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Weller, K.: Knowledge representation in the Social Semantic Web (2010)
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- Abstract
- The main purpose of this book is to sum up the vital and highly topical research issue of knowledge representation on the Web and to discuss novel solutions by combining benefits of folksonomies and Web 2.0 approaches with ontologies and semantic technologies. This book contains an overview of knowledge representation approaches in past, present and future, introduction to ontologies, Web indexing and in first case the novel approaches of developing ontologies. This title combines aspects of knowledge representation for both the Semantic Web (ontologies) and the Web 2.0 (folksonomies). Currently there is no monographic book which provides a combined overview over these topics. focus on the topic of using knowledge representation methods for document indexing purposes. For this purpose, considerations from classical librarian interests in knowledge representation (thesauri, classification schemes etc.) are included, which are not part of most other books which have a stronger background in computer science.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.4, S.205-206 (C. Carstens): "Welche Arten der Wissensrepräsentation existieren im Web, wie ausgeprägt sind semantische Strukturen in diesem Kontext, und wie können soziale Aktivitäten im Sinne des Web 2.0 zur Strukturierung von Wissen im Web beitragen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Wellers Buch mit dem Titel Knowledge Representation in the Social Semantic Web. Der Begriff Social Semantic Web spielt einerseits auf die semantische Strukturierung von Daten im Sinne des Semantic Web an und deutet andererseits auf die zunehmend kollaborative Inhaltserstellung im Social Web hin. Weller greift die Entwicklungen in diesen beiden Bereichen auf und beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen, die aus der Kombination der Aktivitäten im Semantic Web und im Social Web entstehen. Der Fokus des Buches liegt dabei primär auf den konzeptuellen Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Kontext ergeben. So strebt die originäre Vision des Semantic Web die Annotation aller Webinhalte mit ausdrucksstarken, hochformalisierten Ontologien an. Im Social Web hingegen werden große Mengen an Daten von Nutzern erstellt, die häufig mithilfe von unkontrollierten Tags in Folksonomies annotiert werden. Weller sieht in derartigen kollaborativ erstellten Inhalten und Annotationen großes Potenzial für die semantische Indexierung, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Retrieval im Web. Das Hauptinteresse des Buches besteht daher darin, eine Brücke zwischen den Wissensrepräsentations-Methoden im Social Web und im Semantic Web zu schlagen. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, gliedert sich das Buch in drei Teile. . . .
Insgesamt besticht das Buch insbesondere durch seine breite Sichtweise, die Aktualität und die Fülle an Referenzen. Es ist somit sowohl als Überblickswerk geeignet, das umfassend über aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends der Wissensrepräsentation im Semantic und Social Web informiert, als auch als Lektüre für Experten, für die es vor allem als kontextualisierte und sehr aktuelle Sammlung von Referenzen eine wertvolle Ressource darstellt." Weitere Rez. in: Journal of Documentation. 67(2011), no.5, S.896-899 (P. Rafferty)
- LCSH
- Semantic Web
- Object
- Web 2.0
- RSWK
- Semantic Web
World Wide Web 2.0
- Subject
- Semantic Web
World Wide Web 2.0
Semantic Web
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Peters, I.: Folksonomies : indexing and retrieval in Web 2.0 (2009)
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- Abstract
- Kollaborative Informationsdienste im Web 2.0 werden von den Internetnutzern nicht nur dazu genutzt, digitale Informationsressourcen zu produzieren, sondern auch, um sie inhaltlich mit eigenen Schlagworten, sog. Tags, zu erschließen. Dabei müssen die Nutzer nicht wie bei Bibliothekskatalogen auf Regeln achten. Die Menge an nutzergenerierten Tags innerhalb eines Kollaborativen Informationsdienstes wird als Folksonomy bezeichnet. Die Folksonomies dienen den Nutzern zum Wiederauffinden eigener Ressourcen und für die Recherche nach fremden Ressourcen. Das Buch beschäftigt sich mit Kollaborativen Informationsdiensten, Folksonomies als Methode der Wissensrepräsentation und als Werkzeug des Information Retrievals.
