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  • × theme_ss:"Information Resources Management"
  1. Wiley, D.L.: ¬The organizational politics of the World Wide Web (1998) 0.16
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    Abstract
    The international conflicts within an organization may hinder the successful design and set up of a WWW site. Looks at the 3 most common routes that an organization may take to get on the Web, and presents guidelines for how to overcome the organizational politics that get in the way
    Date
    22. 1.1999 18:41:46
  2. Fensel, D.: Ontologies : a silver bullet for knowledge management and electronic commerce (2004) 0.15
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    Abstract
    The author systematically introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internetbased electronic commerce. He also describes ontology languages (XML, RDF, and OWL) and ontology tools, and the application of ontologies. In addition to structural improvements, the second edition covers recent developments relating to the Semantic Web, and emerging web-based standard languages.
    Classification
    004.67/8 22
    DDC
    004.67/8 22
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Datenbanksystem / Abfrage / Inferenz <Künstliche Intelligenz>
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Datenbanksystem / Abfrage / Inferenz <Künstliche Intelligenz>
    Semantic Web
  3. DeRoure, D.: ¬An open framework for collaborative distributed information management (1998) 0.14
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    Abstract
    The MEMOIR project supports researchers working with a vast quantity of distributed information, by assisting them in finding both relevant documents and researchers with related interests. It is an open architecture based on the existing Web infrastructure. Key to the architecture is the use of proxies: to support message routing for dynamic reconfiguration and extension of the system, to collect information about the trail of documents that a user visits, and to insert links on the fly. Presents the MEMOIR framework and its rationale, and discusses early experiences with the system
    Date
    1. 8.1996 22:08:06
    Footnote
    Contribution to a special issue devoted to the Proceedings of the 7th International World Wide Web Conference, held 14-18 April 1998, Brisbane, Australia
  4. Schilp, H.: Content-Broking : Handel mit digitalen Inhalten (2005) 0.12
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    Abstract
    Internet ist Content; und Content war zu Beginn des Internet alles, was sich durch die enge Telefonleitung zum Kunden transportieren ließ - also Texte und kleine Bilder. Mehr war der analogen Datentechnik damals nicht zuzumuten. Erst ISDN machte mit bis zu 128 Kilobit/Sekunde (kbps) Tempo, war aber recht teuer. Wer für die freie Fahrt auf der Datenautobahn beide ISDN-Leitungen aktivierte, produzierte doppelte Online-Kosten. Trotzdem galt das World Wide Web als digitales Schlaraffenland. Bis auf einige Profi-Datenbanken waren die Inhalte kostenlos. Wie aber lassen sich Inhalte im Internet versilbern? Die Frage, wie Content-Broking - also die Vermittlung von Inhalten - erfolgreich funktioniert, bewegt Marketingprofis seitdem das World Wide Web existiert. Zunächst ging es aber um Präsenz im Internet: Marktanteile und Kundenbindung waren die beherrschenden Themen, weniger der ökonomische Erfolg. Am 25. Oktober 1994 präsentierte sich Der Spiegel als erstes Nachrichtenmagazin weltweit online - einen Tag vor dem amerikanischen Time Magazine - und eröffnete das Wettrennen.
  5. Fensel, D.: Ontologies : a silver bullet for knowledge management and electronic commerce (2001) 0.12
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    Abstract
    Ontologies have been developed and investigated for quite a while now in artificial intelligente and natural language processing to facilitate knowledge sharing and reuse. More recently, the notion of ontologies has attracied attention from fields such as intelligent information integration, cooperative information systems, information retrieval, electronic commerce, and knowledge management. The author systematicaliy introduces the notion of ontologies to the non-expert reader and demonstrates in detail how to apply this conceptual framework for improved intranet retrieval of corporate information and knowledge and for enhanced Internet-based electronic commerce. In the second part of the book, the author presents a more technical view an emerging Web standards, like XML, RDF, XSL-T, or XQL, allowing for structural and semantic modeling and description of data and information.
