-
Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022)
0.24
0.23988402 = product of:
0.47976804 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.048941493 = weight(_text_:work in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048941493 = score(doc=862,freq=4.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.3440991 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 862) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=862,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 862, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=862)
0.5 = coord(4/8)
- Abstract
- This research revisits the classic Turing test and compares recent large language models such as ChatGPT for their abilities to reproduce human-level comprehension and compelling text generation. Two task challenges- summary and question answering- prompt ChatGPT to produce original content (98-99%) from a single text entry and sequential questions initially posed by Turing in 1950. We score the original and generated content against the OpenAI GPT-2 Output Detector from 2019, and establish multiple cases where the generated content proves original and undetectable (98%). The question of a machine fooling a human judge recedes in this work relative to the question of "how would one prove it?" The original contribution of the work presents a metric and simple grammatical set for understanding the writing mechanics of chatbots in evaluating their readability and statistical clarity, engagement, delivery, overall quality, and plagiarism risks. While Turing's original prose scores at least 14% below the machine-generated output, whether an algorithm displays hints of Turing's true initial thoughts (the "Lovelace 2.0" test) remains unanswerable.
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
-
Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019)
0.23
0.23271671 = product of:
0.46543342 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=400,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.034606863 = weight(_text_:work in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034606863 = score(doc=400,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.2433148 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=400,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 400) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=400,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 400, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=400)
0.5 = coord(4/8)
- Abstract
- On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.
- Content
- Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
-
Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004)
0.22
0.22328858 = product of:
0.44657716 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.015750622 = product of:
0.031501245 = sum of:
0.031501245 = weight(_text_:22 in 562) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.031501245 = score(doc=562,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13569894 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.23214069 = fieldWeight in 562, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=562)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(4/8)
- Content
- Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
- Date
- 8. 1.2013 10:22:32
-
Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents
0.22
0.21892025 = product of:
0.5837873 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 2514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=2514,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2514, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2514)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.26112032 = weight(_text_:2f in 2514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26112032 = score(doc=2514,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7948135 = fieldWeight in 2514, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2514)
0.26112032 = weight(_text_:2f in 2514) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26112032 = score(doc=2514,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7948135 = fieldWeight in 2514, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2514)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.
-
Suchenwirth, L.: Sacherschliessung in Zeiten von Corona : neue Herausforderungen und Chancen (2019)
0.22
0.21892025 = product of:
0.5837873 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=484,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 484, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=484)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.26112032 = weight(_text_:2f in 484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26112032 = score(doc=484,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7948135 = fieldWeight in 484, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=484)
0.26112032 = weight(_text_:2f in 484) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.26112032 = score(doc=484,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7948135 = fieldWeight in 484, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=484)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Footnote
- https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.
-
Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008)
0.22
0.21541327 = product of:
0.5744354 = sum of:
0.0820622 = product of:
0.2461866 = sum of:
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:3a in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 140) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=140,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 140, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=140)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Content
- Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
-
Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978)
0.22
0.21541327 = product of:
0.5744354 = sum of:
0.0820622 = product of:
0.2461866 = sum of:
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:3a in 230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=230,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 230, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=230)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=230,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 230, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=230)
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 230) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=230,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 230, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=230)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Source
- https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
-
Twidale, M.B.; Nichols, D.M.: Computer supported cooperative work in information search and retrieval (1999)
0.19
0.1887978 = product of:
0.5034608 = sum of:
0.21023282 = weight(_text_:supported in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21023282 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.91606456 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.21247864 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21247864 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.9209445 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.08074934 = weight(_text_:work in 4691) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.08074934 = score(doc=4691,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56773454 = fieldWeight in 4691, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=4691)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
