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Abstract

This study investigated Simon's behavioral decisionmaking theories of bounded rationality and satisficing in relation to young people's decision making in the World Wide Web, and considered the role of personal preferences in Web-based decisions. It employed a qualitative research methodology involving group interviews with 22 adolescent females. Data analysis took the form of iterative pattern coding using QSR NUD*IST Vivo qualitative data analysis software. Data analysis revealed that the study participants did operate within the limits of bounded rationality. These limits took the form of time constraints, information overload, and physical constraints. Data analysis also uncovered two major satisficing behaviors-reduction and termination. Personal preference was found to play a major role in Web site evaluation in the areas of graphic/multimedia and subject content preferences. This study has related implications for Web site designers and for adult intermediaries who work with young people and the Web

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Abstract

This paper presents findings from a study of how knowledge workers use the Web to seek external information as part of their daily work. 34 users from 7 companies took part in the study. Participants were mainly IT-specialists, managers, and research/marketing/consulting staff working in organizations that included a large utility company; a major bank, and a consulting firm. Participants answered a detailed questionnaire and were interviewed individually in order to understand their information needs and information seeking preferences. A custom-developed WebTracker software application was installed on each of their work place PCs, and participants' Web-use activities were then recorded continuously during two-week periods

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Abstract

HTTP server log files provide Web site operators with substantial detail regarding the visitors to their sites. Interest in interpreting this data has spawned an active market for software packages that summarize and analyze this data, providing histograms, pie graphs, and other charts summarizing usage patterns. While useful, these summaries obscure useful information and restrict users to passive interpretation of static displays. Interactive starfield visualizations can be used to provide users with greater abilities to interpret and explore web log data. By combining two-dimensional displays of thousands of individual access requests, color and size coding for additional attributes, and facilities for zooming and filtering, these visualizations provide capabilities for examining data that exceed those of traditional web log analysis tools. We introduce a series of interactive starfield visualizations, which can be used to explore server data across various dimensions. Possible uses of these visualizations are discussed, and difficulties of data collection, presentation, and interpretation are explored

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Abstract

Little research has compared youngsters' use of CD-ROM and the Internet for information-seeking purposes. Nevertheless, the area has recently been addressed within a largely qualitative project more generally devoted to young people's information universes. Home access to the Internet was seen to be more limited than that to CD-ROM, although the former was consulted to tackle needs of a greater number of types. The strategies employed to exploit each form of information resource were essentially similar. No attempts were reported to check the credibility of any information retrieved from electronic sources. The Internet was, however, used more frequently beyond the informants' own homes than was CD-ROM. There was also greater employment of the Internet by adults acting an the youngsters' behalf. As Internet use for school purposes rose in accordance with age, that of CD-ROM declined. When youngsters themselves compared the two resources as information-seeking tools, CD-ROM software was criticized for its lack of detailed material and the Internet for the problems in locating what was desired. Project findings have implications in a range of areas, including the marketing of CD-ROM packages, research and development and practices within schools.

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Date

18.11.2014 13:22:03

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Abstract

Die Notwendigkeit des professionellen Einsatzes von empirischen Methoden als Grundvoraussetzung für den Entwurf und die Gestaltung von Informationsdiensten, Informationsprodukten und Informationssystemen ist seit den frühen sechzigerfahren in der Informationsarbeit erkannt worden. Anfänglich wurde - ausgedrückt durch die Bezeichnung "Benutzerforschung" oder "fachliche Rezipientenforschung" -versucht, den Informationsbedarfvon unterschiedlichen Benutzergruppen (im Rahmen einer Typologie der Benutzer von Informationssystemen) zu messen und aufgrund dieser Daten zu Einschätzungen von Art, Menge, Umfang und Tiefe von Informationsbedürfnissen zu gelangen. "Benutzerforschung sollte den Lebensweg von Informationsprodukten beziehungsweise Informationsdiensten begleiten. Sie kann erste Anregungen geben, sie liefert Entscheidungshilfen im Planungsstadium und kontrolliert dann, ob, wo und wie sich der geplante Erfolg tatsächlich eingestellt hat." In den siebziger und achtziger Jahren traten dann Fragestellungen in den Vordergrund, die den allgemeinen Nutzen der Information und besonders der Strukturen und Prozesse der Informationsvermittlung empirisch zu beschreiben versuchten. Darüber hinaus wurden mit dem in den siebziger Jahren dann vollzogenen Einsatz der Informationsund Kommunikationstechnologien in den Bibliotheken und Informationsstellen Fragestellungen wichtig, die unter dem Begriff "Kommunikationsanalysen" etwa die Ansätze der Informationsbedarfsmessung mit der empirischen Analyse des Einsatzes von Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien verbanden. Ein weiteres Einsatzfeld empirischer Untersuchungen ergab sich aus dem langsamen Entstehen eines Marktes für elektronische Informationsprodukte, wodurch sowohl empirische Marktforschungsstrategien als auch empirische Marketingansätze in die Informationsarbeit hineingetragen wurden. Schließlich traten Untersuchungen der Benutzerfreundlichkeit von Informationssystemen und ihrer Bedienbarkeit sowie dann die allgemeinen Kriterien der Softwareergonomie hinzu. Ferner werden seit den 90er Jahren durch die Nutzung des Internets als Angebotsmedium Aspekte der Kundenorientierung und Fragen der empirischen Nutzungsforschung und der Bedienungsfreundlichkeit (Usability) zunehmend wichtiger. Dementsprechend haben sich auch die Begrifflichkeiten für die Benutzerforschung in Bibliotheken gewandelt: Von Benutzung, Benutzerbedürfnisse, Benutzerforschung, Benutzerfreundlichkeit über Benutzerorientierung, Benutzerzufriedenheit, Benchmarking, Qualitätsmanagement, Bibliotheksmarketing hin zu Kundenorientierung, Kundenzufriedenheit, Service. Hinsichtlich der Internet-Angebote kamen dann Aspekte des Benutzerverhaltens und der Bedienungsfreundlichkeit der Software bzw der Benutzerschnittstellen hinzu. Allen Konzepten ist gemeinsam, dass sie im weitesten Sinne den Prozess der gesellschaftlichen Informationsvermittlung auf einer übergreifenden Ebene verstehbar machen: Aus der Sicht des Nutzers von Information, aus der Sicht manifester und latenter Informationsbedürfnisse, aus der Sicht technisch unterstützter fachlicher Informationsund Kommunikationsprozesse der Information und Dokumentation oder aus der Sicht technischer und ästhetischer Gestaltung. Diese hier grob unterschiedenen Ansätze werden nun unter dem Begriff Informationsanalyse zusammengefasst.

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Date

20. 1.2015 18:30:22