-
Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
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- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
0.14
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- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Konstruktion und Kommunikation von Wissen mit Wikis : Theorie und Praxis (2008)
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- RSWK
- Wiki / Wissensmanagement / Aufsatzsammlung
- Series
- Web 2.0
- Subject
- Wiki / Wissensmanagement / Aufsatzsammlung
-
Darnton, R.: Im Besitz des Wissens : Von der Gelehrtenrepublik des 18. Jahrhunderts zum digitalen Google-Monopol (2009)
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- Abstract
- Wie eine gigantische Informationslandschaft tut sich das Internet vor unseren Augen auf. Und seit sich Google im Herbst letzten Jahres mit den Autoren und Verlegern, die die große Suchmaschine wegen Urheberrechtsverletzung verklagt hatten, auf einen Vergleich geeinigt hat, stellt sich die Frage nach der Orientierung im World Wide Web mit neuer Dringlichkeit. Während der letzten vier Jahre hat Google Millionen von Büchern, darunter zahllose urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke, aus den Beständen großer Forschungsbibliotheken digitalisiert und für die Onlinesuche ins Netz gestellt. Autoren und Verleger machten dagegen geltend, dass die Digitalisierung eine Copyrightverletzung darstelle. Nach langwierigen Verhandlungen einigte man sich auf eine Regelung, die gravierende Auswirkungen darauf haben wird, wie Bücher den Weg zu ihren Lesern finden. . . .
-
Pirolli, P.: Information foraging theory : adaptive interaction with information (2007)
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- Abstract
- Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
- Content
- Inhalt: 1. Information Foraging Theory: Framework and Method 2. Elementary Foraging Models 3. The Ecology of Information Foraging on the World Wide Web 4. Rational Analyses of Information Scent and Web Foraging 5. A Cognitive Model of Information Foraging on the Web 6. A Rational Analysis and Computational Cognitive Model of the Scatter/Gather Document Cluster Browser 7. Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent 8. Social Information Foraging 9. Design Heuristics, Engineering Models, and Applications 10. Future Directions: Upward, Downward, Inward, and Outward
-
Schmidt, A.P.: ¬Der Wissensnavigator : Das Lexikon der Zukunft (1999)
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- Abstract
- Der Wissensnavigator ist ein Lexikon der Zukunft auf dem Weg zu einer interaktiven Enzyklopädie. Wenn Sie die elektronische Fassung online benutzen, können Sie von den einzelnen Artikeln über Hyperlinks zu Seiten im World Wide Web gelangen, die noch mehr Informationen zum jeweiligen Zukunftsbegriff enthalten. Bei der elektronischen Ausgabe des Wissensnavigators, die auch im Internet zugänglich ist handelt es sich um eine "lebende" Anwendung, die sich gerade auch durch die Mitwirkung der Nutzer weiterentwickelt. Sie sind herzlich eingeladen, zum Teilnehmer dieses Evolutionsprozesses zu werden - etwa, indem Sie neue Begriffe vorschlagen, die aufgenommen werden sollen, oder Experten benennen, die zur Bearbeitung neuer Begriffe in Frage kommen, oder auch sich selbst als Experte zu erkennen geben. Eine Redaktion, die aus dem Autor und einem Expertenteam im Verlag besteht, wird über die Aufnahme neuer Begriffe entscheiden
-
Hauff-Hartig, S.: Fehl-, Falsch- und Desinformation aus dem Blickwinkel der Informationswissenschaften : Lassen sich Manipulationen im Internet durch informationswissenschaftliche Methoden identifizieren? (2018)
0.02
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- Abstract
- Falsche Nachrichten sind keine Erscheinung der Neuzeit. Die Feststellung, dass es im Internet Falschinformationen gibt, ist eine Binsenweisheit. In welchem Umfang jedoch Politiker mit falschen Behauptungen Erfolge erreichen und verifizierte Informationen als Fake News misskreditieren, ist besonders im Jahr 2016 in den Blickpunkt der Öffentlichkeit gelangt. Zu Recht, denn die gesellschaftlichen Auswirkungen sind gravierend. Die Auseinandersetzung mit derartigen Informationspathologien ist ein Aufgabengebiet der Informationswissenschaften. Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit soll die Beantwortung der Forschungsfrage sein, ob sich Manipulationen im Internet durch informationswissenschaftliche Methoden identifizieren lassen. Deshalb werden Falschinformationen zunächst in den informationswissenschaftlichen Kontext gestellt, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sichtweisen von Reiner Kuhlen, Luciano Floridi und Don Fallis. Nach einem kurzen Exkurs zu Nachrichten und Medien werden Falschinformationen basierend auf einem Konzept von Giglietto et al. konkreter untersucht. Dazu wird auf die Besonderheiten der Informationsausbreitung im Web 2.0 eingegangen, der Begriff "irreführende Informationen" eingeführt und Faktoren, die für deren Weitergabe relevant sind, benannt. Für die Untersuchung, wie irreführende Informationen weitergegeben werden, steht statt einer akteurorientierten Betrachtung der Aspekt des Prozesses im Mittelpunkt. Dies erfolgt durch die Untersuchung von vier Typologien der Weitergabe irreführender Informationen. Durch das vorgestellte Verbreitungsmodell lassen sich Zusammenhänge und Abläufe bei der Verbreitung von Fake News und anderen irreführenden Informationen besser beschreiben und verstehen als bis zum jetzigen Zeitpunkt.
