Library of Alexandria, established in the third century B.C., amassed an imposing collection of 500.000 books.

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Abstract

The author takes on the assertion posed in recent educational articles that technology is driving down book circulation and contributing to the decline of reading-center learning. In his interview with Richard Cochran, Dean of the Ferris State University Library for Information, Technology, and Education, the two discuss the importance of incorporating technology to support all types of learning, and using faculty buy-in to insure that as many media as possible are integrated into the final building design.

Content

Part of a Special Issue: Accessibility of web-based information resources for people with disabilities: part 2. Vgl. auch unter: http://www.emeraldinsight.com/10.1108/07378830210452668.