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Content

In which I introduce the ancient mind-body problem, explain why I am on a quest to use reason and empirical inquiry to solve it, acquaint you with Francis Crick, explain how he relates to this quest, make a confession, and end on a sad note -- In which I write about the wellsprings of my inner conflict between religion and reason, why I grew up wanting to be a scientist, why I wear a lapel pin of Professor Calculus, and how I acquired a second mentor late in life -- In which I explain why consciousness challenges the scientific view of the world, how consciousness can be investigated empirically with both feet firmly planted on the ground, why animals share consciousness with humans, and why self-consciousness is not as important as many people think it is -- In which you hear tales of scientist-magicians that make you look but not see, how they track the footprints of consciousness by peering into your skull, why you don't see with your eyes, and why attention and consciousness are not the same -- In which you learn from neurologists and neurosurgeons that some neurons care a great deal about celebrities, that cutting the cerebral cortex in two does not reduce consciousness by half, that color is leached from the world by the loss of a small cortical region, and that the destruction of a sugar cube-sized chunk of brain stem or thalamic tissue leaves you undead -- In which I defend two propositions that my younger self found nonsense--you are unaware of most of the things that go on in your head, and zombie agents control much of your life, even though you confidently believe that you are in charge -- In which I throw caution to the wind, bring up free will, Der ring des Nibelungen, and what physics says about determinism, explain the impoverished ability of your mind to choose, show that your will lags behind your brain's decision, and that freedom is just another word for feeling -- In which I argue that consciousness is a fundamental property of complex things, rhapsodize about integrated information theory, how it explains many puzzling facts about consciousness and provides a blueprint for building sentient machines -- In which I outline an electromagnetic gadget to measure consciousness, describe efforts to harness the power of genetic engineering to track consciousness in mice, and find myself building cortical observatories -- In which I muse about final matters considered off-limits to polite scientific discourse: to wit, the relationship between science and religion, the existence of God, whether this God can intervene in the universe, the death of my mentor, and my recent tribulations.

Footnote

Rez. in: The New York Review of Books, 10.01.2013 ( J. Searle): "The problem of consciousness remains with us. What exactly is it and why is it still with us? The single most important question is: How exactly do neurobiological processes in the brain cause human and animal consciousness? Related problems are: How exactly is consciousness realized in the brain? That is, where is it and how does it exist in the brain? Also, how does it function causally in our behavior? To answer these questions we have to ask: What is it? Without attempting an elaborate definition, we can say the central feature of consciousness is that for any conscious state there is something that it feels like to be in that state, some qualitative character to the state. For example, the qualitative character of drinking beer is different from that of listening to music or thinking about your income tax. This qualitative character is subjective in that it only exists as experienced by a human or animal subject. It has a subjective or first-person existence (or "ontology"), unlike mountains, molecules, and tectonic plates that have an objective or third-person existence. Furthermore, qualitative subjectivity always comes to us as part of a unified conscious field. At any moment you do not just experience the sound of the music and the taste of the beer, but you have both as part of a single, unified conscious field, a subjective awareness of the total conscious experience. So the feature we are trying to explain is qualitative, unified subjectivity.

RSWK

Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaftler / Erlebnisbericht 1990-2010
Koch, Christof *1956-* / Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaften / Autobiographie

Subject

Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaftler / Erlebnisbericht 1990-2010
Koch, Christof *1956-* / Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem / Neurowissenschaften / Autobiographie

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Abstract

Kaum ein Gebiet der modernen Philosophie ist komplexer, kaum eines wird kontroverser diskutiert als die Philosophie des Geistes. Wie in keiner anderen philosophischen Disziplin manifestieren sich hier zudem die Konflikte zwischen zwei scheinbar unversöhnlichen Welten: der Welt des Geistes bzw. der Geisteswissenschaften und der Welt des Gehirns bzw. der modernen Naturwissenschaften. Mit John R. Searle hat nun einer der Großmeister des Fachs eine historisch-systematische Einführung geschrieben, die zugleich eine neue Sicht auf dieses "wichtigste Thema der gegenwärtigen Philosophie" bietet. Ausgehend von "Descartes und anderen Katastrophen", präpariert Searle zwölf zentrale Probleme der Philosophie des Geistes, verwirft selbst die einflußreichsten Theorien und schlägt eigene Lösungen jenseits der Zwei-Welten-Lehre vor. Entstanden sind provozierende Analysen etwa des klassischen Leib- Seele-Problems und des Zusammenhangs zwischen Bewußtsein und Neurobiologie. Dem Unbewußten ist ebenso ein eigenes Kapitel gewidmet wie der Wahrnehmung und dem schwierigen Problem der mentalen Verursachung. Searles temperamentvoll geschriebenes Buch, das nicht mit Kritik an eingefahrenen Denkmustern geizt und mit einem Minimum an philosophischem Jargon auskommt, ist eine umfassende Einführung in die Philosophie des Geistes für Studierende und ein Lesevergnügen für jeden, der sich für die tiefen Fragen der Philosophie interessiert. "Die zeitgenössische Philosophie des Geistes ist insofern einzigartig, als die berühmtesten und einflußreichsten Theorien auf diesem Gebiet falsch sind."

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Abstract

DAS STANDARDWERK in der Philosophie des Geistes seit 10 Jahren - jetzt in 5. Auflage mit einer um mehr als 60 Seiten erweiterten Bibliographie, die Publikationen zur Philosophie des Geistes und angrenzender Disziplinen von 1970-2004 erfaßt (über 2700 Titel). Kann man sich vorstellen, dass so etwas wie bewusstes Erleben auf der Grundlage physikalischer Vorgänge entstehen konnte? Sind subjektives Empfinden und das Entstehen einer Innenperspektive überhaupt als Bestandteil der natürlichen Ordnung der Dinge denkbar - oder werden wir an dieser Stelle mit einem letztlich unauflöslichen Mysterium konfrontiert, mit einem weissen Fleck auf der Landkarte des wissenschaftlichen Weltbildes, der vielleicht aus prinzipiellen Gründen immer ein weisser Fleck bleiben muss? Das Problem des Bewusstseins bildet heute - vielleicht zusammen mit der Frage nach der Entstehung unseres Universums - die äusserste Grenze des menschlichen Strebens nach Erkenntnis. Es erscheint deshalb vielen als das letzte grosse Rätsel überhaupt und als die grösste theoretische Herausforderung der Gegenwart. Mit Beiträgen von: Ansgar Beckermann, Peter Bieri, Dieter Birnbacher, Ned Block, Tyler Burge, David J. Chalmers, Patricia S. Churchland, Daniel C. Dennett, Owen Flanagan, Rick Grush, Güven Güzeldere, Robert Kirk, Martin Kurthen, Joseph Levine, William G. Lycan, Colin McGinn, Thomas Metzinger, Norton Nelkin, Martine Nida-Rümelin, David Papineau, Diana Raffman, Georges Rey, David M. Rosenthal, Eva Ruhnau, Michael Tye, Robert Van Gulick, Kathy Wilkes. Siehe auch: "Conscious Experience", gekürzte englischsprachige Version des Buches "Bewußtsein".

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Date

29. 8.2018 13:35:57