-
Infield, N.: Capitalising on knowledge : if knowledge is power, why don't librarians rule the world? (1997)
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- Source
- Information world review. 1997, no.130, S.22
-
Wells, H.G.: World brain (1938)
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- Footnote
- Enthält den Vorschlag einer 'world encyclopedia'
-
Black, A.; Schiller, D.: Systems of information : the long view (2014)
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- Abstract
- In response to the perceived (by some) onset of an information society, historians have begun to study its roots and antecedents. The past is replete with the rise, fall, and transformation of systems of information, which are not to be confused with the narrower computer-mediated world of information systems. The history of systems of information-which for digestibility can be labeled information history-lacks neither scale nor scope. Systems of information have played a critical role in the transition to, and subsequent development of, capitalism; the growth of the state, especially the modern, nation-state; the rise of modernity, science, and the public sphere; imperialism; and geopolitics. In the context of these epochal shifts and episodes in human thinking and social organization, this essay presents a critical bibliographic survey of histories-outside the well-trodden paths of library and information-science history-that have foregrounded, or made reference to, a wide variety of systems of information.
-
Brody, R.: ¬The problem of information naïveté (2008)
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- Abstract
- With the rapidly changing Web-enabled world, the already existing dichotomy between knowing of and knowing about, or information naïveté, widens daily. This article explores the ethical dilemmas that can result from the lack of information literacy. The article also discusses conditions and consequences of information naïveté, media bias, possessive memory, and limited contexts and abilities. To help avoid information failure, the author recommends producers, contributors, disseminators, and aggregators of information be less information naïve.
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Bell, G.; Gemmell, J.: Erinnerung total (2007)
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- Content
- Ein Netz von Pfaden Ein früher Traum von einem maschinell erweiterten Gedächtnis wurde gegen Ende des Zweiten Weltkriegs von Vannevar Bush geäußert. Bush, damals Direktor des Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD), das die militärischen Forschungsprogramme der USA koordinierte, und besser bekannt als Erfinder des Analogrechners, stellte 1945 in seinem Aufsatz »As we may think« eine fiktive Maschine namens Memex (Memory Extender, »Gedächtnis-Erweiterer«) vor, die alle Bücher, alle Aufzeichnungen und die gesamte Kommunikation eines Menschen auf Mikrofilm speichern sollte. Das Memex sollte in einem Schreibtisch eingebaut sein und über eine Tastatur, ein Mikrofon und mehrere Bildschirme verfügen. Bush hatte vorgesehen, dass der Benutzer am Schreibtisch mit einer Kamera Fotografien und Dokumente auf Mikrofilm ablichtete oder neue Dokumente erstellte, indem er auf einen berührungsempfindlichen Bildschirm schrieb. Unterwegs sollte eine per Stirnband am Kopf befestigte Kamera das Aufzeichnen übernehmen. Vor allem aber sollte das Memex ähnlich dem menschlichen Gehirn zu assoziativem Denken fähig sein. Bush beschreibt das sehr plastisch: »Kaum hat es einen Begriff erfasst, schon springt es zum nächsten, geleitet von Gedankenassoziationen und entlang einem komplexen Netz von Pfaden, das sich durch die Gehirnzellen zieht.« Im Lauf des folgenden halben Jahrhunderts entwickelten unerschrockene Informatikpioniere, unter ihnen Ted Nelson und Douglas Engelbart, einige dieser Ideen, und die Erfinder des World Wide Web setzten Bushs »Netz von Pfaden« in die Netzstruktur ihrer verlinkten Seiten um. Das Memex selbst blieb jedoch technisch außer Reichweite. Erst in den letzten Jahren haben die rasanten Fortschritte in Speichertechnik, Sensorik und Rechentechnologie den Weg für neue Aufzeichnungs- und Suchtechniken geebnet, die im Endeffekt weit über Bushs Vision hinausgehen könnten."