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Datenbanksystem / Abfrage / Inferenz <Künstliche Intelligenz>
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Datenbanksystem / Abfrage / Inferenz <Künstliche Intelligenz>
    Semantic Web
  6. Koenemann, J.; Lindner, H.-G.; Thomas, C.: Unternehmensportale : Von Suchmaschinen zum Wissensmanagement (2000) 0.11
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    Abstract
    Aufgabe des Wissensmanagements ist es, den Mitarbeitern im Unternehmen entscheidungs- und handlungsrelevante Informationen bereitzustellen und die Mitarbeiter bei der intelligenten Verarbeitung dieser Informationen zu unterstützen. Ein hierzu genutztes Werkzeug von wachsender Bedeutung sind Unternehmensportale. Wir beschreiben kurz die Entwicklung von Portalen im World Wide Web (WWW), um dann Web-Portale von verschiedenen Arten von Unternehmensportalen abzugrenzen. Wir zeigen erwartete Funktionalitäten auf und stellen ein 5-Schichten Modell einer Gesamtarchitektur für Portale dar, welche die wesentlichen Komponenten umfasst. Im Anschluss werden die Besonderheiten der organisatorischen Realisierung und im Ausblick der Übergang von Portalen zum ,ubiquitous personalized information supply", der überall verfügbaren und individuellen Informationsversorgung behandelt
  7. Bredemeier, W.; Stock, M.; Stock, W.G.: ¬Die Branche elektronischer Geschäftsinformationen in Deutschland 2000/2001 (2001) 0.11
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    Content
    Der deutsche Markt für Elektronische Informationsdienste im Jahre 2000 - Ergebnisse einer Umsatzerhebung - Von Willi Bredemeier: - Abgesicherte Methodologie unter Berücksichtigung der Spezifika des EIS-Marktes und der aktuellen Entwicklung - teilweise Vergleichbarkeit der Daten ab 1989 - Weitgehende quantitative Markttransparenz, da der Leser die Aggregationen der Markt- und Teilmarktdaten aus einzelwirtschaftlichen Daten voll nachvollziehen kann - 93 zum Teil ausführliche Tabellen vorwiegend zu einzelnen Informationsanbietern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Geschäftsjahre 2000 und 1999, unterteilt in die Bereiche Gesamtmarkt für Elektronische Informationsdienste, Datev, Realtime-Finanzinformationen, Nachrichtenagenturen, Kreditinformationen, Firmen- und Produktinformationen, weitere Wirtschaftsinformationen, Rechtsinformationen, Wissenschaftlich-technisch-medizinische Informationen - Intellectual Property, Konsumentendienste, Nachbarmärkte - Analyse aktueller Markttrends. Qualität professioneller Firmeninformationen im World Wide Web - Von Mechtild Stock und Wolfgang G. Stock: - Weiterführung der Qualitätsdiskussion und Entwicklung eines Systems von Qualitätskriterien für Informationsangebote, bezogen auf Firmeninformationen im Internet - "Qualitätspanel" für die Bereiche Bonitätsinformationen, Firmenkurzdossiers, Produktinformationen und Adressinformationen mit den Anbietern Bürgel, Creditreform, Dun & Bradstreet Deutschland, ABC online, ALLECO, Hoppenstedt Firmendatenbank, Who is Who in Multimedia, Kompass Deutschland, Sachon Industriedaten, Wer liefert was?, AZ Bertelsmann, Schober.com - Hochdifferenzierte Tests, die den Kunden Hilfen bei der Auswahl zwischen Angeboten und den Anbietern Hinweise auf Maßnahmen zu qualitativen Verbesserungen geben - Detaillierte Informationen über eingesetzte Systeme der Branchen- und Produktklassifikationen - Rankings der Firmeninformationsanbieter insgesamt sowie nach Datenbasen, Retrievalsystemen und Websites, Detailinformationen zu allen Qualitätsdimensionen
  8. Stock, W.G.: Informationswirtschaft : Management externen Wissens (2000) 0.09
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    Content
    Enthält die Kapitel: (1) Informationswirtschaft in der Informationsgesellschaft (2) Informationen und Informationskanäle (3) Hilfsmittel der Wirtschaftsdokumentation: Klassifikation und Thesaurus (4) Retrieval von elektronischen Informationen: Techniken und Strategien (5) Data Mining bei externen Informationen (6) Automatische Indexierung (7) Suchen und Browsen im World Wide Web (8) Wirtschaftswissenschaftliche Informationen: Literaturnachweise und Volltexte (9) Ergebnisse der Marktforschung (10) Wirtschaftsnachrichten: Agenturmeldungen - Zeitungen - Newsletter - Pressearchive (11) Betriebswirtschaftliche Unternehmensinformationen (12) Ausschreibungen und Geschäftsanbahnungen (13) 'Selbstdarstellungen' von Unternehmen: Geschäftsberichte und Homepages (14) Gesetze und Urteile (15) Gewerbliche Schutzrechte als Wirtschaftsinformationen: Patente, Gebrauchsmuster, Marken, Geschmacksmuster (16) Forschungs- und Entwicklungsaktivitäten von Unternehmen (17) Personenbezogene Informationen in Datenbanken (18) Wirtschaftsstatistische Zeitreihen (19) Integration externer Informationen in das betriebliche Informationssystem (20) Fallstudien
