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  1. Schrodt, R.: Tiefen und Untiefen im wissenschaftlichen Sprachgebrauch (2008) 0.42
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    Abstract
    "Wer überhaupt spricht oder schreibt, sollte sich verständlich ausdrücken. Das ist eine auf den ersten Blick einleuchtende Forderung. denn wozu äußert er sich, wenn er nicht verstanden werden will?" (Luhmann 2005, 193) So einfach scheint unser Problem zu sein - doch so einfach ist es nicht.
    Content
    Vgl. auch: https://studylibde.com/doc/13053640/richard-schrodt. Vgl. auch: http%3A%2F%2Fwww.univie.ac.at%2FGermanistik%2Fschrodt%2Fvorlesung%2Fwissenschaftssprache.doc&usg=AOvVaw1lDLDR6NFf1W0-oC9mEUJf.
  2. Li, L.; Shang, Y.; Zhang, W.: Improvement of HITS-based algorithms on Web documents 0.34
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    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdelab.csd.auth.gr%2F~dimitris%2Fcourses%2Fir_spring06%2Fpage_rank_computing%2Fp527-li.pdf. Vgl. auch: http://www2002.org/CDROM/refereed/643/.
  3. Suchenwirth, L.: Sacherschliessung in Zeiten von Corona : neue Herausforderungen und Chancen (2019) 0.34
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    Footnote
    https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.
  4. Popper, K.R.: Three worlds : the Tanner lecture on human values. Deliverd at the University of Michigan, April 7, 1978 (1978) 0.33
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    Source
    https%3A%2F%2Ftannerlectures.utah.edu%2F_documents%2Fa-to-z%2Fp%2Fpopper80.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3f4QRTEH-OEBmoYr2J_c7H
  5. Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009) 0.31
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    Date
    29. 8.2009 21:15:48
    Footnote
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
  6. Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004) 0.31
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
    Date
    8. 1.2013 10:22:32
  7. Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005) 0.29
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
  8. Axelos, C.; Flasch, K.; Schepers, H.; Kuhlen, R.; Romberg, R.; Zimmermann, R.: Allgemeines/Besonderes (1971-2007) 0.27
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    Footnote
    DOI: 10.24894/HWPh.5033. Vgl. unter: https://www.schwabeonline.ch/schwabe-xaveropp/elibrary/start.xav#__elibrary__%2F%2F*%5B%40attr_id%3D%27verw.allgemeinesbesonderes%27%5D__1515856414979.
  9. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.26
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    Abstract
    A summary of brain theory is given so far as it is contained within the framework of Localization Theory. Difficulties of this "conventional theory" are traced back to a specific deficiency: there is no way to express relations between active cells (as for instance their representing parts of the same object). A new theory is proposed to cure this deficiency. It introduces a new kind of dynamical control, termed synaptic modulation, according to which synapses switch between a conducting and a non- conducting state. The dynamics of this variable is controlled on a fast time scale by correlations in the temporal fine structure of cellular signals. Furthermore, conventional synaptic plasticity is replaced by a refined version. Synaptic modulation and plasticity form the basis for short-term and long-term memory, respectively. Signal correlations, shaped by the variable network, express structure and relationships within objects. In particular, the figure-ground problem may be solved in this way. Synaptic modulation introduces exibility into cerebral networks which is necessary to solve the invariance problem. Since momentarily useless connections are deactivated, interference between di erent memory traces can be reduced, and memory capacity increased, in comparison with conventional associative memory
    Source
    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  10. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.26
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    Abstract
    Das Problem der Wahrnehmung und Darstellung von Wahrheit durch die Medien führt zu vier zentralen Fragen: Wie viel Wahrheit gibt es in der Welt, über die Journalisten berichten müssen? Wie ermittelt oder recherchiert man diese Wahrheit? Wie trennt man die Spreu vom Weizen? Und wie geht man als Journalist mit dem um, was man als Wahrheit erkannt hat oder erkannt zu haben glaubt? Hier gibt es ganz offensichtlich eine Parallele zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern. Journalisten und Wissenschaftler brauchen erstens Hypothesen, zweitens geeignete Hypothesentests, drittens ein gutes Abgrenzungs-Kriterium und viertens Verfahren, um die erkannten Sachverhalte auf angemessene Weise für eine Kommunikation mit anderen zu repräsentieren, das heißt sie darzustellen. Es gibt zwei große Unterschiede zwischen Journalisten und Wissenschaftlern: Journalisten sind in der Regel auf raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen aus, Wissenschaftler in der Regel auf raumzeitlich unbegrenzte Gesetze. Aber diese Unterschiede sind fließend, weil Wissenschaftler raum-zeitlich begrenzte Aussagen brauchen, um ihre All-Aussagen zu überprüfen, und Journalisten sich immer häufiger auf das Feld der allgemeinen Gesetzes-Aussagen wagen oder doch zumindest Kausalinterpretationen für soziale Phänomene anbieten. Der zweite Unterschied besteht darin, dass die Wissenschaft weitgehend professionalisiert ist (zumindest gilt dies uneingeschränkt für die Naturwissenschaften und die Medizin), was ihr relativ klare Abgrenzungs- und Güte-Kriterien beschert hat. Diese fehlen weitgehend im Journalismus.
