-
Xiong, C.: Knowledge based text representations for information retrieval (2016)
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- Abstract
- The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
This proposal includes plans to improve the quality of relevant entities with a co-learning framework that learns from both entity labels and document labels. We also plan to develop a hybrid ranking system that combines word based and entity based representations together with their uncertainties considered. At last, we plan to enrich the text representations with connections between entities. We propose several ways to infer entity graph representations for texts, and to rank documents using their structure representations. This dissertation overcomes the limitation of word based representations with external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases. We believe this thesis research is a solid start towards the new generation of intelligent, semantic, and structured information retrieval.
- Content
- Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.
- Imprint
- Pittsburgh, PA : Carnegie Mellon University, School of Computer Science, Language Technologies Institute
-
Chalmers, D.J.: ¬The conscious mind : in search of a fundamental theory (1996)
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- Abstract
- What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
- LCSH
- Philosophy of mind
Mind and body
- RSWK
- Philosophy of Mind
Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
- Series
- Philosophy of mind series
- Subject
- Philosophy of Mind
Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
Philosophy of mind
Mind and body
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
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- Abstract
- Document representations for text classification are typically based on the classical Bag-Of-Words paradigm. This approach comes with deficiencies that motivate the integration of features on a higher semantic level than single words. In this paper we propose an enhancement of the classical document representation through concepts extracted from background knowledge. Boosting is used for actual classification. Experimental evaluations on two well known text corpora support our approach through consistent improvement of the results.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
- Source
- Proceedings of the 4th IEEE International Conference on Data Mining (ICDM 2004), 1-4 November 2004, Brighton, UK
-
Manzi, S.: Classifying philosophy at the Library of the Scuola Normale Superiore (Pisa, Italy) : Part B: evaluation and experience (2009)
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- Abstract
- The verification of the functionality of the Philosophy classification schema adopted at the Library of the Scuola Normale Superiore needs to take into account the context: the Library is both a special and a multidisciplinary library; its collections reflect the history of the SNS. The philosophy collection has a specialized and selective nature, as do others within the same Library; the Library is open shelves, and classification is used as a shelving and location device. Bearing in mind the above conditions, the second part of this paper examines the strengths and weaknesses of the schema in order to highlight its suitability to match a coherent classification of documents with the effective fruition by the users.
- Date
- 9. 1.2010 14:22:20
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes "The philosophy of classifying philosophy"
-
Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents
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- Abstract
- In this paper, we present two ways to improve the precision of HITS-based algorithms onWeb documents. First, by analyzing the limitations of current HITS-based algorithms, we propose a new weighted HITS-based method that assigns appropriate weights to in-links of root documents. Then, we combine content analysis with HITS-based algorithms and study the effects of four representative relevance scoring methods, VSM, Okapi, TLS, and CDR, using a set of broad topic queries. Our experimental results show that our weighted HITS-based method performs significantly better than Bharat's improved HITS algorithm. When we combine our weighted HITS-based method or Bharat's HITS algorithm with any of the four relevance scoring methods, the combined methods are only marginally better than our weighted HITS-based method. Between the four relevance scoring methods, there is no significant quality difference when they are combined with a HITS-based algorithm.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.
- Source
- WWW '02: Proceedings of the 11th International Conference on World Wide Web, May 7-11, 2002, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
-
Dreyfus, H.L.: From micro-worlds to knowledge representation : AI at an impasse (1981)
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- Imprint
- Cambridge, Mass. : Massachusetts Inst. of Technology Pr.
- Source
- Mind design: philosophy, psychology, artificial intelligence. Ed. by J. Haugeland
-
Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978)
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- Abstract
- In this lecture I intend to challenge those who uphold a monist or even a dualist view of the universe; and I will propose, instead, a pluralist view. I will propose a view of the universe that recognizes at least three different but interacting sub-universes.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
-
Ishikawa, S.: ¬A final solution to the mind-body problem by quantum language (2017)
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- Abstract
- Recently we proposed "quantum language", which was not only characterized as the metaphysical and linguistic turn of quantum mechanics but also the linguistic turn of Descartes = Kant epistemology. And further we believe that quantum language is the only scientifically successful theory in dualistic idealism. If this turn is regarded as progress in the history of western philosophy (i.e., if "philosophical progress" is defined by "approaching to quantum language"), we should study the linguistic mind-body problem more than the epistemological mind-body problem. In this paper, we show that to solve the mind-body problem and to propose "measurement axiom" in quantum language are equivalent. Since our approach is always within dualistic idealism, we believe that our linguistic answer is the only true solution to the mind-body problem.
- Source
- Journal of quantum information science. 7(2017) no.2, S.48 [http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperInformation.aspx?PaperID=76391]
-
Verwer, K.: Freiheit und Verantwortung bei Hans Jonas (2011)
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- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.