-
Philosophy, computing and information science (2014)
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- Content
- Introduction: Philosophy's Relevance in Computing and Information Science - Ruth Hagengruber and Uwe V.Riss Part I: Philosophy of Computing and Information 1 The Fourth Revolution in our Self-Understanding - Luciano Floridi -- 2 Information Transfer as a Metaphor - Jakob Krebs -- 3 With Aristotle towards a Differentiated Concept of Information? - Uwe Voigt -- 4 The Influence of Philosophy on the Understanding of Computing and Information - Klaus Fuchs-Kittowski -- Part II: Complexity and System Theory 5 The Emergence of Self-Conscious Systems: From Symbolic AI to Embodied Robotics - Klaus Mainzer -- 6 Artificial Intelligence as a New Metaphysical Project - Aziz F. Zambak Part III: Ontology 7 The Relevance of Philosophical Ontology to Information and Computer Science - Barry Smith -- 8 Ontology, its Origins and its Meaning in Information Science - Jens Kohne -- 9 Smart Questions: Steps towards an Ontology of Questions and Answers - Ludwig Jaskolla and Matthias Rugel Part IV: Knowledge Representation 10 Sophisticated Knowledge Representation and Reasoning Requires Philosophy - Selmer Bringsjord, Micah Clark and Joshua Taylor -- 11 On Frames and Theory-Elements of Structuralism Holger Andreas -- 12 Ontological Complexity and Human Culture David J. Saab and Frederico Fonseca Part V: Action Theory 13 Knowledge and Action between Abstraction and Concretion - Uwe V.Riss -- 14 Action-Directing Construction of Reality in Product Creation Using Social Software: Employing Philosophy to Solve Real-World Problems - Kai Holzweifiig and Jens Krüger -- 15 An Action-Theory-Based Treatment ofTemporal Individuals - Tillmann Pross -- 16 Four Rules for Classifying Social Entities - Ludger Jansen Part VI: Info-Computationalism 17 Info-Computationalism and Philosophical Aspects of Research in Information Sciences - Gordana Dodig-Crnkovic -- 18 Pancomputationalism: Theory or Metaphor ? - Vincent C. Mutter Part VII: Ethics 19 The Importance of the Sources of Professional Obligations - Francis C. Dane
- RSWK
- Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
- Subject
- Technikphilosophie / Künstliche Intelligenz / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
-
Boyd, A.: Information disparity : research and measurement challenges in an interconnected world (2004)
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- Abstract
- With the proliferation of new information channels such as the Web, e-mail and wireless, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of these technologies within information-seeking and retrieval contexts. This issue of Aslib Proceedings presents research that begins to address the notion of "information disparity". It aims to weave a common thread between the challenges of reconciling disparate information needs in an environment complicated by fragmented or disparate data sources. This article lists several emerging trends that should begin to challenge traditional notions of our research field.
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Was kommt nach der Informationsgesellschaft? : 11 Antworten (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: BuB 55(2003) H.4, S.264-265 (H.-D. Kübler): "Noch ist die "Informationsgesellschaft", nicht hinlänglich etabliert, erst recht nicht weltweit, noch streiten sich viele um ihre validen Charakteristika und registrierbaren Indikatoren, noch dürften viele Zeitgenossen mit dem Begriff und vor allem mit seinen konkreten Realia wenig anfangen und in ihrem Bewusstein zumal angesichts vieler vorderhand drängenderen Probleme des Alltags verankert habenda fragt die rührige Bertelsmann Stiftung in diesem (ansprechend gestalteten) Sammelband (schon in zweiter Auflage) internationale Experten danach, was ihres Erachtens oder nach ihrer Fantasie danach kommen wird: die Wissensgesellschaft, die selbstorganisierende Gesellschaft, die Hightouch- (statt Hightech)Society oder einfach mannigfaltige, immer weniger prognostizierbare Formationen und Zukünfte. Denn mindestens in zwei Pole lassen sich die elf, wohl willkürlich gewählten Autoren aus diversen Disziplinen - darunter auch notorische Propheten wie der umtriebige (Seite 46) Trendscout Matthias Horx, der Essener Medienguru Norbert Bolz und der Computer-Visionär John Naisbitt- aufteilen. - Durchwurstelei statt Nachhaltigkeit - Da sind zunächst die einen, die meinen, und just in diesen Aufsätzen meist mit vielen, sich auch widersprechenden Worten begründen, dass und warum Zukunftsprognosen, die über simple und damit irreführende Extrapolationen der Gegenwart hinausreichen wollen, kaum mehr oder gar immer weniger möglich sind. So fragt sich der Kommunikationswissenschaftler Holger Rust zunächst, in welcher Gesellschaft wir leben, zumal für ihn nicht einmal eindeutig ist, wann die Informationsgesellschaft beginnt: War's mit dem Buchdruck oder 1901 mit der Erfindung des Telegrafen oder 1956 mit der Gründung des Shockley Semiconductor Laboratory oder erst mit dem World Wide Web? Genüsslich verweist er auf die kürzlich (2000) erschienene Recherche (»In welcher Gesellschaft leben wir?«) des Münchner Journalisten Achim Pongs, der allein schon für die Bundesrepublik 24 einschlägige Etiketten ausmachte, und schlägt unter den Vorzeichen des wachsenden Naming die sperrige, aber wohl alle ironisch einvernehmende Kompromissformel »informationstechnologiebasierte Wissensdienstleistergesellschaft mit industriellem Kern« (Seite 66) vor. Da fehlt wohl nichts mehr von den wohlfeilen Attributen. Zuvor schon plädieren Eckhard Minx, Leiter der Forschungsgruppe »Gesellschaft und Technik« bei DaimlerChrysler, und seine Mitarbeiter mit nüchternem, aber kritischem Gespür dafür, die vielen eher technisch und ökonomisch formierten »Denkblockaden« weg zu räumen und mehr Utopien in »diskursiven Prozessen« zu entwickeln. Denn nur so ließe sich mit der »Zwickmühle« umgehen, in der wir stecken: »Auf der einen Seite wird der Druck, Aussagen über die Zukunft zu treffen, immer größer, auf der anderen Seite sind verlässliche Vorhersagen meist nicht möglich« (Seite 30).