  9. Prytherch, R.: ¬The knowledge economy (1993) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Discusses electronic information and organizational development, in particular that of competing companies in the commercial world. Explores the policy and managerial changes that will be needed to make full use of electronic information. Notes a number of new categories of electronic information of relevance to companies, and raises wide ranging issues of quality which will be increasingly pertinent, e.g. efficiency may require simpler and slower access to information, rather than faster and fuller. Information and information technology has to be worked into the internal political processes of companies. Concludes by noting a number of hindrances to this reengineering of companies, e.g. the way downsizing leads to demotivation
  10. Speh, M.: Enabling a global community of knowledge (1996) 0.05
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    Abstract
    A short personal view on the development of the Internet phenomenon is given. It is argued that the Internet is a powerful paradigm of change and community building. Changes which enable the learning organization are of particular interest. This is investigated in the context of corporate training using, or learning from, the Internet. Next, capabilities and rigidities of the net as a knowledge management tool rather than yet another way to distribute unwanted information, are listed. Finally, the important lessons learnt from the success of the Internet are linked to the future of marketing the Internet world wide
  11. Palme, K.: Grundlagen, Bedeutung und Chancen von B2B (2001) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Unternehmen und Betriebe der Wirtschaft versuchen zunehmend unter dem Stichwort E-Commerce oder Business to Business (B2B) betriebliche Vorgänge und Arbeitsabläufe innerbetrieblich, aber auch nach aussen hin zu Kunden und Lieferanten über das Internet elektronisch abzuwickeln. Der Einsatz von B2B hängt aber letztlich von verschiedenen Faktoren ab, die mit dem Internet in unmittelbarem Zusammenhang stehen. Im Prinzip sind inzwischen Mio. von Rechnern mehr oder weniger wahllos miteinander vernetzt. Eine Zentrale gibt es nicht. Das World Wide Web bietet eine Fülle von Informationen an. Es ist insgesamt multimedial und ermöglicht es praktisch jedem, sowohl einer Einzelperson als auch einem Unternehmen, Informationsangebote aller Art im Internet zu nutzen. Hohe Bedeutung gewinnen elektronische Märkte, deren Zahl laufend zunimmt (vgl. www.deutsche-wirtschaft.de). Systematisiert man die Möglichkeiten des E-Commerce und der elektronischen Märkte, so gibt es drei grundsätzlich unterschiedliche Möglichkeiten: Business-to-Business (B2B): Zwei oder mehr Unternehmen wickeln elektronische Beschaffungsvorgänge voll elektronisch ab. Dies bedeutet, dass Käufer und Lieferanten sich finden, entsprechende Angebote erstellen und aushandeln müssen und die Abwicklung der Geschäftsvorgänge elektronisch durchführen. Business-to-Consumer (B2C): Ein gewerblicher Partner bietet seine Produkte und Dienstleistungen gewerblich an, die Kunden sind in der Regel Privatpersonen. Consumer-to-Consumer (C2C): Hier versuchen Privatleute miteinander zu kommunizieren, Waren auszutauschen oder privat zu verkaufen. Man könnte das auch einen »elektronischen Flohmarkt« nennen. Von wirtschaftlich herausragender Bedeutung ist der Bereich B2B. Wenn es gelingt, große Teile des bisherigen Einkaufverhaltens der Industrie über B2B abzuwickeln, können erhebliche Transaktionskosten auf beiden Seiten, beim Kunden und beim Lieferanten, eingespart werden. Die chaotische Struktur des Internet ermöglicht nur begrenzt die zielorientierte Suche. Gesucht wird in der Regel über Worte und Begriffe, die jedoch von Käufern und Verkäufern häufig in unterschiedlicher Weise genutzt werden. Beispielsweise sucht ein Käufer nach Kugelschreibern, während der Verkäufer von Schreibgeräten spricht. Allein die sprachliche Differenz verhindert einen zielorientierten Kontakt. Voraussetzung für eine gezielte Suche ist deshalb eine gemeinsame »Sprache« zwischen dem bestellenden Ingenieur, dem Einkäufer oder Lieferanten. Führende deutsche Unternehmen haben deshalb eine Klassifikation erarbeitet, die zum weltweiten Industriestandard zwischen Lieferanten und Kunden werden soll - eCl@ss. Das Institut der deutschen Wirtschaft Köln hat die Aufgabe übernommen, mit der Klassifikation eCI@ss allen interessierten Unternehmen eine Unterlage anzubieten, durch die B2B und die Nutzung von elektronischen Märkten sinnvoll erfolgen kann. eCI@ss bietet einerseits die Lösung für das Suchen und Finden über eine achtstellige Klassifikationsnummer, durch die das Sprachproblem gelöst wird. Sowohl der Begriff »Handy« als auch »Mobiltelefon« oder Junktelefon« wird durch eine achtstellige Nummer ersetzt, so dass beide Seiten, Anbieter und Suchende, über diese Nummer sich ohne weitere Schwierigkeiten finden (eCI@ss12345678). Ist der Kontakt gefunden, bietet eCl@ss mit Hilfe von Merkmalen zu den verschiedenen Produkten die Möglichkeit, das eigene Angebot über Merkmale präzise zu beschreiben und damit auch Qualitätsangaben einzufügen. Um die Merkmale eindeutig zu identifizieren, werden auch Werte zugeliefert
