-
Informations- und Kommunikationsutopien (2008)
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- RSWK
- Informationstechnik / Utopie / Medien / Ethik / Kongress / Stuttgart <2006>
Informationstechnik / Utopie / Medien / Informationsethik / Kongress / Stuttgart <2006>
- Subject
- Informationstechnik / Utopie / Medien / Ethik / Kongress / Stuttgart <2006>
Informationstechnik / Utopie / Medien / Informationsethik / Kongress / Stuttgart <2006>
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Levy, S.: In the plex : how Google thinks, works, and shapes our lives (2011)
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- Abstract
- Few companies in history have ever been as successful and as admired as Google, the company that has transformed the Internet and become an indispensable part of our lives. How has Google done it? Veteran technology reporter Steven Levy was granted unprecedented access to the company, and in this revelatory book he takes readers inside Google headquarters-the Googleplex-to show how Google works. While they were still students at Stanford, Google cofounders Larry Page and Sergey Brin revolutionized Internet search. They followed this brilliant innovation with another, as two of Google's earliest employees found a way to do what no one else had: make billions of dollars from Internet advertising. With this cash cow (until Google's IPO nobody other than Google management had any idea how lucrative the company's ad business was), Google was able to expand dramatically and take on other transformative projects: more efficient data centers, open-source cell phones, free Internet video (YouTube), cloud computing, digitizing books, and much more. The key to Google's success in all these businesses, Levy reveals, is its engineering mind-set and adoption of such Internet values as speed, openness, experimentation, and risk taking. After its unapologetically elitist approach to hiring, Google pampers its engineers-free food and dry cleaning, on-site doctors and masseuses-and gives them all the resources they need to succeed. Even today, with a workforce of more than 23,000, Larry Page signs off on every hire. But has Google lost its innovative edge? It stumbled badly in China-Levy discloses what went wrong and how Brin disagreed with his peers on the China strategy-and now with its newest initiative, social networking, Google is chasing a successful competitor for the first time. Some employees are leaving the company for smaller, nimbler start-ups. Can the company that famously decided not to be evil still compete? No other book has ever turned Google inside out as Levy does with In the Plex.
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Kuhlen, R.: Informationsethik : Umgang mit Wissen und Information in elektronischen Räumen (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2005) H.2, S.121 (K. Weber): "Rainer Kuhlen ist Professor für Informationswissenschaft an der Universität Konstanz und Lehrbeauftragter am Institut für Bibliothekswissenschaft der HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin. Seine "Informationsethik" ist als Lehrbuch konzipiert; dies ist schon allein daran ersichtlich, dass jedes Kapitel mit "Kontrollfragen" schließt, die Studierenden ermöglichen sollen, zu prüfen, ob der bisher thematisierte Stoff erfasst wurde. Der Text selbst ist in verschiedenen Schriftgrößen gesetzt. Es finden sich kleiner gesetzte Passagen, die der Autor als besonders wichtig und als Kondensat der bis dahin gebotenen Ausführungen anzusehen scheint. Dies mag für ein Selbststudium hilfreich sein, sofern man beim Autor studiert. Ob dies aber für alle Studierenden der Informationswissenschaft oder angrenzender Fächer gilt, kann man bezweifeln. Das Feld der Informationsethik ist stark in Bewegung, das Feld ist recht heterogen. Es ist zwar legitim und wünschenswert, den Versuch der Kanonisierung in der Lehre zu unternehmen, doch scheint dies noch verfrüht. Kuhlen selbst verweist mehrfach darauf, dass die Debatte der Informationsethik im Fluss ist; daher kann der Ausweis vermeintlich wichtiger und weniger wichtiger Aussagen gerade dann fehlleiten, wenn gleichzeitig der Anspruch der Allgemeingültigkeit und Vollständigkeit erhoben wird - und dieser Anspruch steckt überall in Kuhlens Buch. Die Stärke des Buchs liegt darin, dass es eine Fülle von Informationen zur Informationsethik und der darin behandelten Fragen bietet - es werden die großen Probleme angesprochen. Hier an Details zu mäkeln würde dem Anspruch des Buchs nicht gerecht werden; nimmt man die Konzeption als Lehrbuch ernst, so muss das Hauptziel sein, den Studierenden einen breiten Einblick in die jeweiligen Problemlagen zu verschaffen. Dies leistet das Buch ohne Zweifel.