    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  11. Zeng, Q.; Yu, M.; Yu, W.; Xiong, J.; Shi, Y.; Jiang, M.: Faceted hierarchy : a new graph type to organize scientific concepts and a construction method (2019) 0.24
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    Content
    Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.
  12. Noever, D.; Ciolino, M.: ¬The Turing deception (2022) 0.24
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    Source
    https%3A%2F%2Farxiv.org%2Fabs%2F2212.06721&usg=AOvVaw3i_9pZm9y_dQWoHi6uv0EN
  13. Herb, U.; Beucke, D.: ¬Die Zukunft der Impact-Messung : Social Media, Nutzung und Zitate im World Wide Web (2013) 0.22
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    Content
    Vgl. unter: https://www.leibniz-science20.de%2Fforschung%2Fprojekte%2Faltmetrics-in-verschiedenen-wissenschaftsdisziplinen%2F&ei=2jTgVaaXGcK4Udj1qdgB&usg=AFQjCNFOPdONj4RKBDf9YDJOLuz3lkGYlg&sig2=5YI3KWIGxBmk5_kv0P_8iQ.
  14. Schleim, S.: Körper ist Geist (2017) 0.20
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    Abstract
    Bezugnahme auf: Lehmann, K.: Denken mit Leib und Seele. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Denken-mit-Leib-und-Seele-3593478.html. Konrad Lehmann wies in seinem Artikel vom 27. Mai auf Probleme hin, Bewusstsein naturwissenschaftlich zu erklären. Er kritisierte das uneingelöste Versprechen des Materialismus beziehungsweise Physikalismus und diskutierte alternative Ansätze, wie den Panpsychismus, Idealismus und praktischen Materialismus. Meiner Meinung nach muss man Aussagen über das Sein (also ontologische Aussagen) klarer von Aussagen über unsere Erkenntnis (also epistemische Aussagen) trennen, als Lehmann dies getan hat. Außerdem sollte man ein Problem klarer definieren, bevor man es diskutiert. Nach einer Replik auf den Artikel Lehmanns möchte ich meine eigenen Gedanken zum Leib-Seele-Problem zur Diskussion stellen. Dabei gehe ich auch auf Aussagen über den Erkenntniswert der Neurowissenschaften zum Verständnis des Bewusstseins ein. Mein Vorschlag ist, sich vom traditionellen Leib-Seele-Problem zu verabschieden, da es eher ein Problem unseres Denkens als ein Problem der Welt ist. Replik darauf: Lehmann, K.: Geist? Welcher Geist?. [04. Juni 2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Geist-Welcher-Geist-3733426.html.