  12. Lissack, M.R.: Chaos and complexity : what does that have to do with knowledge management? (1996) 0.05
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    Abstract
    As interest in the study of complex systems has grown, a new vocabulary is emerging to describe discoveries about wide-ranging and fundamental phenomena. Complexity theory research has allowed for new insights into many phenomena and for the development of a new language. 'his paper argues that a shared language based an the vocabulary of complexity can have an important role in a management context. The use of complexity theory metaphors can change the way managers think about the problems they face. Instead of competing in a game or a war, they are trying to find their way an an ever changing, ever turbulent landscape. Such a conception of their organizations' basic task can, in cum, change the day-to-day decisions made by management. If part of the problem of knowledge management is the need to identify value added knowledge, language and metaphor play a key role - for they are the very tools of the identification [what is knowledge] and ascription [what makes it value-added] process. Complexity theory metaphors, it is argued, are not panaceas. There are limits to the types of organizations where the notion of a "fitness landscape" and "degree of coupling" can make a positive contribution to managements understanding of the world. The author argues that one potential distinction - between worlds where complexity metaphors can contribute and those where they cannot - can be drawn by measuring the degree to which an organization perceives that value-added investments are to be made in a) the development of new knowledge or b) infrastructure. In this context, infrastructure is defined as those items to which an economist might (once such investment is made) ascribe the label "sunk costs", but which management would not willingly walk away from. For this purpose then, emotional investments, legacy systems, existing bureaucracy, and material goods could all constitute "infrastructure". Infrastructure investments it is argued are pari of what Brian Arthur of the Sante Fe Institute defines as the world of diminishing retums. Investments in knowledge are different. While the ability of an organization to effectively deal wich new knowledge is limited by a variety of constraints, the leverage which can be obtained from such knowledge gives rise to the potential for increasing retums. As organizations leam to remove some of the constraints an their ability to absorb and lever new information, they force themselves down to the increasing retums part of the "S" curve. Several case studies are presented to illustrate the potency of complexity metaphors in driving managerial perceptions of knowledge management businesses.
    Source
    Knowledge management: organization competence and methodolgy. Proceedings of the Fourth International ISMICK Symposium, 21-22 October 1996, Netherlands. Ed.: J.F. Schreinemakers
  13. Goemann-Singer, A.; Graschi, P.; Weissenberger, R.: Recherchehandbuch Wirtschaftsinformationen : Vorgehen, Quellen und Praxis (2003) 0.04
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    Abstract
    Marktforschung und Informationen über wirtschaftliche Tatbestände sind für Unternehmen (über-)lebenswichtig. So ist das Wissen über Konkurrenten und Märkte Vorbedingung jeder strategischen Planung. Dieses Handbuch ist eine unverzichtbare Hilfe für eine professionelle Informationsbeschaffung. Es behandelt konkrete Vorgehensweisen und Quellen für die Informationssuche. Die Themen geben die häufigsten Fragestellungen aus der Recherchepraxis wieder. Auch wenn das World Wide Web häufig als Universalquelle für Informationssuchende dargestellt wird, nutzen Informationsprofis eine Vielzahl von Quellen, die weit über das Internet hinausgehen und hier vorgestellt werden. Der Leser erhält einen Einblick in verschiedene Online-Datenbanken, CD-ROM-Produkte, Nachschlagewerke und andere Informationsquellen, ergänzt durch Tipps und Tricks von Profis. Das Praxishandbuch eignet sich sowohl als fundierte Einführung als auch als Nachschlagewerk.
