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Content

Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fcreativechoice.org%2Fdoc%2FHansJonas.pdf&usg=AOvVaw1TM3teaYKgABL5H9yoIifA&opi=89978449.

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Source

http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=5&ved=0CDQQFjAE&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F3131107&ei=HzFWVYvGMsiNsgGTyoFI&usg=AFQjCNE2FHUeR9oQTQlNC4TPedv4Mo3DaQ&sig2=Rlzpr7a3BLZZkqZCXXN_IA&bvm=bv.93564037,d.bGg&cad=rja

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Footnote

https%3A%2F%2Fjournals.univie.ac.at%2Findex.php%2Fvoebm%2Farticle%2Fdownload%2F5332%2F5271%2F&usg=AOvVaw2yQdFGHlmOwVls7ANCpTii.

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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Content

Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Faclanthology.org%2FD19-5317.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0ZZFyq5wWTtNTvNkrvjlGA.

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Content

A Thesis presented to The University of Guelph In partial fulfilment of requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Vgl. Unter: http://www.inf.ufrgs.br%2F~ceramisch%2Fdownload_files%2Fpublications%2F2009%2Fp01.pdf.

Date

10. 1.2013 19:22:47

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Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Language and Information Technologies. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.cs.cmu.edu%2F~cx%2Fpapers%2Fknowledge_based_text_representation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0SaTSvhWLTh__Uz_HtOtl3.

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Vgl. unter: https://www.leibniz-science20.de%2Fforschung%2Fprojekte%2Faltmetrics-in-verschiedenen-wissenschaftsdisziplinen%2F&ei=2jTgVaaXGcK4Udj1qdgB&usg=AFQjCNFOPdONj4RKBDf9YDJOLuz3lkGYlg&sig2=5YI3KWIGxBmk5_kv0P_8iQ.

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Content

PhD Dissertation at International Doctorate School in Information and Communication Technology. Vgl.: https%3A%2F%2Fcore.ac.uk%2Fdownload%2Fpdf%2F150083013.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2n-qisNagpyT0lli_6QbAQ.

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Footnote

Vgl. unter: https://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=2&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=2ahUKEwizweHljdbcAhVS16QKHXcFD9QQFjABegQICRAB&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.researchgate.net%2Fpublication%2F271200105_Die_Autonomie_des_Menschen_und_der_Maschine_-_gegenwartige_Definitionen_von_Autonomie_zwischen_philosophischem_Hintergrund_und_technologischer_Umsetzbarkeit_Redigierte_Version_der_Magisterarbeit_Karls&usg=AOvVaw06orrdJmFF2xbCCp_hL26q.

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Content

Vgl. auch: New automatic interpreter for complex UDC numbers. Unter: <https%3A%2F%2Fudcc.org%2Ffiles%2FAttilaPiros_EC_36-37_2014-2015.pdf&usg=AOvVaw3kc9CwDDCWP7aArpfjrs5b>

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Abstract

Bezugnahme auf: Lehmann, K.: Denken mit Leib und Seele. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Denken-mit-Leib-und-Seele-3593478.html. Konrad Lehmann wies in seinem Artikel vom 27. Mai auf Probleme hin, Bewusstsein naturwissenschaftlich zu erklären. Er kritisierte das uneingelöste Versprechen des Materialismus beziehungsweise Physikalismus und diskutierte alternative Ansätze, wie den Panpsychismus, Idealismus und praktischen Materialismus. Meiner Meinung nach muss man Aussagen über das Sein (also ontologische Aussagen) klarer von Aussagen über unsere Erkenntnis (also epistemische Aussagen) trennen, als Lehmann dies getan hat. Außerdem sollte man ein Problem klarer definieren, bevor man es diskutiert. Nach einer Replik auf den Artikel Lehmanns möchte ich meine eigenen Gedanken zum Leib-Seele-Problem zur Diskussion stellen. Dabei gehe ich auch auf Aussagen über den Erkenntniswert der Neurowissenschaften zum Verständnis des Bewusstseins ein. Mein Vorschlag ist, sich vom traditionellen Leib-Seele-Problem zu verabschieden, da es eher ein Problem unseres Denkens als ein Problem der Welt ist. Replik darauf: Lehmann, K.: Geist? Welcher Geist?. [04. Juni 2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Geist-Welcher-Geist-3733426.html.