  15. Koch, M.: Bewusstsein ohne Gehirn : kann man den Geist eines Menschen auf eine Maschine übertragen? (2018) 0.08
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    Abstract
    Die Frage, in welchem Verhältnis Leib und Seele beziehungsweise Materie und Geist zueinanderstehen, beschäftigt Wissenschaftler und Philosophen schon seit Langem. Eine viel zitierte Antwort gab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts der deutsch-schweizerische Naturforscher Carl Vogt. In seinen »Physiologischen Briefen« erklärte er, »dass all jene Fähigkeiten, die wir unter dem Namen Seelentätigkeiten begreifen, nur Funktionen der Gehirnsubstanz sind, oder, um mich einigermaßen grob auszudrücken, dass die Gedanken in demselben Verhältnis zu dem Gehirn stehen, wie die Galle zur Leber oder der Urin zu den Nieren«. Einer, der Vogt hier entschieden widersprach, war Wladimir I. Lenin. In seinem Buch »Materialismus und Empiriokritizismus« belegte er dessen Auffassung mit dem wenig schmeichelhaften Adjektiv »vulgärmaterialistisch«. Denn Empfindungen und davon abgeleitete Gedanken seien nicht materiell, sondern subjektive Abbilder der objektiven Welt, so Lenin. An einer Idee indes hielt er fest. Er beschrieb Geist und Bewusstsein als »höchste Produkte der in besonderer Weise organisierten Materie«, sprich des Gehirns.
  16. Wilke, M.; Pauen, M.; Ayan, S.: »Wir überschätzen die Rolle des Bewusstseins systematisch« : Leib-Seele-Problem (2022) 0.07
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    Abstract
    In den vergangenen 20 Jahren haben Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler vieles über das Bewusstsein gelernt. Einer der größten Fortschritte: Das Bewusstsein ist inzwischen ein etablierter Gegenstand der empirischen Forschung, sagen die Neurowissenschaftlerin Melanie Wilke und der Philosoph Michael Pauen. Im Interview erklären Sie, vor welchen Hürden Forscherinnen und Forscher immer noch stehen und wie sie die »harte Nuss« des Leib-Seele-Problems endlich knacken wollen. Ein Gespräch über Geist, Gehirn und ihre Beziehung zueinander mit der Neurowissenschaftlerin Melanie Wilke und dem Philosophen Michael Pauen.
    Source
    https://www.spektrum.de/news/leib-seele-problem-was-wissen-wir-ueber-das-bewusstsein/1974235?utm_source=pocket-newtab-global-de-DE
  17. Lehmann, K.: Geist? Welcher Geist? (2017) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Replik auf die Replik von Stephan Schleim: Um über das Leib-Seele-Problem reden zu können, muss man sich zunächst darüber einigen, wovon man überhaupt spricht. Erwiderung auf: Schleim, S.: Körper ist Geist. [31.05.2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Koerper-ist-Geist-3729372.html.
  18. Tetens, H.: ¬Die Rettung der mentalen Phänomene? : Eine kurze Regieanweisung für eine nicht-reduktiven Materialismus (1996) 0.06
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    Date
    4. 8.2018 11:29:00
  19. Lehmann, K.: Denken mit Leib und Seele (2017) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Im Jahre 1999 hörte ich bei einer Tagung von Neurowissenschaftlern und Geistesphilosophen einen Vortrag der bekannten Neurophilosophin Patricia Churchland. In der anschließenden Diskussion fragte sie ein Zuschauer die Große Frage: Wie denn nun Gehirn und Bewusstsein zusammenhingen? Churchland antwortete (so zumindest habe ich es in meinem kreativen Gedächtnis gespeichert): Nun, dazu seien wir ja hier, um das von den Neurobiologen zu erfahren. Es war die Bankrotterklärung der Philosophie: Bewusstsein als biologisches Problem. Allerdings war die Kapitulation der Geistesphilosophen zu der Zeit nachvollziehbar, denn die Neurowissenschaften zeigten quasi täglich neu die enge Kopplung von Gehirnfunktion und Erlebnisinhalten, die skurrilen Ausfallserscheinungen bei neurologischen Patienten mit klar definierten Schädigungen, und biochemische, drogeninduzierte Veränderungen des Bewusstseins. Erwiderung: Schleim, S.: Körper ist Geist. [31.05.2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Koerper-ist-Geist-3729372.html und weitere Entgegnung von Lehmann unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Geist-Welcher-Geist-3733426.html.
    Source
    https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Denken-mit-Leib-und-Seele-3593478.html
  20. Pöppel, E.: Radikale Syntopie an der Schnittstelle von Gehirn und Computer (1996) 0.04
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    Date
    12. 9.2000 12:22:07
    Pages
    S.12-29
    Source
    Die Technik auf dem Weg zu Seele: Forschungen an der Schnittstelle Gehirn / Computer. Hrsg.: C. Maar, u.a

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