- Footnote
- Zugl.: Düsseldorf, Univ., Diss., 2009 u.d.T.: Peters, Isabella: Folksonomies in Wissensrepräsentation und Information Retrieval Rez. in: IWP - Information Wissenschaft & Praxis, 61(2010) Heft 8, S.469-470 (U. Spree): "... Nachdem sich die Rezensentin durch 418 Seiten Text hindurch gelesen hat, bleibt sie unentschieden, wie der auffällige Einsatz langer Zitate (im Durchschnitt drei Zitate, die länger als vier kleingedruckte Zeilen sind, pro Seite) zu bewerten ist, zumal die Zitate nicht selten rein illustrativen Charakter haben bzw. Isabella Peters noch einmal zitiert, was sie bereits in eigenen Worten ausgedrückt hat. Redundanz und Verlängerung der Lesezeit halten sich hier die Waage mit der Möglichkeit, dass sich die Leserin einen unmittelbaren Eindruck von Sprache und Duktus der zitierten Literatur verschaffen kann. Eindeutig unschön ist das Beenden eines Gedankens oder einer Argumentation durch ein Zitat (z. B. S. 170). Im deutschen Original entstehen auf diese Weise die für deutsche wissenschaftliche Qualifikationsarbeiten typischen denglischen Texte. Für alle, die sich für Wissensrepräsentation, Information Retrieval und kollaborative Informationsdienste interessieren, ist "Folksonomies : Indexing and Retrieval in Web 2.0" trotz der angeführten kleinen Mängel zur Lektüre und Anschaffung - wegen seines beinahe enzyklopädischen Charakters auch als Nachschlage- oder Referenzwerk geeignet - unbedingt zu empfehlen. Abschließend möchte ich mich in einem Punkt der Produktinfo von de Gruyter uneingeschränkt anschließen: ein "Grundlagenwerk für Folksonomies".
- Object
- Web 2.0
- RSWK
- World Wide Web 2.0
- Subject
- World Wide Web 2.0
-
Web 2.0 in der Unternehmenspraxis : Grundlagen, Fallstudien und Trends zum Einsatz von Social-Software (2009)
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- Abstract
- Social Software Anwendungen wie Wikis, Weblogs oder Social-Networking-Plattformen sind ein integraler Bestandteil der Weiterentwicklungen des Internets. Zur Nutzung kommen diese Anwendungen aus dem Bedürfnis heraus, Wissen zu sammeln, bereitzustellen und zu verteilen bzw. Communities aufzubauen und ihnen Raum zum Austausch zu geben. Worin liegt nun aber der Nutzen des Web 2.0 für Unternehmen? Im Rahmen dieses Buches werden von rund 30 Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis vier große Themenbereiche behandelt, um sich der Beantwortung dieser Frage zu nähern.Im Einführungsteil werden die Grundlagen gelegt und unterschiedliche Social-Software-Anwendungen wie Wikis, Weblogs oder Social Bookmarking erläutert. Im darauf folgenden Abschnitt rücken die Potenziale der Anwendung in Unternehmen und die Wissensarbeiter als Nutzer in den Fokus. Welche Unternehmenskultur und Kompetenzen sind notwendig, um effizient mit Social Software im Unternehmen arbeiten zu können? Wie wird Social Software im Unternehmen eingeführt?Der dritte Teil des Buches befasst sich mit konkreten Anwendungsfällen in Unternehmen. Fallstudien aus großen und kleinen Unternehmen wie z.B. IBM, Deutsche Bahn, Opel, SUN Microsystems und der PSI AG veranschaulicht. Im abschließenden Teil werden zukünftige Entwicklungen ausgelotet und Visionen gewagt.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.4, S.245-246 (C. Wolff): "Der von Andrea Back (St. Gallen), Norbert Gronau (Potsdam) und Klaus Tochtermann herausgegebene Sammelband "Web 2.0 in der Unternehmenspraxis" verbindet in schlüssiger Weise die systematische Einführung in die Themen Web 2.0 und social software mit der Darstellung von Möglichkeiten, solche neuen Informationssysteme für Veränderungen im Unternehmen zu nutzen und zeigt dies anhand einer ganzen Reihe einzelner Fallstudien auf. Auch zukünftige Anwendungen wie das social semantic web werden als Entwicklungschance erörtert. In einer knappen Einleitung werden kurz die wesentlichen Begriffe wie Web 2.0, social software oder "Enterprise 2.0" eingeführt und der Aufbau des Bandes wird erläutert. Das sehr viel umfangreichere zweite Kapitel führt in die wesentlichen Systemtypen der social software ein: Erläutert werden Wikis, Weblogs, Social Bookmarking, Social Tagging, Podcasting, Newsfeeds, Communities und soziale Netzwerke sowie die technischen Besonderheiten von social software. Die Aufteilung ist überzeugend, für jeden Systemtyp werden nicht nur wesentliche Funktionen, sondern auch typische Anwendungen und insbesondere das Potenzial zur Nutzung im Unternehmen, insbesondere mit Blick auf Fragen des Wissensmanagements erläutert. Teilweise können die Autoren auch aktuelle Nutzungsdaten der Systeme ergänzen. Auch wenn bei der hohen Entwicklungsdynamik der social software-Systeme ständig neue Formen an Bedeutung gewinnen, vermag die Einteilung der Autoren zu überzeugen.