- Imprint
- Konstanz : UVK
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Sunstein, C.: Infotopia : wie viele Köpfe Wissen produzieren (2009)
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- Abstract
- Die Produktion und Verbreitung von Informationen und Wissen ist heute nicht mehr nur die Sache weniger hochspezialisierter Experten und exklusiver Kreise, sondern vielmehr ein kollektives Unternehmen. Viele Köpfe auf der ganzen Welt - Sachverständige wie Laien - arbeiten von heimischen Rechnern aus über Wikis, Blogs und Open-Source-Projekte gemeinsam am Wissenskorpus der Menschheit, der dann über das Internet fast jedermann zur Verfügung steht. Fluch oder Segen? Werden wir durch die Überflutung mit ungesicherten Informationen zu Schafen einer digitalen Herde, die einfach das glauben, was viele für richtig halten, und nicht, was wirklich richtig ist? Oder verwirklicht sich hier gerade eine Utopie: alles zu wissen, was jeder von uns weiß? Cass R. Sunstein exponiert sich in seinem neuen Buch als entschiedener Infotopist. Traditionelle geschlossene Expertenzirkel, so zeigt er, werden häufig zu »Informationskokons«, aus denen heraus nicht selten Entscheidungen mit fatalen Folgen getroffen werden - etwa jene, die zur Rechtfertigung des Irak-Krieges, zum Zusammenbruch von Enron und zum Absturz des Space Shuttle Columbia geführt haben. Die neuen Formen kollektiven Wissenserwerbs unterliegen hingegen einem Prozeß, in dem Informationen fortlaufend und öffentlich ausgetauscht, aktualisiert und kritisiert werden. Anhand zahlreicher schlagender Beispiele und mit theoretischer Prägnanz erarbeitet Sunstein Regeln für eine Kommunikation im offenen Wissensnetzwerk, mit denen sich diese Diskussionsprozesse so gestalten lassen, daß wir zu mehr und vor allem exakterem Wissen kommen, an dem wir im infotopischen Idealfall alle partizipieren können.
- Content
- EINLEITUNG: Träume und Alpträume KAPITEL I: Die (gelegentliche) Macht der Zahlen KAPITEL 2: Das überraschende Versagen diskutierender Gruppen KAPITEL 3: Vier große Probleme KAPITEL 4: Geld, Preise und Prognosemarkte KAPITEL 5: Die Arbeit vieler Köpfe: Wikis, Open-Source-Software und Blogs KAPITEL 6: Folgerungen und Reformen SCHLUSS: Das Versprochene verwirklichen
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Mossberger, K.; Tolbert, C.J.; Stansbury, M.: Virtual inequality : beyond the digital divide (2003)
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- Abstract
- That there is a "digital divide" - which falls between those who have and can afford the latest in technological tools and those who have neither in our society - is indisputable. "Virtual Inequality" redefines the issue as it explores the cascades of that divide, which involve access, skill, political participation, as well as the obvious economics. Computer and Internet access are insufficient without the skill to use the technology, and economic opportunity and political participation provide primary justification for realizing that this inequality is a public problem and not simply a matter of private misfortune. Defying those who say the divide is growing smaller, this volume, based on a national survey that includes data from over 1800 respondents in low-income communities, shows otherwise. In addition to demonstrating why disparities persist in such areas as technological abilities, the survey also shows that the digitally disadvantaged often share many of the same beliefs as their more privileged counterparts. African-Americans, for instance, are even more positive in their attitudes toward technology than whites are in many respects, contrary to conventional wisdom. The rigorous research on which the conclusions are based is presented accessibly and in an easy-to-follow manner. Not content with analysis alone, nor the untangling of the complexities of policymaking, "Virtual Inequality" views the digital divide compassionately in its human dimensions and recommends a set of practical and common-sense policy strategies. Inequality, even in a virtual form this book reminds us, is unacceptable and a situation that society is compelled to address.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 55(2004) no.5, S.467-468 (W. Koehler): "Virtual Inequality is an important contribution to the digital divide debate. That debate takes two basic forms. One centers an the divide between the "information rich" developed countries and the "information poor" developing countries. The second is concerned with the rift between information "haves" and "have-nots" within countries. This book addresses the latter domain and is concerned with the digital divide in the United States. This book is the product of a cross-disciplinary collaboration. Mossberger and Tolbert are both members of the Kent State University political science department while Stansbury is an the Library and Information