  14. Hartmann, S.: Inhaltliche Erschließung einer Call-Center-Datenbank : Konzeptentwicklung für die Kundentelefon-Wissensdatenbank der Deutschen Post AG (KT-WEB 2.0) (2005) 0.04
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    Abstract
    Die Qualität der Auskünfte in einem Call-Center des Typus Informationshotline wird gewährleistet durch die zentrale Bereitstellung von Informationen zu Produkten und Dienstleistungen eines Unternehmens. Dies kann in Form von Datenbanken, wie die in dieser Arbeit analysierten Kundentelefon-Wissensdatenbank der Deutschen Post AG (KT-WEB), realisiert werden. Damit die Call-Center-Mitarbeiter präzise, schnell und zuverlässig auf die im Kundengespräch relevanten Informationen zugreifen können, müssen die Informationen inhaltlich entsprechend erschlossen sein. Für KT-WEB wird dazu ein Konzept zur Optimierung der inhaltlichen Erschließung und Suche entwickelt, das über die bisher eingesetzten Erschließungsmethoden, Systematik und Volltexterschließung, hinaus geht: eine Erschließung mit facettierten Schlagwörtern.
  15. Gershenfeld, N.; Hover, K.: Processing and disseminating information in a networked environment (1994) 0.04
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    Abstract
    The mission of the Information Services Department at Microsoft is to link users with information services and resources that facilitate Microsoft's product development, sales and support. This paper ia a discussion of how that mission is fulfilled by integrating Microsoft products, leveraging off of company product development and developing new information delivery systems to satisfy the individual information needs of employees world wide. Information Services is integrating its own products into the business of information retrieval and delivery. Included in the discussion is a description of the processing of an information request, beginning with how the employee makes the request, continuing with the routing of the request to the proper party within Information Services, the information retrieval procedure and the delivery mechanism utilized to present the completed information request to the employee. Using the company profile as an example, the steps in the process are reviewed, including generation of the request via electronic form, searching via communications software and networked CD-ROMs, downloading results and reformatting using various Microsoft Word macros and delivering the profile via an object package in Microsoft Mail over the corporate network. Future plans for information tools and workflow changes are also discussed
  16. Solomon, M.: Knowledge management tools for knowledge managers : filling the gap between finding information and applying it (1997) 0.04
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    Abstract
    Knowledge management is the key to corporate success. Offers guidelines for defining the usefulness of information management programs in the knowledge discovery process. Covers: automating the knowledge delivery process through collection, synthesis and presentation, and evaluates askSam Professional 3.0 from askSam Systems, KnowIt-all 2.0 from Gap Information and Web Retrieve 2.1 from Folio Corp.
  17. Büttner, E.: Perspektiven der Informationsarbeit in einem industriellen Großunternehmen (2001) 0.03
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    Abstract
    In seinem Vortrag "New Rules in World Competitiveness" entwickelte Stephane GARELLI (Prof. am International Institute for Management Development und an der Universität Lausanne; gehalten im September 1998) die These, dass sich unser derzeitiges Wirtschaftssystem in einem fundamentalen Wandel befindet, der in seinen Dimensionen weit über die Veränderungen der industriellen Revolution hinausgehen wird. Auslöser dieser Situation ist ein Paradigmenwechsel zweier fundamentaler Prinzipien wirtschaftlichen Handelns: - lokales Handeln wird zu globalem Handeln ("local" -> "global") - der Besitz von Produktionsfaktoren wird ersetzt durch die Kontrolle von Produktionsfaktoren ("owned" --> "controlled"). Der vielzitierte Übergang von der Industriegesellschaft zur Informationsgesellschaft ist eine weitere Metapher für diese Situationsbeschreibung. Im Sinne der von Stephane Garelli umfassend dargestellten Veränderungen beschreibt sie allerdings nur einen Teilaspekt des sich vollziehenden fundamentalen Wandels wirtschaftlichen Handelns. Konsequenterweise muss sich ein Unternehmen diesen Herausforderungen stellen. Längerfristigen Erfolg sichert sich ein Unternehmen dadurch, dass es in dieser Situation nicht nur reagiert, sondern vielmehr versucht diesen Wandel aktiv mitzugestalten. Der Umbau von Unternehmensstrukturen und von grundlegenden Geschäftsprozessen in Großunternehmen ist eine der Reaktionen auf diese Herausforderungen, die tiefgreifende Veränderungen im Informationsbedarf und -verhalten zur Folge hat. Diesen Zusammenhängen ist der erste Teil dieses Vortrages gewidmet. Ein weiterer Aspekt ist die seit über einem Jahrzehnt zu beobachtende, stetig zunehmende Divergenz zwischen Produktlebensdauer und Entwicklungszyklus. Hier wird aufgezeigt, wie der Einsatz des Produktionsfaktors "Information" zur Bewältigung dieser Herausforderung beiträgt. Der dritte Teil stellt den fundamentalen Wandel des Informationsverhaltens in einem Industrieunternehmen durch den konsequenten Einsatz Web-basierter Technologien innerhalb eines Intranets dar. Hieraus ergeben sich neue Aufgaben für Informationszentren
