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Abstract

This book explores the software design, social practices, and collaboration theory that would be needed to support group cognition - collective knowledge that is constructed by small groups online. Innovative uses of global and local networks of linked computers make new ways of collaborative working, learning, and acting possible. In "Group Cognition", Gerry Stahl explores the technological and social reconfigurations that are needed to achieve computer-supported collaborative knowledge building - group cognition that transcends the limits of individual cognition. Computers can provide active media for social group cognition where ideas grow through the interactions within groups of people; software functionality can manage group discourse that results in shared understandings, new meanings, and collaborative learning. Stahl offers software design prototypes, analyses empirical instances of collaboration, and elaborates a theory of collaboration that takes the group, rather than the individual, as the unit of analysis. Stahl's design studies concentrate on mechanisms to support group formation, multiple interpretive perspectives, and the negotiation of group knowledge in applications as varied as collaborative curriculum development by teachers, writing summaries by students, and designing space voyages by NASA engineers. His empirical analysis shows how, in small-group collaborations, the group constructs intersubjective knowledge that emerges from and appears in the discourse itself. This discovery of group meaning becomes the springboard for Stahl's outline of a social theory of collaborative knowing. Stahl also discusses such related issues as the distinction between meaning making at the group level and interpretation at the individual level, appropriate research methodology, philosophical directions for group cognition theory, and suggestions for further empirical work.

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 59(2008) no.9, S.1531. (C. Caldeira): "Successful, real-world organizations employ groups to get work done. Despite the large number of years of collaborative models in work-group paradigm, it is a little surprising that there are very few books about the subject. Furthermore, most of those studies are mainly focused on work group performance management and work productivity. This text belongs to the advanced type, and is a valuable resource for graduate students in a wide range of courses and for a large spectrum of professionals interested in collaborative work. Due to its advanced level, some topics are relatively difficult to understand if the reader does not have some background in collaborative work and group cognition. Students who use this book will rapidly understand the most important topics of the science of collaboration for computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning, and their relation to the business world of our days. The main concern and fundamental idea of this book is to set its focus primarily on work group, and not on individuals. Stahl's baseline is to use the science of collaboration for computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning to conduct comparative studies on group interaction, group meaning, group cognition, group discourse, and thinking. The book is divided into three distinct parts. The first one is about the design of computer support for collaborative work and presents eight studies centered on software tools and their particular applications: The first three are AI applications for collaborative computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning, the fourth and the fifth are about collaborative media, and the last ones are a combination of computational technology and collaborative functions. The second part is focused on the analysis on knowledge building in the collaborative work of small groups. It is developed with support on five essays published by Stahl from 2000 to 2004. In the first of those chapters, he describes a model of collaborative knowledge building and how to share knowledge production. The second criticizes some cooperative work and collaborative learning research methodologies that make the collaborative phenomena hard to perceive. The remaining chapters mostly provide mechanisms to understand in new and better ways collaborative processes. The third part contains the theoretical corpus of the book. Chapters 14 through 21 contain the most recent of Stahl's contributions to the theoretical foundations of computer-supported cooperative work and computer-supported collaborative learning. Chapters 16 to 18 provide much material about topics directly related to group cognition research and collaborative work in modern organizations. Finally, the last part of the book contains an exhaustive list of references that will be of great value to all interested in the multiple aspects and fields of cooperative work and collaborative learning."

LCSH

Computer / assisted instruction
Computer networks

Subject

Computer / assisted instruction
Computer networks

Theme

Computer Based Training

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LCSH

Computer / assisted instruction

Subject

Computer / assisted instruction

Theme

Computer Based Training

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Theme

Computer Based Training

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Theme

Computer Based Training

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Theme

Computer Based Training

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Footnote

Kap. 4 stellt die Hauptergebnisse der empirischen Untersuchungen dar. Im Rahmen von ALBA wurden Weiterbildungsanbieter zu den Themenbereichen Unternehmen und Kunden, Technologie sowie Interaktion befragt. Eine der zentralen Aussagen aus dieser Befragung besagt, dass E-Learning u.a. dann erfolgreich ist bzw. sein kann, wenn eine interaktive Betreuung der Lerner und eine Kooperation zwischen allen Teilnehmern ermöglicht werden. Hier liegt auch die (empirische) Begründung für den Einsatz der ChatTechnologie im Praxisteil. Kap. 5 und 6 stellen die Erfahrungen der Verbundpartner CJD Maximiliansau und SAP AG dar. Ein Literaturverzeichnis am Ende jedes Kapitels rundet das Bild ab und gibt Hinweise auf weiterführende Literatur. Die unterschiedlichen Autoren der einzelnen Kapitel sind der Gesamttransparenz manchmal abträglich, weil manche Aussagen durchaus redundant sind (Bedeutung der Kleingruppe etc.). Im Praxisteil wird zunächst das Prozessmodell des E-Learnings detailliert beschrieben. Phase 1 hat den Autor im Fokus und behandelt die Konzeption und Planung einer Lernübung. Phase z hat den Tutor im Fokus und behandelt die Vorbereitungsmaßnahmen und Durchführung der Übung. Phase 3 hat den Evaluator im Fokus und behandelt die Evaluation und Optimierung einer verteilten kooperativen Übung. Hervorzuheben ist die gute Strukturierung der Prozesse. Der eigentliche Mehrwert dieses Praxisteils besteht in einer sehr konkreten Umsetzung des Prozessmodells anhand eines durchgängigen Praxisbeispiels. Dieses Beispiel ist bezogen auf die mitgelieferte Software ALBA-Suite". Der Leser ist in der Lage, die Beispiele sofort nachzuvollziehen. Damit bestätigt das Buch den im Umschlagstext genannten Untertitel "Praxishandbuch" par excellence. Die Detailliertheit der Darstellung offenbart aber auch Probleme mit der intuitiven Handhabung der Software. Je intensiver ein Tool erklärt werden muss, umso weniger intuitiv ist es. Der Fokus des Buches liegt sehr stark bei bisher z.T. durchaus vernachlässigten Bereichen des E-Learnings: bei der Didaktik und beim Umgang mit Chat-Tools von Teilnehmern kleiner Gruppen in der beruflichen Weiterbildung. Sie lernen an unterschiedlichen Orten, laden Lerninhalte aus dem Internet, arbeiten mit computerunterstützten Tools (WebBaseTrainings, Computer Supported Cooprative Work, Chats). Die Informationskomponente wird weitestgehend beherrscht. Nicht beherrscht wird die Kommunikationskomponente. Hier setzt diese Publikation praxisrelevant und überzeugend an. Grundlage waren die o.a. empirischen Untersuchungen. Lerner in E-Learning Umgebungen brauchen gut strukturierte Lehrmaterialien und Kommunikationsmöglichkeiten. Chats scheinen ein guter Ansatz für die synchrone Kommunikation zu sein. Über eine begleitende Oualitätssicherung erfolgt eine ständige Feinsteuerung des Prozesses. Die Publikation ist für die angegebene Zielgruppe sehr empfehlenswert. Sie bietet eine Fülle praktischer Anregungen, empirische Untermauerung von E-Learning-Prozessen sowie insbesondere wirksame Tools für den Lernprozess."

Theme

Computer Based Training