Science faculty. The book is extremely well documented. Perhaps the chapter an the democracy divide and e-government is the best done, reflecting the political science bent of two of the authors. E-government is very well covered. Unfortunately, e-commerce and e-education go virtually unmentioned. If e-government is important to defining the digital divide, then certainly e-commerce and e-education are as well. Mossberger, Tolbert, and Stansbury argue that the digital divide should be described as four different divides: the access divide, the skills divide, the economic opportunity divide, and the democratic divide. Each of these divides is developed in its own chapter. Each chapter draws well an the existing literature. The book is valuable if for no other reason than that it provides an excellent critique of the current state of the understanding of the digital divide in the United States. It is particularly good in its contrast of the approaches taken by the Clinton and George W. Bush administrations. Perhaps this is a function of the multidisciplinary strength of the book's authorship, for indeed it shows here. The access divide is defined along "connectivity" lines: who has access to digital technologies. The authors tonfirm the conventional wisdom that age and education are important predictors of in-home access, but they also argue that rate and ethnicity are also factors (pp. 32-33): Asian Americans have greatest access followed by whites, Latinos, and African Americans in that order. Most access the Internet from home or work, followed by friends' computers, libraries, and other access points. The skills divide is defined as technical competence and information literacy (p. 38). Variation was found along technical competence for age, education, affluence, rate, and ethnicity, but not gender (p. 47). The authors conclude that for the most part the skills divide mirrors the access divide (p. 55). While they found no gender difference, they did find a gender preference for skills acquisition: males prefer a more impersonal delivery ("online help and tutorials") while females prefer more personal instruction (p. 56).
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Mossberger, K.; Tolbert, C.J.; McNeal, R.S.: Digital citizenship : the internet, society, and participation (2007)
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- Abstract
- This analysis of how the ability to participate in society online affects political and economic opportunity and finds that technology use matters in wages and income and civic participation and voting.Just as education has promoted democracy and economic growth, the Internet has the potential to benefit society as a whole. Digital citizenship, or the ability to participate in society online, promotes social inclusion. But statistics show that significant segments of the population are still excluded from digital citizenship.The authors of this book define digital citizens as those who are online daily. By focusing on frequent use, they reconceptualize debates about the digital divide to include both the means and the skills to participate online. They offer new evidence (drawn from recent national opinion surveys and Current Population Surveys) that technology use matters for wages and income, and for civic engagement and voting."Digital Citizenship" examines three aspects of participation in society online: economic opportunity, democratic participation, and inclusion in prevailing forms of communication. The authors find that Internet use at work increases wages, with less-educated and minority workers receiving the greatest benefit, and that Internet use is significantly related to political participation, especially among the young. The authors examine in detail the gaps in technological access among minorities and the poor and predict that this digital inequality is not likely to disappear in the near future. Public policy, they argue, must address educational and technological disparities if we are to achieve full participation and citizenship in the twenty-first century.
- Content
- Inhalt: Defining digital citizenship -- Benefits of society online : economic opportunity / with Kimberly Johns -- Benefits of society online : civic engagement / with Jason McDonald -- Benefits of society online : political participation -- From the digital divide to digital citizenship / with Bridgett King -- Broadband and digital citizenship -- Public education and universal access : beyond the digital divide -- Appendix : multivariate regression models.
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Kleinwächter, W.: Macht und Geld im Cyberspace : wie der Weltgipfel zur Informationsgesellschaft (WSIS) die Weichen für die Zukunft stellt (2004)
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- Date
- 20.12.2006 18:22:32
- Isbn
- 3-936931-22-4