-
Malsburg, C. von der: Concerning the neuronal code (2018)
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- Abstract
- The central problem with understanding brain and mind is the neural code issue: understanding the matter of our brain as basis for the phenomena of our mind. The richness with which our mind represents our environment, the parsimony of genetic data, the tremendous efficiency with which the brain learns from scant sensory input and the creativity with which our mind constructs mental worlds all speak in favor of mind as an emergent phenomenon. This raises the further issue of how the neural code supports these processes of organization. The central point of this communication is that the neural code has the form of structured net fragments that are formed by network self-organization, activate and de-activate on the functional time scale, and spontaneously combine to form larger nets with the same basic structure.
- Date
- 27.12.2020 16:56:22
- Source
- Journal of cognitive science. 19(2018) no.4, S.511-550
-
Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
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- Abstract
- Although service-oriented architectures go a long way toward providing interoperability in distributed, heterogeneous environments, managing semantic differences in such environments remains a challenge. We give an overview of the issue of semantic interoperability (integration), provide a semantic characterization of services, and discuss the role of ontologies. Then we analyze four basic models of semantic interoperability that differ in respect to their mapping between service descriptions and ontologies and in respect to where the evaluation of the integration logic is performed. We also provide some guidelines for selecting one of the possible interoperability models.
- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
-
Searle, J.R.: ¬Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes (1993)
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- Footnote
- Originaltitel: The rediscovery of the mind. Weitere Ausgabe bei Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch ; 2550)
- RSWK
- Philosophy of Mind
- Subject
- Philosophy of Mind
-
Bettella, C.; Carrara, M.: Classifications: on philosophers and librarians (2009)
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- Abstract
- Consider the following argument: (Premise 1) If a librarian is a classifier and (Premise 2) a librarian classifies (among the other things) the documents of a library, and (Premise 3) to classify documents is equivalent to classifying the objects of a knowledge base, but (Premise 4) to classify the objects of a knowledge base is equivalent to producing an ontology, or is equivalent to doing some ontological engineering, then (Conclusion) a classifier- i.e. a librarian-is an ontologist. The same train of thought can be followed for those disciplinary experts who support librarians in activities like classification. Thus, librarians and experts are classifiers, and if classifiers are ontologists, librarians and experts are ontologists. Here the problem arises: which specific kind of ontology is in the librarian's mind? Which one in the expert's mind? We argue that the librarians' ontology is completely different from the expert's. Experts' ontology is a thematic ontology, librarians' ontology is generalistic. This conclusion is particularly clear in the philosophical case.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes "The philosophy of classifying philosophy"
-
Intentionalität zwischen Subjektivität und Weltbezug (2003)
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- Abstract
- Die Intentionalität bzw. der repräsentationale Gehalt mentaler Zustände und sprachlicher Äußerungen steht nach wie vor im Zentrum der Sprachphilosophie und der Philosophie des Geistes. Auf das Problem der Naturalisierbarkeit von Intentionalität ist heute der Funktionalismus die vorherrschende Antwort, der jedoch von zwei Seiten her in Frage gestellt wird: zum einen von jenen, die eine externalistische Individuierung mentaler Zustände propagieren und damit einer intern-funktionalistischen Individuierung widersprechen, und zum andern von jenen, die argumentieren, dass sich der phänomenale Charakter mentaler Zustände funktionalistisch nicht beschreiben lässt. Die Erörterung dieser Fragen wird zudem von der Schwierigkeit überlagert, dass sich nur über eine Untersuchung der komplexen Formen der Zuschreibung intentionaler Zustände erschließt, wovon bei intentionalen Zuständen die Rede ist. Die im Band versammelten Beiträge kreisen um die genannten Probleme und legen die aktuellen Auffassungen prominenter deutscher Philosophen zu diesen Fragen dar. Mit Beiträgen von: A. Beckermann, D. Bodrozic, U. Haas-Spohn, H.-D. Heckmann, F. Hofmann, H Kamp, A. Kemmerling, N. Kompa, M. Kupffer, T. Metzinger, U. Meyer, A. Newen, M. Nida-Rümelin, K. Saporiti, M. Siebel, W. Spohn, M. Textor.
- LCSH
- Intentionality (Philosophy) / Congresses ; Subjectivity / Congresses
- RSWK
- Intentionalität / Subjektivität / Philosophy of Mind
- Subject
- Intentionalität / Subjektivität / Philosophy of Mind
Intentionality (Philosophy) / Congresses ; Subjectivity / Congresses
-
Open MIND (2015)
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- Abstract
- This is an edited collection of 39 original papers and as many commentaries and replies. The target papers and replies were written by senior members of the MIND Group, while all commentaries were written by junior group members. All papers and commentaries have undergone a rigorous process of anonymous peer review, during which the junior members of the MIND Group acted as reviewers. The final versions of all the target articles, commentaries and replies have undergone additional editorial review. Besides offering a cross-section of ongoing, cutting-edge research in philosophy and cognitive science, this collection is also intended to be a free electronic resource for teaching. It therefore also contains a selection of online supporting materials, pointers to video and audio files and to additional free material supplied by the 92 authors represented in this volume. We will add more multimedia material, a searchable literature database, and tools to work with the online version in the future. All contributions to this collection are strictly open access. They can be downloaded, printed, and reproduced by anyone.