Illustrieren die Fallstudien den aktuellen state-of-the-art vor allem großer Unernehmen, so geht das fünfte und abschließende Kapitel unter der Überschrift "Visionen und Trends" auf zukünftige Entwicklungen ein. Dabei stellen die Autoren zunächst das Verfahren der (Netzwerkanalyse vor, die einen Beitrag zum Verständnis von Struktur, Entwicklungsdynamik und Nutzung großer sozialer Netzwerke liefern kann, und schildern dann am praktischen Beispiel einer Großbäckerei den Ansatz einer living corporate landscape (Unternehmenslandkarte 2.0). Bei beiden Beispielen steht aber weniger der Einsatz von social software an sich im Vordergrund, sondern eher der Einsatz innovativer (Daten-)analytischer Verfahren und Repräsentationen, ggf. mit Bezug zu bestehenden social software-Anwendungen. Insofern wird deutlich, dass sich social software mit anderen Anwendungen im Bereich business intelligence koppeln lässt und so ein Mehrwert für die Unternehmen erzeugt werden kann. Zu den weiteren Technologien, die zukünftig social software-Anwendungen ergänzen können, zählen die Autoren virtuelle Welten und das semantic web, wodurch auch die Bandbreite künftiger Technologiekoppelungen im Umfeld der social software deutlich wird. Ein Glossar und ein sehr ausführliches Literaturverzeichnis runden den Band ab. Den Autoren gelingt es, anhand einer Vielzahl von Einzelstudien den aktuellen Stand des Einsatzes von Web 2.0-Anwendungen im Unternehmen darzustellen. Dass dabei tendenziell Großunternehmen im Mittelpunkt stehen, kann kaum verwundern, da anzunehmen ist, dass diese eher die Ressourcen verfügbaren haben, um solche Lösungen umzusetzen - und gleichzeitig mit der Unternehmensgröße auch die Dringlichkeit von Wissensmanagement-Maßnahmen wächst. Ungeachtet dieser Tatsache dürfte der Band aber gerade auch für kleinere Unternehmen oder Institutionen von Interesse sein, die aus den konkreten Erfahrungen, die in den Fallstudien geschildert werden, lernen wollen und sich dies für eigene Vorhaben zu Nutze machen wollen. Dabei ist der Band allerdings weniger ein Vademecum für die konkrete Umsetzung eines Web 2.0-Projektes, sondern dient der Einarbeitung in die heterogene Szenerie des derzeitigen Web 2.0-Einsatzes."
- Object
- Web 2.0
- RSWK
- Unternehmen / Wissensmanagement / Soziale Software / World Wide Web 2.0
- Subject
- Unternehmen / Wissensmanagement / Soziale Software / World Wide Web 2.0
-
Manning, C.D.; Raghavan, P.; Schütze, H.: Introduction to information retrieval (2008)
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- Abstract
- Class-tested and coherent, this textbook teaches information retrieval, including web search, text classification, and text clustering from basic concepts. Ideas are explained using examples and figures, making it perfect for introductory courses in information retrieval for advanced undergraduates and graduate students. Slides and additional exercises are available for lecturers. - This book provides what Salton and Van Rijsbergen both failed to achieve. Even more important, unlike some other books in IR, the authors appear to care about making the theory as accessible as possible to the reader, on occasion including short primers to certain topics or choosing to explain difficult concepts using simplified approaches. Its coverage [is] excellent, the quality of writing high and I was surprised how much I learned from reading it. I think the online resources are impressive.