  18. Hobohm, H.-C.: Auf dem Weg zur lernenden Organisation : neue Management-Konzepte für die Digitale Bibliothek (1997) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Library world is actually facing 2 major changes. The one described by the concept of the Digital or Virtual Library let us already anticipate fundamental changes in the products and services libraries will deliver in the future. At present libraries also must react to important economic changes with phenomena like privatisation, deregulation and globalisation of economic processes which - at least in Germany - have now a growing impact on the library and information business. This situation is a real challenge for library management. But unfortunately new management concepts are hardly found in library literature and practice in Germany. Therefore the article wants to give to the library world some ideas on new management and business concepts like the 'learning organisation' or the 'innovative collaborator'
    Date
    20.12.1997 10:28:22
  19. Web intelligence: research and development : First Asia-Pacific Conference, WI 2001, Maebashi City, Japan, Oct. 23-26, 2001, Proceedings (2003) 0.03
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    Abstract
    Web Intelligence is a new research area dealing with all aspects of intelligent data processing in the Web. As the ferst book devoted to Web Intelligence, this coherently written multi-author monograph provides a thorough introduction and systematic overview of this new area. It presents both the current state of research as well as application aspects. All major topics related to Web Intelligence which can have impact an future directions and developments are presented in detail. This book will be a valuable source of reference for years to all research and development professionals interested in Weh Intelligence. Students will also appreciate the numerous illustrations and examples.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: nfd - Information 54(2003) H.6, S.378-379 (T. Mandl): "Im Oktober 2001 fand erstmals eine Tagung mit dem Titel "Web Intelligence" statt. Ist dies nun eine neue Disziplin oder der Versuch analog zu "Artificial Intelligence" und "Computational Intelligence" ein neues Modewort zu kreieren? Geht es um den Einsatz sogenannter intelligenter Verfahren, um mit dem Internet umgehen zu können oder erscheint das Internet als "emerging global brain" (Goertzel 2002), also als eine unerschöpfliche Quelle von Wissen, die nur geschickt ausgebeutet werden muss? Kommt also die Intelligenz aus dem Web oder dient die Intelligenz als Werkzeug für das Web? Der Tagungsband ist seit Anfang 2003 verfügbar und bietet nun den Anlass, diesen Begriff anhand der darin präsentierten Inhalte zu bewerten. Die Herausgeber führen in ihrem einleitenden Artikel gleich die Abkürzung WI ein und versuchen tatsächlich "Web Intelligence" als neue Sub-Disziplin der Informatik zu etablieren. Zu diesem Zweck greifen sie auch auf die Anzahl der Nachweise für diese Phrase in Suchmaschinen zu. Zwar lieferten die Systeme angeblich Zahlen von über einer Million (S. 4), aber dies überzeugt sicher noch niemanden, das Studium der WI aufzunehmen. Allerdings weist dieses Vorgehen schon auf einen Kern der WI hin: man versucht, aus dem im Web gespeicherten Wissen neues Wissen zu generieren. Damit wäre man sehr nahe am Data oder eben Web-Mining, jedoch geht die Definition der Autoren darüber hinaus. Sie wollen WI verstanden wissen als die Anwendung von Künstlicher Intelligenz sowie Informationstechnologie im Internet (S. 2). Da nun Künstliche Intelligenz bei allen Meinungsverschiedenheiten sicherlich nicht ohne Informationstechnologie denkbar ist, wirkt die Definition nicht ganz überzeugend. Allerdings beschwichtigen die Autoren im gleichen Atemzug und versichern, diese Definition solle ohnehin keine Forschungsrichtung ausschließen. Somit bietet sich eher eine Umfangsdefinition an. Diese solle die wichtigsten Stoßrichtungen des Buchs und damit auch der Tagung umfassen. Als Ausgangspunkt dient dazu auch eine Liste der Herausgeber (S. 7f.), die hier aber etwas modifiziert wird: - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen (Protokolle, Technologien, Standards) - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen (hier "HumanMedia Engineering" S. XII) Eine grobe Einteilung wie diese ist zwar übersichtlich, führt aber zwangsläufig zu Ouerschnittsthemen. In diesem Fall zählt dazu das Semantic Web, an dem momentan sehr intensiv geforscht wird. Das Semantic Web will das Unbehagen mit der Anarchie im Netz und daraus folgenden Problemen für die Suchmaschinen überwinden, indem das gesamte Wissen im Web auch explizit als solches gekennzeichnet wird. Tauchen auf einer WebSeite zwei Namen auf und einer ist der des Autors und der andere der eines Sponsors, so erlauben neue Technologien, diese auch als solche zu bezeichnen. Noch wichtiger, wie in einer Datenbank sollen nun Abfragen möglich sein, welche andere Seiten aus dem Web liefen, die z.B. den gleichen Sponsor, aber einen anderen Autor haben. Dieser Thematik widmen sich etwa Hendler & Feigenbaum. Das Semantic Web stellt ein Ouerschnittsthema dar, da dafür neue Technologien (Mizoguchi) und ein neuartiges Informationsmanagement erforderlich sind (z.B. Stuckenschmidt & van Harmelen), die Suchverfahren angepasst werden und natürlich auch auf die Benutzer neue Herausforderungen zukommen. Diesem Aspekt, inwieweit Benutzer solche Anfragen überhaupt stellen werden, widmet sich in diesem Band übrigens niemand ernsthaft. Im Folgenden sollen die einzelnen Themengebiete anhand der im Band enthaltenen Inhalte näher bestimmt werden, bevor abschließend der Versuch eines Resümees erfolgt.
