Search (415 results, page 1 of 21)

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Abstract

On a scientific concept hierarchy, a parent concept may have a few attributes, each of which has multiple values being a group of child concepts. We call these attributes facets: classification has a few facets such as application (e.g., face recognition), model (e.g., svm, knn), and metric (e.g., precision). In this work, we aim at building faceted concept hierarchies from scientific literature. Hierarchy construction methods heavily rely on hypernym detection, however, the faceted relations are parent-to-child links but the hypernym relation is a multi-hop, i.e., ancestor-to-descendent link with a specific facet "type-of". We use information extraction techniques to find synonyms, sibling concepts, and ancestor-descendent relations from a data science corpus. And we propose a hierarchy growth algorithm to infer the parent-child links from the three types of relationships. It resolves conflicts by maintaining the acyclic structure of a hierarchy.

Content

Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.

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Abstract

The successes of information retrieval (IR) in recent decades were built upon bag-of-words representations. Effective as it is, bag-of-words is only a shallow text understanding; there is a limited amount of information for document ranking in the word space. This dissertation goes beyond words and builds knowledge based text representations, which embed the external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases, and provide richer and structured evidence for more advanced information retrieval systems. This thesis research first builds query representations with entities associated with the query. Entities' descriptions are used by query expansion techniques that enrich the query with explanation terms. Then we present a general framework that represents a query with entities that appear in the query, are retrieved by the query, or frequently show up in the top retrieved documents. A latent space model is developed to jointly learn the connections from query to entities and the ranking of documents, modeling the external evidence from knowledge bases and internal ranking features cooperatively. To further improve the quality of relevant entities, a defining factor of our query representations, we introduce learning to rank to entity search and retrieve better entities from knowledge bases. In the document representation part, this thesis research also moves one step forward with a bag-of-entities model, in which documents are represented by their automatic entity annotations, and the ranking is performed in the entity space.
This proposal includes plans to improve the quality of relevant entities with a co-learning framework that learns from both entity labels and document labels. We also plan to develop a hybrid ranking system that combines word based and entity based representations together with their uncertainties considered. At last, we plan to enrich the text representations with connections between entities. We propose several ways to infer entity graph representations for texts, and to rank documents using their structure representations. This dissertation overcomes the limitation of word based representations with external and carefully curated information from knowledge bases. We believe this thesis research is a solid start towards the new generation of intelligent, semantic, and structured information retrieval.

Content

Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.

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Abstract

By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.

Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.

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Abstract

"Wir ertrinken in Informationen, aber uns dürstet nach Wissen." Trendforscher John Naisbitt drückt hiermit aus, dass es dem Menschen heute nicht mehr möglich ist die Informationsflut, die sich über ihn ergießt, effizient zu verwerten. Er lebt in einer globalisierten Welt mit einem vielfältigen Angebot an Medien, wie Presse, Radio, Fernsehen und dem Internet. Die Problematik der mangelnden Auswertbarkeit von großen Informationsmengen ist dabei vor allem im Internet akut. Die Quantität, Verbreitung, Aktualität und Verfügbarkeit sind die großen Vorteile des World Wide Web (WWW). Die Probleme liegen in der Qualität und Dichte der Informationen. Das Information Retrieval muss effizienter gestaltet werden, um den wirtschaftlichen und kulturellen Nutzen einer vernetzten Welt zu erhalten.Matthias Erbarth beleuchtet zunächst genau diesen Themenkomplex, um im Anschluss ein Format für elektronische Dokumente, insbesondere kommerzielle Publikationen, zu entwickeln. Dieses Anwendungsbeispiel stellt eine semantische Inhaltsbeschreibung mit Metadaten mittels XML vor, wobei durch Nutzung von Verweisen und Auswertung von Zusammenhängen insbesondere eine netzförmige Darstellung berücksichtigt wird.