- Content
- Inhalt: Boolean retrieval - The term vocabulary & postings lists - Dictionaries and tolerant retrieval - Index construction - Index compression - Scoring, term weighting & the vector space model - Computing scores in a complete search system - Evaluation in information retrieval - Relevance feedback & query expansion - XML retrieval - Probabilistic information retrieval - Language models for information retrieval - Text classification & Naive Bayes - Vector space classification - Support vector machines & machine learning on documents - Flat clustering - Hierarchical clustering - Matrix decompositions & latent semantic indexing - Web search basics - Web crawling and indexes - Link analysis Vgl. die digitale Fassung unter: http://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/pdf/irbookprint.pdf.
- LCSH
- Semantic Web
- RSWK
- Semantic Web (BVB)
World Wide Web / Suchmaschine (HBZ)
- Subject
- Semantic Web (BVB)
World Wide Web / Suchmaschine (HBZ)
Semantic Web
-
Witten, I.H.; Bainbridge, M.; Nichols, D.M.: How to build a digital library (2010)
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- Abstract
- "How to Build a Digital Library" is the only book that offers all the knowledge and tools needed to construct and maintain a digital library, regardless of the size or purpose. It is the perfectly self-contained resource for individuals, agencies, and institutions wishing to put this powerful tool to work in their burgeoning information treasuries. The second edition reflects new developments in the field as well as in the Greenstone Digital Library open source software. In Part I, the authors have added an entire new chapter on user groups, user support, collaborative browsing, user contributions, and so on. There is also new material on content-based queries, map-based queries, cross-media queries. There is an increased emphasis placed on multimedia by adding a 'digitizing' section to each major media type. A new chapter has also been added on 'internationalization', which will address Unicode standards, multi-language interfaces and collections, and issues with non-European languages (Chinese, Hindi, etc.). Part II, the software tools section, has been completely rewritten to reflect the new developments in Greenstone Digital Library Software, an internationally popular open source software tool with a comprehensive graphical facility for creating and maintaining digital libraries. As with the First Edition, a web site, implemented as a digital library, will accompany the book and provide access to color versions of all figures, two online appendices, a full-text sentence-level index, and an automatically generated glossary of acronyms and their definitions. In addition, demonstration digital library collections will be included to demonstrate particular points in the book. To access the online content please visit our associated website. This title outlines the history of libraries - both traditional and digital - and their impact on present practices and future directions. It is written for both technical and non-technical audiences and covers the entire spectrum of media, including text, images, audio, video, and related XML standards. It is web-enhanced with software documentation, color illustrations, full-text index, source code, and more.
- Content
- Orientation : the world of digital libraries -- People in digital libraries -- Presentation : user interfaces -- Textual documents: the raw material -- Multimedia : more raw material -- Metadata : elements of organization -- Interoperability : protocols and services -- Internationalization : the global challenge -- Visions : future, past, and present -- Greenstone digital library software. Building collections -- Operating and interoperating -- Design patterns for advanced user interfaces.
-
Frohner, H.: Social Tagging : Grundlagen, Anwendungen, Auswirkungen auf Wissensorganisation und soziale Strukturen der User (2010)
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- Series
- Web 2.0
-
Abbas, J.: Structures for organizing knowledge : exploring taxonomies, ontologies, and other schemas (2010)
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- Abstract
- LIS professionals use structures for organizing knowledge when they catalog and classify objects in the collection, when they develop databases, when they design customized taxonomies, or when they search online. Structures for Organizing Knowledge: Exploring Taxonomies, Ontologies, and Other Schema explores and explains this basic function by looking at three questions: 1) How do we organize objects so that they make sense and are useful? 2) What role do categories, classifications, taxonomies, and other structures play in the process of organizing? 3) What do information professionals need to know about organizing behaviors in order to design useful structures for organizing knowledge? Taking a broad, yet specialized approach that is a first in the field, this book answers those questions by examining three threads: traditional structures for organizing knowledge; personal structures for organizing knowledge; and socially-constructed structures for organizing knowledge. Through these threads, it offers avenues for expanding thinking on classification and classification schemes, taxonomy and ontology development, and structures. Both a history of the development of taxonomies and an analysis of current research, theories, and applications, this volume explores a wide array of topics, including the new digital, social aspect of taxonomy development. Examples of subjects covered include: Formal and informal structures Applications of knowledge structures Classification schemes Early taxonomists and their contributions Social networking, bookmarking, and cataloging sites Cataloging codes Standards and best practices Tags, tagging, and folksonomies Descriptive cataloging Metadata schema standards Thought exercises, references, and a list of helpful websites augment each section. A final chapter, "Thinking Ahead: Are We at a Crossroads?" uses "envisioning exercises" to help LIS professionals look into the future.