-
Yu, L.; Fan, Z.; Li, A.: ¬A hierarchical typology of scholarly information units : based on a deduction-verification study (2020)
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- Abstract
- Purpose The purpose of this paper is to lay a theoretical foundation for identifying operational information units for library and information professional activities in the context of scholarly communication. Design/methodology/approach The study adopts a deduction-verification approach to formulate a typology of units for scholarly information. It first deduces possible units from an existing conceptualization of information, which defines information as the combined product of data and meaning, and then tests the usefulness of these units via two empirical investigations, one with a group of scholarly papers and the other with a sample of scholarly information users. Findings The results show that, on defining an information unit as a piece of information that is complete in both data and meaning, to such an extent that it remains meaningful to its target audience when retrieved and displayed independently in a database, it is then possible to formulate a hierarchical typology of units for scholarly information. The typology proposed in this study consists of three levels, which in turn, consists of 1, 5 and 44 units, respectively. Research limitations/implications The result of this study has theoretical implications on both the philosophical and conceptual levels: on the philosophical level, it hinges on, and reinforces the objective view of information; on the conceptual level, it challenges the conceptualization of work by IFLA's Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records and Library Reference Model but endorses that by Library of Congress's BIBFRAME 2.0 model. Practical implications It calls for reconsideration of existing operational units in a variety of library and information activities. Originality/value The study strengthens the conceptual foundation of operational information units and brings to light the primacy of "one work" as an information unit and the possibility for it to be supplemented by smaller units.
- Date
- 14. 1.2020 11:15:22
-
Shannon, C.E.: "Ein/Aus" : Ausgewählte Schriften zur Kommunikations- und Nachrichtentheorie (2000)
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- RSWK
- Informationstheorie / Aufsatzsammlung
- Subject
- Informationstheorie / Aufsatzsammlung
-
Hartel, J.; Savolainen, R.: Pictorial metaphors for information (2016)
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- Abstract
- Purpose Arts-informed, visual research was conducted to document the pictorial metaphors that appear among original drawings of information. The purpose of this paper is to report the diversity of these pictorial metaphors, delineate their formal qualities as drawings, and provide a fresh perspective on the concept of information. Design/methodology/approach The project utilized pre-existing iSquare drawings of information that were produced by iSchool graduate students during a draw-and-write activity. From a data set of 417 images, 125 of the strongest pictorial metaphors were identified and subjected to cognitive metaphor theory. Findings Overwhelmingly, the favored source domain for envisioning information was nature. The most common pictorial metaphors were: Earth, web, tree, light bulb, box, cloud, and fishing/mining, and each brings different qualities of information into focus. The drawings were often canonical versions of objects in the world, leading to arrays of pictorial metaphors marked by their similarity. Research limitations/implications Less than 30 percent of the data set qualified as pictorial metaphors, making them a minority strategy for representing information as an image. The process to identify and interpret pictorial metaphors was highly subjective. The arts-informed methodology generated tensions between artistic and social scientific paradigms. Practical implications The pictorial metaphors for information can enhance information science education and fortify professional identity among information professionals. Originality/value This is the first arts-informed, visual study of information that utilizes cognitive metaphor theory to explore the nature of information. It strengthens a sense of history, humanity, nature, and beauty in our understanding of information today, and contributes to metaphor research at large.
-
Davidson, J.D.; Rees-Mogg, W.: Sovereign individual (1997)
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- LCSH
- World politics / 1989 / Forecasting
- Subject
- World politics / 1989 / Forecasting