Classification

AP 15860 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Formen der Kommunikation und des Kommunikationsdesigns / Kommunikationsdesign in elektronischen Medien

RVK

AP 15860 Allgemeines / Medien- und Kommunikationswissenschaften, Kommunikationsdesign / Formen der Kommunikation und des Kommunikationsdesigns / Kommunikationsdesign in elektronischen Medien

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Abstract

Menschliches Wissen und menschliche Sprache sind aufeinander bezogen und voneinander abhängig. Dies gilt auch und gerade bei den Bemühungen, Sprache und Wissen computergestützt so zu verarbeiten, dass für Menschen nutzbare maschinelle Wissensverarbeitung stattfindet. Jenseits von eher akademischen "Laborversuchen" hat wissenschaftliche Forschungsarbeit auf diesem Gebiet die Verfügbarkeit umfangreicher, gepflegter und sauber codierter Wissensbasen sowohl der verwendeten Sprache als auch des abgebildeten Gegenstands zur Voraussetzung. In einem Forschungsprojekt der Firma Brockhaus Duden Neue Medien GmbH gemeinsam mit namhaften wissenschaftlichen Partnern, u.a. dem Fraunhofer-IPSI, dem IICM der TU Graz, dem IAI der Universität Saarbrücken und dem KNOW-Center, Graz, wurde diese Herausforderung erfolgreich angegangen. Für eine neue digitale Brockhaus-Auflage wurden Informationsrepräsentations- und Retrievaltechniken entwickelt, die nicht auf domänenspezifischen Beschränkungen beruhend den gesamten enzyklopädischen Wissenskreis abdecken. Die entwickelten Formalismen erwiesen sich nicht nur zur Abfrage des enzyklopädischen Wissens in natürlicher Sprache als geeignet, sondern konnten auch darauf basierend neuartige Formen der Visualisierung von Wissenszusammenhängen implementiert werden. Die Ergebnisse zeigen zum einen Möglichkeiten erfolgreichen semantischen Retrievals ohne extensiven Einsatzformaler Metacodierungen, zum anderen weisen sie den Weg und die nächsten Schritte bei der Entwicklung noch leistungsfähigerer Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen.

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 57(2006) H.6/7, S.337-342

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Abstract

Moderne Verfahren des Information Retrieval verlangen nach aussagekräftigen und detailliert relationierten Dokumentationssprachen. Der selektive Transfer einzelner Modellierungsstrategien aus dem Bereich semantischer Technologien für die Gestaltung und Relationierung bestehender Dokumentationssprachen wird diskutiert. In Form einer Taxonomie wird ein hierarchisch strukturiertes Relationeninventar definiert, welches sowohl hinreichend allgemeine als auch zahlreiche spezifische Relationstypen enthält, die eine detaillierte und damit aussagekräftige Relationierung des Vokabulars ermöglichen. Das bringt einen Zugewinn an Übersichtlichkeit und Funktionalität. Im Gegensatz zu anderen Ansätzen und Überlegungen zur Schaffung von Relationeninventaren entwickelt der vorgestellte Vorschlag das Relationeninventar aus der Begriffsmenge eines bestehenden Gegenstandsbereichs heraus.

Date

2. 3.2013 12:29:05

Source

Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly

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Imprint

Wismar : Hochschule Wismar; Fachbereich Wirtschaft

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Abstract

Dieses Lehrbuch bietet eine umfassende Einführung in Grundlagen, Potentiale und Anwendungen Semantischer Technologien. Es richtet sich an Studierende der Informatik und angrenzender Fächer sowie an Entwickler, die Semantische Technologien am Arbeitsplatz oder in verteilten Applikationen nutzen möchten. Mit seiner an praktischen Beispielen orientierten Darstellung gibt es aber auch Anwendern und Entscheidern in Unternehmen einen breiten Überblick über Nutzen und Möglichkeiten dieser Technologie. Semantische Technologien versetzen Computer in die Lage, Informationen nicht nur zu speichern und wieder zu finden, sondern sie ihrer Bedeutung entsprechend auszuwerten, zu verbinden, zu Neuem zu verknüpfen, und so flexibel und zielgerichtet nützliche Leistungen zu erbringen. Das vorliegende Buch stellt im ersten Teil die als Semantische Technologien bezeichneten Techniken, Sprachen und Repräsentationsformalismen vor. Diese Elemente erlauben es, das in Informationen enthaltene Wissen formal und damit für den Computer verarbeitbar zu beschreiben, Konzepte und Beziehungen darzustellen und schließlich Inhalte zu erfragen, zu erschließen und in Netzen zugänglich zu machen. Der zweite Teil beschreibt, wie mit Semantischen Technologien elementare Funktionen und umfassende Dienste der Informations- und Wissensverarbeitung realisiert werden können. Hierzu gehören etwa die Annotation und das Erschließen von Information, die Suche in den resultierenden Strukturen, das Erklären von Bedeutungszusammenhängen sowie die Integration einzelner Komponenten in komplexe Ablaufprozesse und Anwendungslösungen. Der dritte Teil beschreibt schließlich vielfältige Anwendungsbeispiele in unterschiedlichen Bereichen und illustriert so Mehrwert, Potenzial und Grenzen von Semantischen Technologien. Die dargestellten Systeme reichen von Werkzeugen für persönliches, individuelles Informationsmanagement über Unterstützungsfunktionen für Gruppen bis hin zu neuen Ansätzen im Internet der Dinge und Dienste, einschließlich der Integration verschiedener Medien und Anwendungen von Medizin bis Musik.