    - Grundlagen von Web Informationssystemen Protokolle, Technologien und Standards existieren inzwischen mannigfaltig und lediglich für spezifische Anwendungen entstehen weitere Grundlagen. In dem vorliegenden Band gibt es etwa ein Datenmodell für XML-Datenbanken (Wuwongse et al.) und den Vorschlag einer 3DModellierung (Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Auch für Proxy-Server werden neue Algorithmen entwickelt (Aguilar & Leiss). - Web Information Retrieval, WebMining und Farming Neben klassischen Themen des Information Retrieval wie kontrolliertem Vokabular (Sim & Wong), Ranking (Wang & Maguire), Kategorisierung (Loia & Luongo) und Term-Erweiterung (Huang, Oyang & Chien) stehen auch typische Web Information Retrieval Themen. Multimedia Retrieval spielt eine wichtige Rolle im Web und dazu gibt es Beiträge zu Audio (Wieczorkowska & Ra- Wan, Liu & Wang) und Grafiken (Fukumoto & Cho, Hwang, Lee & Hwang). Das Hype-Thema Link-Analyse schlägt auch gleich den Bogen hin zum Web-Mining, ist mit fünf Beiträgen aber eher unterrepräsentiert. Link-Analyse stellt die Frage, was sich aus den inzwischen wohl über zehn Milliarden Links im Internet folgern lässt. So extrahieren zwei Beiträge die zeitliche Veränderung sozialer Strukturen in Web Communities. Matsumura et al. untersuchen, ob Außenseiter sich auch für die innerhalb einer Community diskutierten Themen interessieren und werten dies als Maß für die Verbreitung des Themas. Bun & Ishizuka interessieren sich nur für die Änderungen innerhalb einer Gruppe von thematisch zusammengehörigen Web-Abgeboten und analysieren in diesem Korpus die wichtigsten Sätze, die neu entstehende Themen am besten repräsentieren. Andere Mining-Beiträge befassen sich mit der Erstellung von Sprachressourcen (Chau & Yeh). - Informationsmanagement unter WebBedingungen Für das Informationsmanagement gelten Ontologien zur Beschreibung des vorhandenen Wissens als wichtiges Instrument und dementsprechend ist "Ontologie" auch ein Kandidat für das höchst-frequente Wort in dem Tagungsband.