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Abstract

Die Frage, in welchem Verhältnis Leib und Seele beziehungsweise Materie und Geist zueinanderstehen, beschäftigt Wissenschaftler und Philosophen schon seit Langem. Eine viel zitierte Antwort gab Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts der deutsch-schweizerische Naturforscher Carl Vogt. In seinen »Physiologischen Briefen« erklärte er, »dass all jene Fähigkeiten, die wir unter dem Namen Seelentätigkeiten begreifen, nur Funktionen der Gehirnsubstanz sind, oder, um mich einigermaßen grob auszudrücken, dass die Gedanken in demselben Verhältnis zu dem Gehirn stehen, wie die Galle zur Leber oder der Urin zu den Nieren«. Einer, der Vogt hier entschieden widersprach, war Wladimir I. Lenin. In seinem Buch »Materialismus und Empiriokritizismus« belegte er dessen Auffassung mit dem wenig schmeichelhaften Adjektiv »vulgärmaterialistisch«. Denn Empfindungen und davon abgeleitete Gedanken seien nicht materiell, sondern subjektive Abbilder der objektiven Welt, so Lenin. An einer Idee indes hielt er fest. Er beschrieb Geist und Bewusstsein als »höchste Produkte der in besonderer Weise organisierten Materie«, sprich des Gehirns.

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Abstract

Was ist eigentlich die Seele und wie hängt sie mit dem Gehirn zusammen?. Die jüngsten Fortschritte der Neurowissenschaften in Kombination mit modernen Forschungsmethoden machen es möglich, fundierte Antworten darauf zu geben, - wo im Gehirn die Seele zu verorten ist - wie der Aufbau der Persönlichkeit verläuft - worauf psychische Erkrankungen beruhen - warum die Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapien nicht gut belegt ist - warum alte Muster immer wieder unser Verhalten bestimmen und so schwierig zu verändern sind - warum Menschen mit antisozialen Persönlichkeitsstrukturen nur schwer behandelbar sind - wie man im Rahmen der Psychotherapie oder mit Medikamenten auf die Psyche einwirken kann. Seit dem Altertum wird das Gehirn als Organ der Seele angesehen. Wo und wie aber das Psychische im Gehirn entsteht, wie sich dabei unsere Gefühlswelt, unsere Persönlichkeit und unser Ich formen, kann mit Hilfe der modernen Verfahren der Hirnforschung erst seit kurzem erforscht werden und wird in diesem Buch dargestellt. Es verbindet Hirnforschung mit Psychologie und erklärt aus neurobiologischer Sicht, wie bestimmte Persönlichkeitsmerkmale entstehen. Anspruchsvoller, groß angelegter Versuch, ein neurobiologisches Verständnis des Seelisch-Psychischen, der Entwicklung der menschlichen Persönlichkeit als Träger des Seelischen, der Entstehung psychischer Krankheiten und der Wirksamkeit von Psychotherapie zu erreichen.

RSWK

Gehirn / Seele / Persönlichkeit / Neurobiologie / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Seele / Neuropsychologie / Leib-Seele-Problem

Subject

Gehirn / Seele / Persönlichkeit / Neurobiologie / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Seele / Neuropsychologie / Leib-Seele-Problem

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Abstract

Replik auf die Replik von Stephan Schleim: Um über das Leib-Seele-Problem reden zu können, muss man sich zunächst darüber einigen, wovon man überhaupt spricht. Erwiderung auf: Schleim, S.: Körper ist Geist. [31.05.2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Koerper-ist-Geist-3729372.html.

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Abstract

Was ist eigentlich die Seele und wie hängt sie mit dem Gehirn zusammen? Seit dem Altertum wird das Gehirn als Organ der Seele angesehen. Wo und wie aber das Psychische im Gehirn entsteht, wie sich dabei unsere Gefühlswelt, unsere Persönlichkeit und unser Ich formen, kann mit Hilfe der modernen Verfahren der Hirnforschung erst seit kurzem erforscht werden und wird in diesem Buch dargestellt.
Die vergleichsweise junge Neurobiologie verstehen der "Altmeister" Gerhard Roth und seine junge Kollegin Nicole Strüber als ergänzende Wissenschaft zu Psychologie und Psychotherapie. Sie bekennen sich uneingeschränkt zur naturwissenschaftlichen Sichtweise: "Alles, was wir erleben, hat seinen Ort im Gehirn". Ihr Anspruch, dass es außerhalb der naturalistischen Betrachtungsweise keine anderen Erklärungsmodelle geben kann, wird seit vielen Jahren kontrovers diskutiert. Gerhard Roth weist selber auf eine Erklärungslücke hin: Es ist völlig unklar, wie Bewusstsein entsteht, auch wenn die biologischen Vorgänge im Gehirn bekannt sind. Dennoch ist er sich sicher, dass "aus neurobiologischer Sicht die Suche nach dem Sitz der Seele erfolgreich beendet wurde.",Auf den ersten 200 Seiten werden detailliert die Anatomie und Physiologie des Nervensystems erklärt. Psychologische Begriffe werden auf ihre neurobiologische Grundlage hin untersucht. Aufmerksamkeit, Gedächtnis und Persönlichkeit haben ihre typischen Lokalisationen im Gehirn. Einige Grundannahmen der Psychotherapien werden bestätigt, etwa die große Bedeutung der vorgeburtlichen und frühkindlichen Erfahrungen, die Bindungserfahrungen und die genetischen Dispositionen. Manche Therapiekonstrukte werden widerlegt, wie Freuds Traumtheorie oder die kognitive Umstrukturierung. Möglicherweise kann die Neurobiologie in Zukunft noch viel mehr zur Diagnostik und Therapie beitragen, meint Roth. Für Laien gibt es kaum ein vergleichbar umfangreiches Sachbuch, das dermaßen gut verständlich, klar und nüchtern die moderne Hirnforschung beschreibt.