Footnote

Auch als digitale Ausgabe verfügbar. Auf S. 5 befindet sich der Satz: "Wissen ist Information, die in Aktion umgesetzt wird".

RSWK

Semantic Web / Information Extraction / Suche / Wissensbasiertes System / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Semantic Web / Information Extraction / Suche / Wissensbasiertes System / Aufsatzsammlung

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Imprint

Chur : Hochschule für Technik und Wirtschaft

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Abstract

This book covers the basics of semantic web technologies and indexing languages, and describes their contribution to improve languages as a tool for subject queries and knowledge exploration. The book is relevant to information scientists, knowledge workers and indexers. It provides a suitable combination of theoretical foundations and practical applications.

Content

Introduction: envisioning semantic information spacesIndexing and knowledge organization -- Semantic technologies for knowledge representation -- Information retrieval and knowledge exploration -- Approaches to handle heterogeneity -- Problems with establishing semantic interoperability -- Formalization in indexing languages -- Typification of semantic relations -- Inferences in retrieval processes -- Semantic interoperability and inferences -- Remaining research questions.

Date

23. 7.2017 13:49:22

LCSH

Information retrieval
Knowledge representation (Information theory)
Information organization

RSWK

Information Retrieval

Subject

Information retrieval
Knowledge representation (Information theory)
Information organization
Information Retrieval

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Series

Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47

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Series

Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47

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Abstract

Ontologies have become an important issue in research communities across several disciplines. This paper discusses some of the innovative techniques involving automatic terminology resources acquisition are briefly discussed. Suggests that NLP-based ontologies are useful in reducing the cost of ontology engineering. Emphasizes that linguistic ontologies covering both ontological and lexical information can offer solutions since they can be more easily updated by the resources of NLP products.

Date

29. 2.2008 16:25:23

Source

Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Professor A. Neelameghan Festschrift. Ed. by K.S. Raghavan and K.N. Prasad

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Date

20.12.2018 12:39:29

Theme

Information

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Abstract

Intuition suggests that one way to enhance the information retrieval process would be the use of phrases to characterize the contents of text. A number of researchers, however, have noted that phrases alone do not improve retrieval effectiveness. In this paper we briefly review the use of phrases in information retrieval and then suggest extensions to this paradigm using semantic information. We claim that semantic processing, which can be viewed as expressing relations between the concepts represented by phrases, will in fact enhance retrieval effectiveness. The availability of the UMLS® domain model, which we exploit extensively, significantly contributes to the feasibility of this processing.

Date

29. 6.2015 14:51:28

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Abstract

We present an Information Retrieval System for scientific publications that provides the possibility to filter results according to semantic facets. We use sentence-level semantic annotations that identify specific semantic relations in texts, such as methods, definitions, hypotheses, that correspond to common information needs related to scientific literature. The semantic annotations are obtained using a rule-based method that identifies linguistic clues organized into a linguistic ontology. The system is implemented using Solr Search Server and offers efficient search and navigation in scientific papers.

Series

Communications in computer and information science; vol.475

Source

Semantic Web Evaluation Challenge. SemWebEval 2014 at ESWC 2014, Anissaras, Crete, Greece, May 25-29, 2014, Revised Selected Papers. Eds.: V. Presutti et al

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Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Kompatibilität, Medien und Ethik in der Wissensorganisation - Compatibility, Media and Ethics in Knowledge Organization: Proceedings der 10. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation Wien, 3.-5. Juli 2006 - Proceedings of the 10th Conference of the German Section of the International Society of Knowledge Organization Vienna, 3-5 July 2006. Ed.: H.P. Ohly, S. Netscher u. K. Mitgutsch

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Medien in der Wissenschaft; Bd.47