Search (10 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Discusses how classification systems have developed to perform the work of articulation in electronic libraries as exemplified by projects involving cooperative design of classificatory structures and democratic classification and indexing. Delineates the stages in this evolution and focuses on the mutual design activity of libraries and users which took place in the development of an enriched multimedia catalogue on the WWW at Ballerup public library in Denmark and on research in england into the democratic indexing of images and fiction. Although recent projects are promising it is important to avoid a mechanistic concept of knowledge and maintain a social view

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Content

The notion of the classification scheme as a transitional element or "boundary object" (Star, 1989) offers an alternative to the more traditional approach that views classification as an organizational structure imposed upon a body of knowledge to facilitate access within a universal and frequently static framework. Recognition of the underlying relationship between user access and the collective knowledge structures that are the basis for knowledge production indicates the dynamic role of classification in supporting coherence and articulation across heterogeneous contexts. To this end, it is argued that the library should be an active participant in the production of knowledge, and that this role can be effected by the development of classificatory structures that can support the needs of a diverse information ecology consisting of a complex web of interacting agents, users, and technologies. Within such an information ecology, a classificatory structure cannot follow a one-size-fits-all paradigm but must evolve in cooperative interaction between librarians and their user groups.

Footnote

Artikel in einem Themenheft "How Classifications Work: Problems and Challenges in an Electronic Age"

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Abstract

Work centered design of classification schemes is an emerging area of research which poses particular challenges to domain analysis and scheme construction. A key challenge in work centered design of classification schemes is the evolving semantics of work. This article introduces a work centered approach to the design of classification schemes, based an the framework of cognitive work analysis. We launch collaborative task situations as a new unit of analysis for capturing evolving semantic structures in work domains. An example case from a cognitive work analysis of three national film research archives illustrates the application of the framework for identifying actors' needs for a classification scheme to support collaborative knowledge integration. It is concluded that a main contribution of the new approach is support for empirical analysis and overall design of classification schemes that can serve as material interfaces for actors' negotiations and integration of knowledge perspectives during collaborative work.

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Abstract

This paper introduces a new approach to the design of classification schemes for complex work domains to help structure the knowledge domains in databases for single users and multiple users in co-operative work. Ecological work based classification schemes are designed on the basis of an empirical analysis of the invariant structures of the work domain and of the information needs of its actors. Invariant structures of a work domain can be explicit or implicit (hidden structures). The invariant structures are identified through empirical analysis of field studies in work domains, guided by the use of a means ends abstraction hierarchy. This hierarchy provides a model for analyzing, or-ganizing and relating different levels of properties within a work domain. The resulting structure is an ecological classification scheme, comprising the different dimensions or categories of domain information that needs to be available for an actor to make a decision. Contrary to traditional classification systems which usually are designed from one particular point of view (a single discipline, paradigm or purpose), ecological classification schemes provide a transparent and structured information environment in which actors can navigate freely according to their current perspectives of work and subjective preferences

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Abstract

Collaborative integration of knowledge in distributed and cross-disciplinary work domains poses a number of challenges to classification, comprising: 1) how to analyze the actors' current practice of integration of knowledge and 2) how to model consistent semantic support of diverse interpretive perspectives among the actors. This paper introduces a cognitive systems engineering approach to modelling collaborative integration of knowledge in work domains. A generic means-ends model provides a theoretical foundation for mapping the territory of collaborative work. A decision task model captures the actors' distributed decision-making in integration of knowledge. The problem of collaborative integration of knowledge in a distributed web-based film collaboratory is explored through an empirical case of collaborative film indexing. The empirical study identified a lack of tools for consistent support of integration of knowledge. The means-ends model and the decision task model guided the design of a conceptual structure of the common workspace of film indexing. The paper concludes with a proposal for further work an models for integration of knowledge through ecological classification schemes. 1. Introduction Current work practice and knowledge production to an increasing degree involves actors from different disciplines, cultures and organisations. Additionally, current work practice not only relies an authoritative orderings of knowledge, but also relies an the dynamism of the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, i.e. their shared interpretations of knowledge, exchange of perspectives and joint knowledge production. Consequently, in order to support the actors' ongoing collaborative integration of knowledge, the design of support tools, like classification schemes, must address not only the order of knowledge, but also the situational contexts where collaborative integration of knowledge occurs. This paper introduces an ecological approach to integration of knowledge across boundaries in distributed collaboratory work environments, which is founded an (a) work domain analysis (b) the development of models for collaborative integration of knowledge. The work domain analysis is based an means-ends analysis of the territory of work and the actors' information needs during decision making. The result is conceptual structures of collaborative work that can be used to create collaborative classification schemes. Previous work an design of ecological classification schemes proposed that such schemes should be based an a finegrained empirical analysis of actors' collaborative decision tasks in order to identify the knowledge produced and needed by the actors (Pejtersen & Albrechtsen, 2000).