-
Reichenberger, K.: Kompendium semantische Netze : Konzepte, Technologie, Modellierung (2010)
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- RSWK
- Semantisches Netz / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
- Subject
- Semantisches Netz / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
-
Weinberger, D.: Too big to know : rethinking knowledge now that the facts aren't the facts, experts are everywhere, and the smartest person in the room is the room (2011)
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- Abstract
- In this title, a leading philosopher of the internet explains how knowledge and expertise can still work - and even grow stronger - in an age when the internet has made topics simply Too Big to Know. Knowing used to be so straightforward. If we wanted to know something we looked it up, asked an expert, gathered the facts, weighted the possibilities, and honed in on the best answer ourselves. But, ironically, with the advent of the internet and the limitless information it contains, we're less sure about what we know, who knows what, or even what it means to know at all. Knowledge, it would appear, is in crisis. And yet, while its very foundations seem to be collapsing, human knowledge has grown in previously unimaginable ways, and in inconceivable directions, in the Internet age. We fact-check the news media more closely and publicly than ever before. Science is advancing at an unheard of pace thanks to new collaborative techniques and new ways to find patterns in vast amounts of data. Businesses are finding expertise in every corner of their organization, and across the broad swath of their stakeholders. We are in a crisis of knowledge at the same time that we are in an epochal exaltation of knowledge. In "Too Big to Know", Internet philosopher David Weinberger explains that, rather than a systemic collapse, the Internet era represents a fundamental change in the methods we have for understanding the world around us. Weinberger argues that our notions of expertise - what it is, how it works, and how it is cultivated - are out of date, rooted in our pre-networked culture and assumptions. For thousands of years, we've relied upon a reductionist process of filtering, winnowing, and otherwise reducing the complex world to something more manageable in order to understand it. Back then, an expert was someone who had mastered a particular, well-defined domain. Now, we live in an age when topics are blown apart and stitched together by momentary interests, diverse points of view, and connections ranging from the insightful to the perverse. Weinberger shows that, while the limits of our own paper-based tools have historically prevented us from achieving our full capacity of knowledge, we can now be as smart as our new medium allows - but we will be smart differently. For the new medium is a network, and that network changes our oldest, most basic strategy of knowing. Rather than knowing-by-reducing, we are now knowing-by-including. Indeed, knowledge now is best thought of not as the content of books or even of minds, but as the way the network works. Knowledge will never be the same - not for science, not for business, not for education, not for government, not for any of us. As Weinberger makes clear, to make sense of this new system of knowledge, we need - and smart companies are developing - networks that are themselves experts. Full of rich and sometimes surprising examples from history, politics, business, philosophy, and science, "Too Big to Know" describes how the very foundations of knowledge have been overturned, and what this revolution means for our future.
-
Linde, F.; Stock, W.G.: Information markets : a strategic guideline for the i-commerce (2011)
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- Abstract
- Information Markets is a compendium of the i-commerce, the commerce with digital information, content as well as software. Information Markets is a comprehensive overview of the state of the art of economic and information science endeavors on the markets of digital information. It provides a strategic guideline for information providers how to analyse their market environment and how to develop possible strategic actions. It is a book for information professionals, both for students of LIS (Library and Information Science), CIS (Computer and Information Science) or Information Management curricula and for practitioners as well as managers in these fields.
-
Spitta, T.: Informationswirtschaft : eine Einführung (2006)
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- Abstract
- Dieses Lehrbuch für Studierende der Wirtschaftswissenschaften im Grundstudium bzw. in Bachelor-Studiengängen behandelt umfassend die betriebswirtschaftlichen und methodischen Grundlagen des Produktionsfaktors Information. Information ist im betrieblichen Kontext konkretisiert durch die Ressource Daten. Das Buch vermittelt anschaulich Prozesse (wie entstehen Daten?), Strukturen (wie sind Daten systematisiert und aufgebaut?) und Inhalte (was bedeuten die Daten betriebswirtschaftlich?). Es verwendet UML 2.0 als grafische Sprache und erläutert die grundlegenden Konzepte von XML. Die umfangreichen Beispiele basieren auf realen betrieblichen Fällen.
