-
Wettlauf der Wissenschaft (2004)
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- Content
- "Jahrzehntelang galt die USA als Platzhirsch in der Forschungswelt. Egal ob es um Patente oder Nobelpreise ging, ihre Adressaten lebten und arbeiteten zumeist in Nordamerika. Jüngste Zahlen zeigen aber, dass diese Vormachtstellung am Bröckeln ist und Europa und vor allem Asien aufholen. Die globale US-Dominanz könnte zumindest im wissenschaftlichen Bereich bald der Vergangenheit angehören. Während in Österreich gerade die Forschungsförderung restrukturiert wird, machen sich die USA trotz rekordverdächtiger Förderbudgets Sorgen um ihre wissenschaftliche Schlagkraft. Nach einem Artikel in der NewYork Times büsst die USA ihre Führungsrolle in Forschung und Entwicklung zusehends ein. Zwar kommen weiterhin die meisten Patente aus Nordamerika, doch sank deren Anteil an den weltweit angemeldeten Patenten von 60,2% (1980) auf 51,8% (2003). Besonders erfolgreich in diesem Feld sind die asiatischen Ländern, allen voran Japan, das seinen Anteil in den letzten 20 Jahren beinahe verdoppeln konnte. Auch bei den wissenschaftlichen Publikationen holt die nicht englischsprachige WeIt auf. So sank zum Beispiel der Anteil US-amerikanischer Autoren bei Physical Reviewvon über 60% in den 80er Jahren auf unter 30% im letzten Jahr. Auch hier holen besonders Forscher aus Asien stark auf. Allein China reicht jedes Jahr über 1.000 Beiträge bei Physical Review ein, sagt Martin Blume, Herausgeber der Zeitschriften der American Physical Society. Der Anteil der USA an den jährlich vergebenen Nobelpreisen sank in den letzten 30 Jahren ebenfalls deutlich auf knapp über 50%. Asien holt auf: Während Europa die amerikanische Führungsrolle eher vorsichtig herausfordert, hat sich in Asien ein regelrechter Boom entwickelt. Die Zahl der abgeschlossenen naturwissenschaftlichen und techni schen Doktorate verdoppelte sich in Asien in nur zehn Jahren, während die Abschlüsse in Europa und den USA stagnieren oder sogar zurückgehen. Steigender Lebensstandard in den Zentren aller Weltregionen und mobilitätsfeindliche Einreisebestimmungen als Folge des "Kriegs gegen den Terror" führen auch dazu, dass Jungwissenschaftler aus China, Indien oder Taiwan nach Abschluss ihrer Ausbildung in den USA verstärkt in ihre Heimatregion zurückkehren. Die amerikanische Wirtschaft reagiert auf diesen Trend zunehmend mit der Auslagerung von Forschungseinrichtungen in diese Länder. In Zeiten der Globalisierung zeigt sich daran aber auch die Schwäche nationalstaatlich orientierter Statistiken."
- Source
- Online Mitteilungen. 2004, Nr.79, S.22-23 [=Mitteilungen VÖB 57(2004) H.2]
-
Nicolaisen, J.: Citation analysis (2007)
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- Date
- 13. 7.2008 19:53:22
-
Van der Veer Martens, B.: Do citation systems represent theories of truth? (2001)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 15:22:28
-
Lewison, G.: ¬The work of the Bibliometrics Research Group (City University) and associates (2005)
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- Date
- 20. 1.2007 17:02:22
-
Raan, A.F.J. van: Statistical properties of bibliometric indicators : research group indicator distributions and correlations (2006)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 16:20:22
-
Larivière, V.; Gingras, Y.; Archambault, E.: ¬The decline in the concentration of citations, 1900-2007 (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 19:22:35
-
Thelwall, M.; Ruschenburg, T.: Grundlagen und Forschungsfelder der Webometrie (2006)
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- Date
- 4.12.2006 12:12:22
-
Rostaing, H.; Barts, N.; Léveillé, V.: Bibliometrics: representation instrument of the multidisciplinary positioning of a scientific area : Implementation for an Advisory Scientific Committee (2007)
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- Date
- 30.12.2007 11:22:39
-
Levitt, J.M.; Thelwall, M.: Citation levels and collaboration within library and information science (2009)
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- Abstract
- Collaboration is a major research policy objective, but does it deliver higher quality research? This study uses citation analysis to examine the Web of Science (WoS) Information Science & Library Science subject category (IS&LS) to ascertain whether, in general, more highly cited articles are more highly collaborative than other articles. It consists of two investigations. The first investigation is a longitudinal comparison of the degree and proportion of collaboration in five strata of citation; it found that collaboration in the highest four citation strata (all in the most highly cited 22%) increased in unison over time, whereas collaboration in the lowest citation strata (un-cited articles) remained low and stable. Given that over 40% of the articles were un-cited, it seems important to take into account the differences found between un-cited articles and relatively highly cited articles when investigating collaboration in IS&LS. The second investigation compares collaboration for 35 influential information scientists; it found that their more highly cited articles on average were not more highly collaborative than their less highly cited articles. In summary, although collaborative research is conducive to high citation in general, collaboration has apparently not tended to be essential to the success of current and former elite information scientists.
- Date
- 22. 3.2009 12:43:51
-
Burrell, Q.L.: Predicting future citation behavior (2003)
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- Date
- 29. 3.2003 19:22:48
-
Leydesdorff, L.: Can networks of journal-journal citations be used as indicators of change in the social sciences? (2003)
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- Date
- 6.11.2005 19:02:22
-
Asonuma, A.; Fang, Y.; Rousseau, R.: Reflections on the age distribution of Japanese scientists (2006)
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- Date
- 22. 7.2006 15:26:24
-
Haycock, L.A.: Citation analysis of education dissertations for collection development (2004)
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- Date
- 10. 9.2000 17:38:22
-
Chan, H.C.; Kim, H.-W.; Tan, W.C.: Information systems citation patterns from International Conference on Information Systems articles (2006)
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- Date
- 3. 1.2007 17:22:03
-
H-Index auch im Web of Science (2008)
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- Date
- 6. 4.2008 19:04:22
-
Mingers, J.; Burrell, Q.L.: Modeling citation behavior in Management Science journals (2006)
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- Date
- 26.12.2007 19:22:05
-
Althouse, B.M.; West, J.D.; Bergstrom, C.T.; Bergstrom, T.: Differences in impact factor across fields and over time (2009)
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- Date
- 23. 2.2009 18:22:28
-
Zhang, Y.; Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.: Identification of factors predicting clickthrough in Web searching using neural network analysis (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 17:49:11
-
Camacho-Miñano, M.-del-Mar; Núñez-Nickel, M.: ¬The multilayered nature of reference selection (2009)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 19:05:07
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Raan, A.F.J. van: Scaling rules in the science system : influence of field-specific citation characteristics on the impact of research groups (2008)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2009 19:03:12
