Search (8 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Accidental Information Discovery: Cultivating Serendipity in the Digital Age provides readers with an interesting discussion on the ways serendipity-defined as the accidental discovery of valued information-plays an important role in creative problem-solving. This insightful resource brings together discussions on serendipity and information discovery, research in computer and information science, and interesting thoughts on the creative process. Five thorough chapters explore the significance of serendipity in creativity and innovation, the characteristics of serendipity-friendly tools and minds, and how future discovery environments may encourage serendipity. - Examines serendipity in a multidisciplinary context - Bridges theory and practice - Explores digital information landscapes of the future with essays from current researchers - Brings the concept of accidental discovery and its value front and center

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LCSH

Text processing (Computer science)

Subject

Text processing (Computer science)

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Abstract

This book explores how personality traits may influence attitude, behaviour, and reaction to information. In threatening health situations, for instance, calm people with high self-reliance often react by actively seeking out diagnostic information and treatment alternatives, while more anxious persons may become stagnated and depressed and deliberately avoid information. Persistence and conscientiousness often leads to a problem-solving approach to information seeking: structured and organized with a focus on the outcome. Openness to experience again is often related to enjoyment of information exploration, sometimes to the point of experiencing flow, total immersion in the experience. This book will cover personality related information reactions in contexts such as everyday life, decision-making, work, studies and human-computer interaction.This book introduces a little researched area which is current and needed in our Information Age. It combines knowledge from psychology and information studies.

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Abstract

The main goal of this book is to transfer new research results from the fields of advanced computer sciences and information science to the design of new search engines. The readers will have a better idea of the new trends in applied research. The achievement of relevant, organized, sorted, and workable answers- to name but a few - from a search is becoming a daily need for enterprises and organizations, and, to a greater extent, for anyone. It does not consist of getting access to structural information as in standard databases; nor does it consist of searching information strictly by way of a combination of key words. It goes far beyond that. Whatever its modality, the information sought should be identified by the topics it contains, that is to say by its textual, audio, video or graphical contents. This is not a new issue. However, recent technological advances have completely changed the techniques being used. New Web technologies, the emergence of Intranet systems and the abundance of information on the Internet have created the need for efficient search and information access tools.
Recent technological progress in computer science, Web technologies, and constantly evolving information available on the Internet has drastically changed the landscape of search and access to information. Web search has significantly evolved in recent years. In the beginning, web search engines such as Google and Yahoo! were only providing search service over text documents. Aggregated search was one of the first steps to go beyond text search, and was the beginning of a new era for information seeking and retrieval. These days, new web search engines support aggregated search over a number of vertices, and blend different types of documents (e.g., images, videos) in their search results. New search engines employ advanced techniques involving machine learning, computational linguistics and psychology, user interaction and modeling, information visualization, Web engineering, artificial intelligence, distributed systems, social networks, statistical analysis, semantic analysis, and technologies over query sessions. Documents no longer exist on their own; they are connected to other documents, they are associated with users and their position in a social network, and they can be mapped onto a variety of ontologies. Similarly, retrieval tasks have become more interactive and are solidly embedded in a user's geospatial, social, and historical context. It is conjectured that new breakthroughs in information retrieval will not come from smarter algorithms that better exploit existing information sources, but from new retrieval algorithms that can intelligently use and combine new sources of contextual metadata.

LCSH

User interfaces (Computer systems)

Subject

User interfaces (Computer systems)

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Date

22. 1.2017 16:45:48

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RSWK

Information Retrieval / Informationsverhalten / Aufsatzsammlung

Subject

Information Retrieval / Informationsverhalten / Aufsatzsammlung

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Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 59(2006) H.2, S.83-88 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser neue Sammelband möchte Interessenten aus den Bereichen Informationswissenschaft, Bibliothekswesen sowie Sozial- und Evolutionspsychologie aktuelle Entwicklungen und neue theoretische Ansätze auf dem Gebiet des menschlichen Informationsverhaltens-human information behavio(u)r bzw. kurz HIB - vermitteln. Es geht dabei um die komplexen Informationsprozesse, die in das alltägliche Sozialverhalten und die Lebensabläufe menschlicher Individuen eingebettet sind. Die beiden Herausgeber sind in diesem Teilbereich der Informationswissenschaft auch durch eine Reihe anderer Publikationen einschlägig ausgewiesen: Amanda Spink (vormals Universität Pittsburgh), die sich kürzlich selbst in aller Bescheidenheit als "world-class ICT researcher" beschrieb,' ist Professorin an der Technischen Universität Queensland (Australien); Charles Cole ist Research Associate (wissenschaftlicher Projektmitarbeiter) an der McGill University in Montreal und selbständiger Berater für Informationsdesign. Gemeinsam haben Spink und Cole zuletzt, ebenfalls bei Springer, eine weitere Aufsatzsammlung - New Directions in Cognitive Information Retrieval (2005) - herausgegeben. Das Buch versammelt zwölf Beiträge ("Kapitel"), die in fünf Sektionen dargeboten werden, wobei es sich allerdings bei den Sektionen 1 und 5 (= Kapitel 1 und 12) um Einleitung und Zusammenschau der Herausgeber handelt. Während erstere eigentlich nur eine Übersicht über die Gliederung und die Beiträge des Buches, die jeweils mit Abstracts beschrieben werden, darstellt, kann letztere als eigenständiger Beitrag gelten, der versucht, die in diesem Band angesprochenen Aspekte in einem vorläufigen HIB-Modell zu integrieren.

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Abstract

The field of human information behavior runs the gamut of processes from the realization of a need or gap in understanding, to the search for information from one or more sources to fill that gap, to the use of that information to complete a task at hand or to satisfy a curiosity, as well as other behaviors such as avoiding information or finding information serendipitously. Designers of mechanisms, tools, and computer-based systems to facilitate this seeking and search process often lack a full knowledge of the context surrounding the search. This context may vary depending on the job or role of the person; individual characteristics such as personality, domain knowledge, age, gender, perception of self, etc.; the task at hand; the source and the channel and their degree of accessibility and usability; and the relationship that the seeker shares with the source. Yet researchers have yet to agree on what context really means. While there have been various research studies incorporating context, and biennial conferences on context in information behavior, there lacks a clear definition of what context is, what its boundaries are, and what elements and variables comprise context. In this book, we look at the many definitions of and the theoretical and empirical studies on context, and I attempt to map the conceptual space of context in information behavior. I propose theoretical frameworks to map the boundaries, elements, and variables of context. I then discuss how to incorporate these frameworks and variables in the design of research studies on context. We then arrive at a unified definition of context. This book should provide designers of search systems a better understanding of context as they seek to meet the needs and demands of information seekers. It will be an important resource for researchers in Library and Information Science, especially doctoral students looking for one resource that covers an exhaustive range of the most current literature related to context, the best selection of classics, and a synthesis of these into theoretical frameworks and a unified definition. The book should help to move forward research in the field by clarifying the elements, variables, and views that are pertinent. In particular, the list of elements to be considered, and the variables associated with each element will be extremely useful to researchers wanting to include the influences of context in their studies.