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Content

Automated support to indexing forms a continuum from computer support to clerical activities, quality control, intellectual activities and to full automatic indexing. Describes the current indexing environment and examines the need for automated support. Reports on case studies of various indexing services which are at different stages along the continuum. Describes academic and corporate research projects and commercial indexing software. Examines the future of related technologies and offers advice on how to get started on the continuum

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIS 44(1993) no.2, S.119-121 (B.H. Weinberg); International cataloguing and bibliographic control 22(1993) no.2, S.34 (E. Svenonius); Information processing and management 29(1993) no.4, S.528-531 (L.L.Hill)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 30(2003) no.2, S.115-116 (C. Jacobs): "This collection of articles by indexing practitioners, software designers and vendors is divided into five sections: Dedicated Software, Embedded Software, Online and Web Indexing Software, Database and Image Software, and Voice-activated, Automatic, and Machine-aided Software. This diversity is its strength. Part 1 is introduced by two chapters an choosing dedicated software, highlighting the issues involved and providing tips an evaluating requirements. The second chapter includes a fourteen page chart that analyzes the attributes of Authex Plus, three versions of CINDEX 1.5, MACREX 7, two versions of SKY Index (5.1 and 6.0) and wINDEX. The lasting value in this chart is its utility in making the prospective user aware of the various attributes/capabilities that are possible and that should be considered. The following chapters consist of 16 testimonials for these software packages, completed by a final chapter an specialized/customized software. The point is made that if a particular software function could increase your efficiency, it can probably be created. The chapters in Part 2, Embedded Software, go into a great deal more detail about how the programs work, and are less reviews than illustrations of functionality. Perhaps this is because they are not really stand-alones, but are functions within, or add-ons used with larger word processing or publishing programs. The software considered are Microsoft Word, FrameMaker, PageMaker, IndexTension 3.1.5 that is used with QuarkXPress, and Index Tools Professional and IXgen that are used with FrameMaker. The advantages and disadvantages of embedded indexing are made very clear, but the actual illustrations are difficult to follow if one has not worked at all with embedded software. Nonetheless, the section is valuable as it highlights issues and provides pointers an solutions to embedded indexing problems.
Part 3, Online and Web Indexing Software, opens with a chapter in which the functionalities of HTML/Prep, HTML Indexer, and RoboHELP HTML Edition are compared. The following three chapters look at them individually. This section helps clarify the basic types of non-database web indexing - that used for back-of-the-book style indexes, and that used for online help indexes. The first chapter of Part 4, Database and image software, begins with a good discussion of what database indexing is, but falls to carry through with any listing of general characteristics, problems and attributes that should be considered when choosing database indexing software. It does include the results of an informal survey an the Yahoogroups database indexing site, as well as three short Gase studies an database indexing projects. The survey provides interesting information about freelancing, but it is not very useful if you are trying to gather information about different software. For example, the most common type of software used by those surveyed turns out to be word-processing software. This seems an odd/awkward choice, and it would have been helpful to know how and why the non-specialized software is being used. The survey serves as a snapshot of a particular segment of database indexing practice, but is not helpful if you are thinking about purchasing, adapting, or commissioning software. The three case studies give an idea of the complexity of database indexing and there is a helpful bibliography.
A chapter an image indexing starts with a useful discussion of the elements of bibliographic description needed for visual materials and of the variations in the functioning and naming of functions in different software packaltes. Sample features are discussed in light of four different software systems: MAVIS, Convera Screening Room, CONTENTdm, and Virage speech and pattern recognition programs. The chapter concludes with an overview of what one has to consider when choosing a system. The last chapter in this section is an oddball one an creating a back-ofthe-book index using Microsoft Excel. The author warns: "It is not pretty, and it is not recommended" (p.209). A curiosity, but it should have been included as a counterpoint in the first part, not as part of the database indexing section. The final section begins with an excellent article an voice recognition software (Dragon Naturally Speaking Preferred), followed by a look at "automatic indexing" through a critique of Sonar Bookends Automatic Indexing Generator. The final two chapters deal with Data Harmony's Machine Aided Indexer; one of them refers specifically to a news content indexing system. In terms of scope, this reviewer would have liked to see thesaurus management software included since thesaurus management and the integration of thesauri with database indexing software are common and time-consuming concerns. There are also a few editorial glitches, such as the placement of the oddball article and inconsistent uses of fonts and caps (eg: VIRAGE and Virage), but achieving consistency with this many authors is, indeed, a difficult task. More serious is the fact that the index is inconsistent. It reads as if authors submitted their own keywords which were then harmonized, so that the level of indexing varies by chapter. For example, there is an entry for "controlled vocabulary" (p.265) (singular) with one locator, no cross-references. There is an entry for "thesaurus software" (p.274) with two locators, plus a separate one for "Thesaurus Master" (p.274) with three locators. There are also references to thesauri/ controlled vocabularies/taxonomies that are not mentioned in the index (e.g., the section Thesaurus management an p.204). This is sad. All too often indexing texts have poor indexes, I suppose because we are as prone to having to work under time pressures as the rest of the authors and editors in the world. But a good index that meets basic criteria should be a highlight in any book related to indexing. Overall this is a useful, if uneven, collection of articles written over the past few years. Because of the great variation between articles both in subject and in approach, there is something for everyone. The collection will be interesting to anyone who wants to be aware of how indexing software works and what it can do. I also definitely recommend it for information science teaching collections since the explanations of the software carry implicit in them descriptions of how the indexing process itself is approached. However, the book's utility as a guide to purchasing choices is limited because of the unevenness; the vendor-written articles and testimonials are interesting and can certainly be helpful, but there are not nearly enough objective reviews. This is not a straight listing and comparison of software packaltes, but it deserves wide circulation since it presents an overall picture of the state of indexing software used by freelancers."