-
Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005)
0.19
0.18848664 = product of:
0.502631 = sum of:
0.071804434 = product of:
0.21541329 = sum of:
0.21541329 = weight(_text_:3a in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21541329 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.21541329 = weight(_text_:2f in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21541329 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
0.21541329 = weight(_text_:2f in 306) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.21541329 = score(doc=306,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.65568775 = fieldWeight in 306, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=306)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Content
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
-
Swigger, K.M.; Hartness, K.: Cooperation and online searching via a computer-supported cooperative problem solving environment (1996)
0.18
0.18387802 = product of:
0.4903414 = sum of:
0.18019956 = weight(_text_:supported in 4200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18019956 = score(doc=4200,freq=8.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7851982 = fieldWeight in 4200, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4200)
0.24092813 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 4200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.24092813 = score(doc=4200,freq=14.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
1.0442529 = fieldWeight in 4200, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4200)
0.069213726 = weight(_text_:work in 4200) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.069213726 = score(doc=4200,freq=8.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.4866296 = fieldWeight in 4200, product of:
2.828427 = tf(freq=8.0), with freq of:
8.0 = termFreq=8.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4200)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Abstract
- As the distance between remote user and librarian continues to grow, we are being forced to re-examine the way we teach librarians to work. This article suggests that in today's workplace, librarians must be adept at both technical as well as cooperative skills. It alos suggests that we must be prepared to teach librarians how to work in collaborative environments that promote clients' needs. Towards this end, we built a computer-supported cooperative problem solving environment designed to help librarians and remote users work together in performing an online search. We believe that online searching and cooperative skills are highly interrelatedad, as such, can be exercised more effectively in a computer-supported cooperative environment. The environment encourages cooperative work, and yet monitors both individual and group performance. Results from our studies indicated that groups using the interface demonstrated more effective skills than groups who performed the same task face-to-face. Furthermore, the Computer-Supported Cooperative Training environment showed that the competencies relating to group problem description and generation of alternative solutions were the most predictive of successful group interaction
-
Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009)
0.16
0.16155995 = product of:
0.43082654 = sum of:
0.06154665 = product of:
0.18463995 = sum of:
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:3a in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
0.18463995 = weight(_text_:2f in 2918) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.18463995 = score(doc=2918,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.56201804 = fieldWeight in 2918, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2918)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Footnote
- Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
-
Axelos, C.; Flasch, K.; Schepers, H.; Kuhlen, R.; Romberg, R.; Zimmermann, R.: Allgemeines/Besonderes (1971-2007)
0.15
0.15232018 = product of:
0.6092807 = sum of:
0.30464035 = weight(_text_:2f in 4031) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.30464035 = score(doc=4031,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.92728245 = fieldWeight in 4031, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4031)
0.30464035 = weight(_text_:2f in 4031) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.30464035 = score(doc=4031,freq=4.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.92728245 = fieldWeight in 4031, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=4031)
0.25 = coord(2/8)
- Footnote
- DOI: 10.24894/HWPh.5033. Vgl. unter: https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27verw.allgemeinesbesonderes%27%5D__1515856414979.
-
Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001)
0.13
0.1346333 = product of:
0.35902214 = sum of:
0.05128888 = product of:
0.15386663 = sum of:
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:3a in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:2f in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:2f in 5895) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=5895,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 5895, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=5895)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Source
- Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
0.13
0.1346333 = product of:
0.35902214 = sum of:
0.05128888 = product of:
0.15386663 = sum of:
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:3a in 76) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=76,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 76, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=76)
0.33333334 = coord(1/3)
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:2f in 76) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=76,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 76, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=76)
0.15386663 = weight(_text_:2f in 76) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.15386663 = score(doc=76,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46834838 = fieldWeight in 76, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=76)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
-
Herb, U.; Beucke, D.: ¬Die Zukunft der Impact-Messung : Social Media, Nutzung und Zitate im World Wide Web (2013)
0.12
0.1230933 = product of:
0.4923732 = sum of:
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 2188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=2188,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 2188, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2188)
0.2461866 = weight(_text_:2f in 2188) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.2461866 = score(doc=2188,freq=2.0), product of:
0.32853028 = queryWeight, product of:
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.7493574 = fieldWeight in 2188, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
8.478011 = idf(docFreq=24, maxDocs=44218)
0.0625 = fieldNorm(doc=2188)
0.25 = coord(2/8)
- Content
- Vgl. unter: https://www.leibniz-science20.de%2Fforschung%2Fprojekte%2Faltmetrics-in-verschiedenen-wissenschaftsdisziplinen%2F&ei=2jTgVaaXGcK4Udj1qdgB&usg=AFQjCNFOPdONj4RKBDf9YDJOLuz3lkGYlg&sig2=5YI3KWIGxBmk5_kv0P_8iQ.