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Abstract

This paper introduces the Just-in-Time Teaching (JiTT) digital library and describes the pedagogical nature of the resources that make up this library for educators. Because resources in this library are stored in the form of metadata records, the utility of the metadata scheme, its elements and its relationships is central to the ability of the library to address the pedagogical needs of instructors in the work domain of the classroom. The analytic framework provided by cognitive work analysis (CWA) is proposed as an innovative approach for evaluating the effectiveness of the JiTT metadata scheme. CWA is also discussed as an approach to assessing the ability of this extensive networked library to create a common digital environment that fosters cooperation and collaboration among instructors.

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Abstract

Recently, a new book on knowledge organization has been published by Greenwood Press. The title is 'Information seeking and subject representation: an activity-theoretical approach to information science'. This book presents a new general theory for information science and knowledge organization, based on a theory of information seeking. The author is Dr. Birger Hjørland, Royal School of Library and Information Science. In 1994, he presented his work on theory for KO at the 3rd International ISKO conference in Copenhagen. The book aims to provide both a new understanding for the foundations of information science and knowledge organization, and to provide new directions in research and teaching within these fields. KO (Hanne Albrechtsen) has interviewed Birger HjÝrland in Copenhagen about his views on knowledge organization and subject representation

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Abstract

The paper presents a qualitative empirical evaluation of the Collate collaboratory, with special emphasis on management of knowledge integration and categorical complexity. The empirical evaluation of the Collate collaboratory was conducted in an evaluation workshop where professionals from the archives collaborated an co-creation of film censorship history, interacted with prototypes and discussed the use problems with the evaluators. The collaboratory features two distinct modules for management of knowledge integration in the common workspace, through annotation and indexing of documents. The empirical evaluation indicates that the deeper semantics of knowledge integration evolves in collaborative task situations, where the work processes of annotation and indexing are inexorably linked in the professionals' collaborative decision-making, and that there is a need for a consistent and uniform semantic support of management of knowledge integration in the collaboratory.

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Content

German ISKO The German ISKO held its 10th conference in Vienna from July 3rd to 5th 2006-just before the International ISKO Conference. Main themes were Compatibility and Heterogeneity, Ethics and Future of Knowledge Organization. The program contained some English lessons and a tutorial on Ontologies. The German proceedings (Fortschritte in der Wissensorganisation 10) will be published in 2007 by Ergon together with some remaining papers of the international conference. The next German conference will be held in November 2007 in Konstanz with a focus on sustainability. Jörn Sieglerschmidt will be the local organizer 2007 as well as the new German ISKO treasurer. - H. Peter OHLY Extensions and Corrections to the UDC, 28 (2006) The next issue of Extensions and Corrections (E&C), to be published by the end of 2006, will bring to the UDC community important revisions and additions to the schedule, notably an extensive revision of parts of the Area Table concerning some countries of east and southeast Asia and Africa, and the expansion of Class 2 for Islam, which provides a very rich structure and vocabulary for one of the main religions of the world, thus enhancing UDC in an important subject area of worldwide application. Through the contribution of VINITI's collaborators, it was also possible to advance revision work in the areas of Mathematics and Physics, also published in this vol ume. The ongoing work on a proposal for the revision of Class 61 Medicine continued to receive the expert attention of Professor Nancy Williamson, and this year a proposal for the digestive system is included in E&C. Finally, An Extended Table of Common Auxiliaries (Except Place), compiled by G. Robinson, is presented as a special Annex. Although this is not part of the UDC Master Reference File, it is intended as an authoritative source of all that is currently valid in Tables 1a to 1d and 1f to 1k, and including details from older editions, at the 'full' level, that have never been cancelled. This comes in the same line as the Extended Place Table (Table le) published last year, together with Extensions and Corrections 27 (2005). Additionally this issue will feature a set of articles of interest to classification experts and users. Topics include: an exploration in mapping the UDC to DDC, interfaces to classification and UDC application in online catalogs and information on a new editorial support system being developed for UDC.