RSWK

Gehirn / Seele / Persönlichkeit / Neurobiologie / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Seele / Neuropsychologie / Leib-Seele-Problem
Seele / Persönlichkeit / Psychische Störung / Neurowissenschaften

Subject

Gehirn / Seele / Persönlichkeit / Neurobiologie / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Seele / Neuropsychologie / Leib-Seele-Problem
Seele / Persönlichkeit / Psychische Störung / Neurowissenschaften

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Abstract

Im Jahre 1999 hörte ich bei einer Tagung von Neurowissenschaftlern und Geistesphilosophen einen Vortrag der bekannten Neurophilosophin Patricia Churchland. In der anschließenden Diskussion fragte sie ein Zuschauer die Große Frage: Wie denn nun Gehirn und Bewusstsein zusammenhingen? Churchland antwortete (so zumindest habe ich es in meinem kreativen Gedächtnis gespeichert): Nun, dazu seien wir ja hier, um das von den Neurobiologen zu erfahren. Es war die Bankrotterklärung der Philosophie: Bewusstsein als biologisches Problem. Allerdings war die Kapitulation der Geistesphilosophen zu der Zeit nachvollziehbar, denn die Neurowissenschaften zeigten quasi täglich neu die enge Kopplung von Gehirnfunktion und Erlebnisinhalten, die skurrilen Ausfallserscheinungen bei neurologischen Patienten mit klar definierten Schädigungen, und biochemische, drogeninduzierte Veränderungen des Bewusstseins. Erwiderung: Schleim, S.: Körper ist Geist. [31.05.2017]. Unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Koerper-ist-Geist-3729372.html und weitere Entgegnung von Lehmann unter: https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Geist-Welcher-Geist-3733426.html.

Source

https://www.heise.de/tp/features/Denken-mit-Leib-und-Seele-3593478.html

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Abstract

Was ist der Verstand? Wie unterscheidet er sich vom Körper? Kann der Verstand auf Neuronen im Gehirn reduziert werden oder nicht? In ihrem Essay nimmt sich Siri Hustvedt das uralte, noch immer nicht gelöste Geist-Körper-Problem vor und macht deutlich, wie sehr die unterschiedlichen Antworten auf diese Frage tiefgreifende Bedeutung für unser Verständnis von uns selbst haben. Mit ihrem multidisziplinären Zugang zeigt Hustvedt, wie sehr ungerechtfertigte Annahmen über Körper und Geist das Denken der Neurowissenschaftler, Genetiker, Psychiater, Evolutionspsychologen und der Forscher zur Künstlichen Intelligenz verzerrt und verwirrt hat. In diesem gelehrsamen Essay führt Hustvedt den Leser in verschiedene körperintegrierende Theorien von Bewusstsein ein, die die aktuelle Debatte über Verstand und Körper verändern. Gleichzeitig betont sie, dass keine Idee unantastbar ist. «Zweifel», schreibt sie, «ist nicht nur ein Ausdruck von Intelligenz; es ist eine Notwendigkeit.»

RSWK

Leib-Seele-Problem / Wahrnehmung
Geist-Körper-Problem Essay (ÖVK)

Subject

Leib-Seele-Problem / Wahrnehmung
Geist-Körper-Problem Essay (ÖVK)

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RSWK

Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem

Subject

Bewusstsein / Willensfreiheit / Leib-Seele-Problem

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RSWK

Bewusstsein / Gehirn / Physiologie / Leib-Seele-Problem

Subject

Bewusstsein / Gehirn / Physiologie / Leib-Seele-Problem