-
Nohr, H.: Rechnergestützte Gruppenarbeit : Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (CSCW) (2004)
0.11
0.114428736 = product of:
0.3051433 = sum of:
0.12742032 = weight(_text_:supported in 2940) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.12742032 = score(doc=2940,freq=4.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.55521894 = fieldWeight in 2940, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2940)
0.1287815 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 2940) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.1287815 = score(doc=2940,freq=4.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.55817664 = fieldWeight in 2940, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2940)
0.048941493 = weight(_text_:work in 2940) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.048941493 = score(doc=2940,freq=4.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.3440991 = fieldWeight in 2940, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=2940)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Abstract
- Unter dem Schlagwort Telekooperation wird die räumlich-zeitliche Entkopplung von Arbeits- und Kooperationsprozessen beschrieben, wie sie einerseits durch neue Formen der Organisation wie Team- oder Gruppenarbeit bzw virtuelle Organisationsformen entstehen, andererseits durch die Entwicklung und Anwendung integrierter Informations- und Kommunikationstechnologien unter den Begriffen Computer-Supported Cooperative Work (dt.: rechnergestützte Gruppenarbeit) oder Groupware erst möglich werden. Dieser Beitrag gibt eine kurze Einführung in CSCW, wobei als Ausgangspunkt die Gruppenarbeit, d.h. kooperative Prozesse, gewählt wird, nicht die sie unterstützende Technik. Wir wählen diesen Ansatz, um die von Krcmar beschriebene organisatorische Seite zu betonen. Zunächst werden notwendige begriffliche Klärungen und anschließend Modelle der Klassifizierung von CSCW-Anwendungen vorgestellt. Damit sind Grundlagen gelegt, um Merkmale der rechnergestützten Gruppenarbeit näher zu betrachten und Theorien der Medienwahl und Mediennutzung zu erläutern. Danach werden CSCW Funktionsklassen mit ihren wesentlichen Merkmalen vorgestellt.
-
Farooq, U.; Ganoe, C.H.; Carroll, J.M.; Councill, I.G.; Giles, C.L.: Design and evaluation of awareness mechanisms in CiteSeer (2008)
0.10
0.10243923 = product of:
0.20487846 = sum of:
0.07508315 = weight(_text_:supported in 2051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07508315 = score(doc=2051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.3271659 = fieldWeight in 2051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2051)
0.07588523 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 2051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07588523 = score(doc=2051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.32890874 = fieldWeight in 2051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2051)
0.040784575 = weight(_text_:work in 2051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040784575 = score(doc=2051,freq=4.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.28674924 = fieldWeight in 2051, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2051)
0.01312552 = product of:
0.02625104 = sum of:
0.02625104 = weight(_text_:22 in 2051) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.02625104 = score(doc=2051,freq=2.0), product of:
0.13569894 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.19345059 = fieldWeight in 2051, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=2051)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.5 = coord(4/8)
- Abstract
- Awareness has been extensively studied in human computer interaction (HCI) and computer supported cooperative work (CSCW). The success of many collaborative systems hinges on effectively supporting awareness of different collaborators, their actions, and the process of creating shared work products. As digital libraries are increasingly becoming more than just repositories for information search and retrieval - essentially fostering collaboration among its community of users - awareness remains an unexplored research area in this domain. We are investigating awareness mechanisms in CiteSeer, a scholarly digital library for the computer and information science domain. CiteSeer users can be notified of new publication events (e.g., publication of a paper that cites one of their papers) using feeds as notification systems. We present three cumulative user studies - requirements elicitation, prototype evaluation, and naturalistic study - in the context of supporting CiteSeer feeds. Our results indicate that users prefer feeds that place target items in query-relevant contexts, and that preferred context varies with type of publication event. We found that users integrated feeds as part of their broader, everyday activities and used them as planning tools to collaborate with others.