- Date
- 27. 1.2015 11:48:22
- Imprint
- Frankfurt am Main : MIND Group
-
Jacob, E.K.: ¬The legacy of pragmatism : implications for knowledge organization in a pluralistic universe (2000)
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- Abstract
- Although postmodernist philosophy is frequently characterized as unconstrained relativism and radical skepticism, It shares with pragmatism a strong antipathy to modernity's separation of mind and body, of subject and object, of the human and the material. The criticisms raised by postmodernism have significant implications for current understandings of classification theory and practice. The critical tenets of pragmatism provide an epistemological framework for the development of classificatory structures that will address current failings and respond to the demands of an increasingly interdisciplinary store of knowledge
- Pages
- S.16-22
- Source
- Dynamism and stability in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 6th International ISKO-Conference, 10-13 July 2000, Toronto, Canada. Ed.: C. Beghtol et al
-
Searle, J.R.: Geist : eine Einführung (2006)
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- Abstract
- Kaum ein Gebiet der modernen Philosophie ist komplexer, kaum eines wird kontroverser diskutiert als die Philosophie des Geistes. Wie in keiner anderen philosophischen Disziplin manifestieren sich hier zudem die Konflikte zwischen zwei scheinbar unversöhnlichen Welten: der Welt des Geistes bzw. der Geisteswissenschaften und der Welt des Gehirns bzw. der modernen Naturwissenschaften. Mit John R. Searle hat nun einer der Großmeister des Fachs eine historisch-systematische Einführung geschrieben, die zugleich eine neue Sicht auf dieses "wichtigste Thema der gegenwärtigen Philosophie" bietet. Ausgehend von "Descartes und anderen Katastrophen", präpariert Searle zwölf zentrale Probleme der Philosophie des Geistes, verwirft selbst die einflußreichsten Theorien und schlägt eigene Lösungen jenseits der Zwei-Welten-Lehre vor. Entstanden sind provozierende Analysen etwa des klassischen Leib- Seele-Problems und des Zusammenhangs zwischen Bewußtsein und Neurobiologie. Dem Unbewußten ist ebenso ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet wie der Wahrnehmung und dem schwierigen Problem der mentalen Verursachung. Searles temperamentvoll geschriebenes Buch, das nicht mit Kritik an eingefahrenen Denkmustern geizt und mit einem Minimum an philosophischem Jargon auskommt, ist eine umfassende Einführung in die Philosophie des Geistes für Studierende und ein Lesevergnügen für jeden, der sich für die tiefen Fragen der Philosophie interessiert. "Die zeitgenössische Philosophie des Geistes ist insofern einzigartig, als die berühmtesten und einflußreichsten Theorien auf diesem Gebiet falsch sind."
- Footnote
- Originaltitel: Mind
- LCSH
- Philosophy of Mind
- RSWK
- Philosophy of Mind / Einführung
- Subject
- Philosophy of Mind / Einführung
Philosophy of Mind
-
Northoff, G.: ¬The spontaneous brain : from the mind-body to the world-brain problem (2018)
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- Abstract
- Philosophers have long debated the mind-body problem whether to attribute such mental features as consciousness to mind or to body. Meanwhile, neuroscientists search for empirical answers, seeking neural correlates for consciousness, self, and free will. In this book, Georg Northoff does not propose new solutions to the mind-body problem; instead, he questions the problem itself, arguing that it is an empirically, ontologically, and conceptually implausible way to address the existence and reality of mental features. We are better off, he contends, by addressing consciousness and other mental features in terms of the relationship between world and brain; philosophers should consider the world-brain problem rather than the mind-body problem. This calls for a Copernican shift in vantage point from within the mind or brain to beyond the brain in our consideration of mental features. Northoff, a neuroscientist, psychiatrist, and philosopher, explains that empirical evidence suggests that the brain's spontaneous activity and its spatiotemporal structure are central to aligning and integrating the brain within the world. This spatiotemporal structure allows the brain to extend beyond itself into body and world, creating the world-brain relation? that is central to mental features. Northoff makes his argument in empirical, ontological, and epistemic-methodological terms. He discusses current models of the brain and applies these models to recent data on neuronal features underlying consciousness and proposes the world-brain relation as the ontological predisposition for consciousness.
- LCSH
- Mind and body
Neurosciences / Philosophy
- Subject
- Mind and body
Neurosciences / Philosophy
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Abstract
- A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
- Content
- Originally published July 1981 as Internal Report 81-2, Dept. of Neurobiology, Max-Planck-Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, 3400 Gottingen, W.-Germany.
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008)
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- Abstract
- "Wer überhaupt spricht oder schreibt, sollte sich verständlich ausdrücken. Das ist eine auf den ersten Blick einleuchtende Forderung. denn wozu äußert er sich, wenn er nicht verstanden werden will?" (Luhmann 2005, 193) So einfach scheint unser Problem zu sein - doch so einfach ist es nicht.
- Content
- Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