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Footnote

Rez. in: Knowledge organization 22(1995) no.1, S.46-47 (R. Fugmann)

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Footnote

Rez. in: Indexer 22(2000) no.1, S.51 (R. Davis)

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Footnote

Ein Kapitel über HTML-Grundlagen ist für diejenigen Indexer gedacht, die sich in diesem Bereich bisher nicht oder wenig auskennen. Ein weiteres Kapitel verdeutlicht die HTML-Tags, die speziell für die Website-Index-Erstellung von Bedeutung sind. Die Erläuterungen zu Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) ist ausreichend, aber etwas knapp; hier wären einige CSS-Techniken für Fortgeschrittene von Interesse gewesen. Auf die Möglichkeiten von Konvertierungs-Tools (wie HTML/Prep), mit denen Dokumente ins HTML-Format umgewandelt werden können, sowie von Online Help Authoring Tools wird ebenfalls eingegangen. Sie bilden eine gute Ergänzung zu den indexspezifischen HTML-Erläuterungen. Das Thema XML ist bewusst ausgeschlossen worden, um sich vom Fokus des Buches nicht zu weit zu entfernen. Dennoch hätte man sich als Leser zumindest ein paar grundsätzliche Erläuterungen im Kontext zum Website-Indexing gewünscht. Ein Kapitel über Dedicated-IndexingSoftware behandelt deren Möglichkeiten einer Index-Erstellung für Websites. Die Autorin argumentiert überzeugend, dass die großen Vorteile dieser von Indexern weltweit am meisten eingesetzten Software deren mächtige Möglichkeiten zur Erstellung, Bearbeitung, Veränderung und Kontrolle von Index-Einträgen sind, was einer hohen Index-Qualität zugute kommt. Die HTML-Ausgabe-Optionen dieser Software-Art sind allerdings etwas eingeschränkter, so dass der Output oft einer Nachbearbeitung bedarf. Es folgen zwei Kapitel über spezielle Website-Indexing-Software. XRefHT (gesprochen: Shreft) ist eine Freeware, die von Prof. Timothy Craven (University of Western Ontario) entwickelt wurde. HTML Indexer ist eine kommerziell erhältliche Software. Detailliert erläutert werden, welche Elemente von Web-Seiten von den beiden Programmen für Index-Einträge berücksichtigt werden, wie Index-Einträge und Querverweise erstellt und bearbeitet und wie die Register aktualisiert werden können.