- Date
- 29. 7.2008 19:27:22
-
Heckner, M.; Wolff, C.: Wissensmanagement mit Social Software : Editorial (2009)
0.09
0.0943989 = product of:
0.2517304 = sum of:
0.10511641 = weight(_text_:supported in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10511641 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.45803228 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.10623932 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10623932 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.46047226 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.04037467 = weight(_text_:work in 2907) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.04037467 = score(doc=2907,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.28386727 = fieldWeight in 2907, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.0546875 = fieldNorm(doc=2907)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Abstract
- In the introduction for this special issue we briefly review the development of social software, contrasting it with earlier group-based computer applications like groupware and computer- supported cooperative work. The contributions selected span a wide range starting from reflections on informality as a key property of social software. Case studies give details on using wikis for knowledge management and the influence of choosing a specific wiki engine. The transformation problem for non-digital information services is discussed in the context of a large research institute. More recent types of social systems and their potential use for knowledge management are discussed for microblogs as well as semantic wiki systems. Finally, an overview study gives information on the intensity of social software usage for customer communications in large European companies.
-
Shah, C.: Collaborative information seeking (2014)
0.08
0.08357003 = product of:
0.22285342 = sum of:
0.10618362 = weight(_text_:supported in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.10618362 = score(doc=1193,freq=4.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.4626825 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
0.07588523 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.07588523 = score(doc=1193,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.32890874 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
0.040784575 = weight(_text_:work in 1193) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.040784575 = score(doc=1193,freq=4.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.28674924 = fieldWeight in 1193, product of:
2.0 = tf(freq=4.0), with freq of:
4.0 = termFreq=4.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=1193)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Abstract
- The notions that information seeking is not always a solitary activity and that people working in collaboration for information intensive tasks should be studied and supported have become more prevalent in recent years. Several new research questions, methodologies, and systems have emerged around these notions that may prove to be useful beyond the field of collaborative information seeking (CIS), with relevance to the broader area of information seeking and behavior. This article provides an overview of such key research work from a variety of domains, including library and information science, computer-supported cooperative work, human-computer interaction, and information retrieval. It starts with explanations of collaboration and how CIS fits in different contexts, emphasizing the interactive, intentional, and mutually beneficial nature of CIS activities. Relations to similar and related fields such as collaborative information retrieval, collaborative information behavior, and collaborative filtering are also clarified. Next, the article presents a synthesis of various frameworks and models that exist in the field today, along with a new synthesis of 12 different dimensions of group activities. A discussion on issues and approaches relating to evaluating various parameters in CIS follows. Finally, a list of known issues and challenges is presented to provide an overview of research opportunities in this field.
-
Hartel, J.; Thomson, L.: Visual approaches and photography for the study of immediate information space (2011)
0.08
0.08091334 = product of:
0.21576892 = sum of:
0.09009978 = weight(_text_:supported in 4923) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09009978 = score(doc=4923,freq=2.0), product of:
0.22949564 = queryWeight, product of:
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.3925991 = fieldWeight in 4923, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.9223356 = idf(docFreq=321, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4923)
0.09106228 = weight(_text_:cooperative in 4923) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.09106228 = score(doc=4923,freq=2.0), product of:
0.23071818 = queryWeight, product of:
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.3946905 = fieldWeight in 4923, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
5.953884 = idf(docFreq=311, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4923)
0.034606863 = weight(_text_:work in 4923) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034606863 = score(doc=4923,freq=2.0), product of:
0.14223081 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.03875087 = queryNorm
0.2433148 = fieldWeight in 4923, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6703904 = idf(docFreq=3060, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=4923)
0.375 = coord(3/8)
- Abstract
- This methods-oriented paper introduces visual methods and specifically photography to study immediate information space (Lee, 2003); that is, information-rich settings such as offices or homes. It draws upon the authors' firsthand ethnographic field experiences, a review of relevant theoretical and methodological literature, and an analysis of cases within information studies that have made use of visual and photographic techniques. To begin, the traditions of visual research within anthropology and sociology are traced and major epistemological, methodological, and disciplinary debates associated with visual scholarship are presented. Then, investigations of immediate information space that utilize photography are analyzed, including examples from the areas of personal information management, health informatics, information behavior, and computer-supported cooperative work. Moreover, a section entitled "Applying Photographic Techniques." supplies guidelines for employing photography in a research design, as well as a question-based research framework and tips for photographing information phenomena.