    Einen weiteren wichtigen Aspekt stellt nach wie vor E-Learning dar, das u.a. neue Anforderungen an die Erstellung und Verwaltung von Lernmodulen (Forcheri et al.) und die Zusammenarbeit von Lehrern und Schülern stellt (Hazeyama et al., Liu et al.). - Mensch-Maschine Interaktion unter Web-Bedingungen Benutzermodellierung (Estivill-Castro & Yang, Lee, Sung & Cho) hat mit der Popularität des Internet eine neue Dimension gewonnen und ist besonders im kommerziellen Umfeld sehr interessant. Eine Wissensquelle hierfür und für andere Anwendungen sind Log-Files (Yang et al.). Breiten Raum nehmen die Visualisierungen ein, die häufig für spezielle Benutzergruppen gedacht sind, wie etwa Data Mining Spezialisten (Han & Cercone) und Soziologen, die sich mit Web-Communities befassen (Sumi & Mase). Agenten (Lee) und Assistenten (Molina) als neue Formen der Interaktion treten nicht zuletzt für E-Commerce Anwendungen in Erscheinung. In diesem Kontext der Mensch-Medien-Beziehung soll das Ouerschnittsthema WebCommunities genannt werden, in dem die sozialen Aspekte der Kooperation (Hazeyama et al.) ebenso wie das Entdecken von Gruppenstrukturen (Bun & Ishizuka) untersucht werden. Dagegen kommen kaum empirische Evaluierungen vor, die belegen könnten, wie intelligent denn die Systeme nun sind. Worin liegt nun der Kern der Web Intelligence? Der Aspekt Web Mining befasst sich mit der Extraktion von Wissen aus dem riesigen Reservoir Internet während der Aspekt Web-Informationssysteme den Einsatz so genannter intelligenter Technologien in Informationssystemen im Internet behandelt. Da jedoch das Spektrum der eingesetzten Informationssysteme praktisch beliebig ist und auch die Auswahl der intelligenten Technologien keinen spezifischen Fokus erkennen lässt, stellt Web Intelligence momentan eher einen bunten Strauß dar als ein klar abgegrenztes Feld. Das Web taugt inzwischen kaum mehr zur Abgrenzung von Technologien. Die Beiträge sind stärker von den Communities der Autoren geprägt als von der Web Intelligence Community, die vielleicht noch gar nicht existiert. Wenn doch, so befindet sie sich in einem frühen Stadium, in dem sich wenig Gemeinsamkeiten zwischen den Arbeiten erkennen lassen. Allerdings macht die mangelnde Kohärenz die einzelnen Beiträge keineswegs uninteressant. Dieser Meinung sind offensichtlich auch die 57 Mitglieder des Programmkomitees der Tagung, unter denen auch drei deutsche Wissenschaftler sind. Denn für 2003 ist eine weitere Tagung geplant (http://www.comp.hkbu. edu.hk/WIo3/)."
  20. Scott, J.E.: Organizational knowledge and the Intranet (2002) 0.03
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    Abstract
    The Intranet has been hailed as the solution to organizational technology issues as far reaching as faster information systems development, access to legacy system data, integration of incompatible systems, and progress toward the "paperless office." Moreover, intranets enable work-flow management and project management and are a platform for process redesign. Yet possibly the most far-reaching impact of the Intranet is an organizational knowledge. Intranets are providing institutions and organizations with opportunities to create knowledge. A large proportion of the pioneers are high-technology companies making use of intranets for knowledge-intensive new product development. Intranets enable community expertise to develop, as engineers brainstorm and give each other feedback in discussion groups and share product specifications and product test result queries. The scope of interest in intranets is evidenced by diverse articles and applications in the medical, legal, engineering, training, travel, technical, computer-related, and manufacturing industries. Although some definitions restrict intranets to internal information an internal webs accessed exclusively by internal users, in this article, we adopt a broader definition that includes customers and suppliers in the extended enterprise [also called an "Extranet"] and industrywide applications. Thus, an intranet is a "powerful tool for institution-wide communications, collaborative projects, and the establishment of a sense of community an a manageable scale". Despite the fact that many organizations have adopted the Intranet with great enthusiasm and there has been an avalanche of Web and journalistic articles an the Intranet since the end of 1995, theoretical research has been lacking. Evidence of the business value of the Intranet has been convincing but largely anecdotal. In addition, negative reports have surfaced an hidden costs, performance limitations, and organizational resistance. Such issues have been researched with political theories that explain how some constituents gain and others lose when there is organizational change associated with information technology (IT) implementation. Organizational learning theories also explain such contradictions by examining what affects the creation, integration, and management of knowledge and the facilitation of organizational memory. For example, the theory of organizational knowledge creation posits that autonomy, intention, redundancy, fluctuation and creative chaos, and requisite variety are conditions that induce the transfer of tacit and explicit knowledge in a spiral from individual to group, to organization levels. The findings from this analysis of reported implementations of intranets generate a theoretically based model relating organizational kowledge to the Intranet phenomenon. We extend the inductive concepts by analyzing example of enabling conditions and organizational knowledge creation modes an intranets, using Nonaka's theory of organizational knowledge creation as a guide. Our contribution is to develop a theoretical understanding of the Intranet phenomenon, with an initial framework to guide further conceptual and empirical research an the impacts and business value of the Intranet and to present implications for information systems (IS) developers, IS departments, management, and researchers.

Years

Languages

  • e 87
  • d 59
  • m 1
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Types

  • a 113
  • m 26
  • s 14
  • el 2
  • r 2
  • x 2
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