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Abstract

"Clearly details the conceptual and practical notions of controlled vocabularies. . provides a crash course for newcomers and offers experienced practitioners a common frame of reference. A valuable book." - Christine Connors, TriviumRLG LLC The Accidental Taxonomist is the most comprehensive guide available to the art and science of building information taxonomies. Heather Hedden-one of today's leading writers, instructors, and consultants on indexing and taxonomy topics-walks readers through the process, displaying her trademark ability to present highly technical information in straightforward, comprehensible English. Drawing on numerous real-world examples, Hedden explains how to create terms and relationships, select taxonomy management software, design taxonomies for human versus automated indexing, manage enterprise taxonomy projects, and adapt taxonomies to various user interfaces. The result is a practical and essential guide for information professionals who need to effectively create or manage taxonomies, controlled vocabularies, and thesauri. "A wealth of descriptive reference content is balanced with expert guidance. . Open The Accidental Taxonomist to begin the learning process or to refresh your understanding of the depth and breadth of this demanding discipline." - Lynda Moulton, Principal Consultant, LWM Technology Services "From the novice taxonomist to the experienced professional, all will find helpful, practical advice in The Accidental Taxonomist." - Trish Yancey, TCOO, Synaptica, LLC "This book squarely addresses the growing demand for and interest in taxonomy. ...Hedden brings a variety of background experience, including not only taxonomy construction but also abstracting and content categorization and creating back-of-the-book indexes. These experiences serve her well by building a broad perspective on the similarities as well as real differences between often overlapping types of work." - Marjorie M. K. Hlava, President and Chairman, Access Innovations, Inc., and Chair, SLA Taxonomy Division

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Abstract

6. In diesem Buch wird in den Kapiteln 2 bis 5 ein Grundkursus zur Theorie der Inhaltserschließung angeboten, wobei die Möglichkeiten und Grenzen von natursprachiger und indexsprachiger Ausdrucksweise geklärt werden, sowie auch der Unterschied zwischen Ausdruck und Begriff, zwischen den Recherchetypen von Erinnerung und Entdeckung, zwischen den Indexierungstypen von Zuteilung und Extraktion und auch der Unterschied zwischen Register und Konkordanz. Auf einer solchen Grundlage kann der Indexer besser den Nutzen der einzelnen Indexierungswerkzeuge abschätzen, sowie auch die nachteiligen Folgen, welche durch den Verzicht auf das eine oder das andere dieser Werkzeuge zwangsläufig eintreten. In der Literatur ist zwar der Standpunkt anzutreffen, dass "allzu viel Theorie" zu vermeiden sei, weil sie doch so "grau" sei. Aber wir schließen uns lieber dem Standpunkt des Physikers Ludwig Boltzmann an: "Nichts ist praktischer als Theorie", wenn eine solche Theorie das Beobachtbare erklären und das Zukünftige voraussagen kann. 7. Im Kapitel 7 werden die Bestandteile des Schlagwort-Registers in Gestalt von Schlagwort und Fundstelle, Untereintrag und Verweisung abgehandelt und das Zusammenfügen dieser Komponenten zum Register der herkömmlichen indikativen Art. Dieser Registertyp ist gekennzeichnet durch seine Beschränkungen bezüglich der Inanspruchnahme von Platz für den Druck und durch seine Beschränkungen bezüglich des Aufwandes an Zeit und Geld zu seiner Erstellung. Es werden die hiermit zwangläufig verbundenen Mängel dargelegt. 8. Im Kapitel 8 wird die Überwindung dieser Mängel durch die Einführung von reichlichen und ausführlichen Untereinträgen gezeigt. Das Register nimmt hierdurch einen ausgesprochen informativen Charakter an. Zugleich werden auf diesem Weg auch Wesen und Nutzen eines systematischen Registers dargelegt, welches zusätzlich zum herkömmlichen alphabetischen Register vorgelegt wird. 9. Die Möglichkeit zu alledem eröffnet sich dadurch, dass eine hochentwickelte Software eingesetzt wird und dass ein außergewöhnlicher Arbeitsaufwand aufseiten des Indexers nicht gescheut wird, verbunden mit entsprechend hohen Kosten. Dieser Aufwand ist erforderlich für die Formulierung von zahlreichen und ausführlichen Untereinträgen, zum Aufbau eines systematischen, thesaurusgestützten Schlagwort-Vokabulars und für eine besonders sorgfältige Indexierung. 10. Dieses Modell eines kompletten informativen Registers ist als eine Art Werkzeugkasten zu verstehen, aus welchem man diejenigen gedanklichen und technischen Werkzeuge auswählen und miteinander kombinieren kann, welche der jeweils herrschenden Bedarfslage am besten angemessen sind. Man wird von diesen Werkzeugen besonders dann ausgiebig Gebrauch machen, wenn hohe Anforderungen an die Treffsicherheit und Leichtigkeit der Recherche gestellt werden, Anforderungen, welche mit einem Register der herkömmlichen indikativen Art nicht erfüllbar sind. Der hohe Aufwand für ein gutes Register ist natürlich nur dann gerechtfertigt, wenn aufseiten der Leser auch wirklich Bedarf zum Nachschlagen besteht. Man wird kein Register für ein Buch anlegen, welches nur zur Unterhaltung und Erbauung gelesen und dann für alle Zeiten beiseite gelegt wird.