Search (15 results, page 1 of 1)

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Content

Inhalt: Chapter 1. Introduction to Web Search Engines: 1.1 A Short History of Information Retrieval - 1.2 An Overview of Traditional Information Retrieval - 1.3 Web Information Retrieval Chapter 2. Crawling, Indexing, and Query Processing: 2.1 Crawling - 2.2 The Content Index - 2.3 Query Processing Chapter 3. Ranking Webpages by Popularity: 3.1 The Scene in 1998 - 3.2 Two Theses - 3.3 Query-Independence Chapter 4. The Mathematics of Google's PageRank: 4.1 The Original Summation Formula for PageRank - 4.2 Matrix Representation of the Summation Equations - 4.3 Problems with the Iterative Process - 4.4 A Little Markov Chain Theory - 4.5 Early Adjustments to the Basic Model - 4.6 Computation of the PageRank Vector - 4.7 Theorem and Proof for Spectrum of the Google Matrix Chapter 5. Parameters in the PageRank Model: 5.1 The a Factor - 5.2 The Hyperlink Matrix H - 5.3 The Teleportation Matrix E Chapter 6. The Sensitivity of PageRank; 6.1 Sensitivity with respect to alpha - 6.2 Sensitivity with respect to H - 6.3 Sensitivity with respect to vT - 6.4 Other Analyses of Sensitivity - 6.5 Sensitivity Theorems and Proofs Chapter 7. The PageRank Problem as a Linear System: 7.1 Properties of (I - alphaS) - 7.2 Properties of (I - alphaH) - 7.3 Proof of the PageRank Sparse Linear System Chapter 8. Issues in Large-Scale Implementation of PageRank: 8.1 Storage Issues - 8.2 Convergence Criterion - 8.3 Accuracy - 8.4 Dangling Nodes - 8.5 Back Button Modeling
Chapter 9. Accelerating the Computation of PageRank: 9.1 An Adaptive Power Method - 9.2 Extrapolation - 9.3 Aggregation - 9.4 Other Numerical Methods Chapter 10. Updating the PageRank Vector: 10.1 The Two Updating Problems and their History - 10.2 Restarting the Power Method - 10.3 Approximate Updating Using Approximate Aggregation - 10.4 Exact Aggregation - 10.5 Exact vs. Approximate Aggregation - 10.6 Updating with Iterative Aggregation - 10.7 Determining the Partition - 10.8 Conclusions Chapter 11. The HITS Method for Ranking Webpages: 11.1 The HITS Algorithm - 11.2 HITS Implementation - 11.3 HITS Convergence - 11.4 HITS Example - 11.5 Strengths and Weaknesses of HITS - 11.6 HITS's Relationship to Bibliometrics - 11.7 Query-Independent HITS - 11.8 Accelerating HITS - 11.9 HITS Sensitivity Chapter 12. Other Link Methods for Ranking Webpages: 12.1 SALSA - 12.2 Hybrid Ranking Methods - 12.3 Rankings based on Traffic Flow Chapter 13. The Future of Web Information Retrieval: 13.1 Spam - 13.2 Personalization - 13.3 Clustering - 13.4 Intelligent Agents - 13.5 Trends and Time-Sensitive Search - 13.6 Privacy and Censorship - 13.7 Library Classification Schemes - 13.8 Data Fusion Chapter 14. Resources for Web Information Retrieval: 14.1 Resources for Getting Started - 14.2 Resources for Serious Study Chapter 15. The Mathematics Guide: 15.1 Linear Algebra - 15.2 Perron-Frobenius Theory - 15.3 Markov Chains - 15.4 Perron Complementation - 15.5 Stochastic Complementation - 15.6 Censoring - 15.7 Aggregation - 15.8 Disaggregation

RSWK

Google / Suchmaschine / Ranking (BVB)

Subject

Google / Suchmaschine / Ranking (BVB)

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Content

Dieses Diktum markiert den vorläufigen Endpunkt einer Entwicklung, an deren Gipfel für kurze Zeit (von ca. 1920 bis in die 60er Jahre; »Einen Staat lang«) die bürokratische Papiermaschine namens Kartei residiert. Ihren weiten Herrschaftskreis dokumentieren die zahlreichen, neu entstandenen Zeitschriften für Bürobedarf und -organisation. Die vorliegende Studie will versuchen nachzuzeichnen, wie sich die Kartei auf jedem Schreibtisch um 1930 zu etablieren, wie sie ins Zentrum der organisatorischen Aufmerksamkeit zu rücken versteht. Zwar nimmt sich die Kartei rein äußerlich eher unscheinbar aus neben der filigranen Imposanz einer Schreibmaschine, jedoch behauptet sie ebenso beharrlich ihren Platz durch das mitgegebene Versprechen der Universalität. Auf welchen Errungenschaften gründet sich dieser Anspruch? Vor welcher Schablone vermag sich die Papiermaschine abzuheben? Aus welchen Wurzeln entwickelt sich dieses System der Verzeichnung? Die Behauptung einer universalen Papiermaschine und eine erste Suche nach ihrem Grund und Ursprung legt den Verdacht nahe, daß diese papierene Anordnung Vorbild und Vorgänger in einem ebenfalls aus Kasten und Zetteln bestehenden Dispositiv findet, die hinlänglich vertraute, heute bald schon verschwundene Suchmaschine einer Bibliothek namens Zettelkatalog. Die Genealogie der Kartei als eine Speichertechnologie gehorcht, so die Grundthese, einer vielfachen Übertragung. Als chronologisch erste und weitreichendste Instanz ereignet sich ein Technologie-Transfer zwischen zwei Diskursen. Der erste von beiden formiert folgerichtig die Bibliothek, wenngleich die diskursive Praxis der Verzeichnung ihre Katalogisierungstechnik zumeist nur verschwiegen und randständig behandelt. Der zweite Diskurs folgt einer Tendenz, die unter Begriffen wie Effizienz, Rationalisierung oder Psychotechnik die Abläufe und Verwaltungsmaßnahmen der Büroarbeit organisiert. Die allgegenwärtige Präsenz der Kartei auf den Schreibtischen der Zwischenkriegszeit verdankt sich der seltenen Übertragung einer Wissenstechnologie zwischen zwei Institutionen, deren Wechselwirkung üblicherweise in umgekehrter, archivalischer Richtung erfolgt, sich hier jedoch aus der Bibliothek in das Büro vollzieht. Wenn von Transfers die Rede ist, reicht es kaum aus, Anfangs- und Endpunkt, Sender und Empfänger zu markieren. Statt dessen muß gekennzeichnet werden, wie dieser Transfer inklusive all seiner Störungen, Wandlungen, Stockungen, Irritationen und Umlenkungen überträgt. Und für einmal muß noch das beschrieben werden, was übertragen wird. Denn weitergereicht wird eine Verfahrensweise, die ihrerseits darauf abzielt, den Grundoperationen einer Universalen Diskreten Maschine zu genügen: Daten zu speichern, zu prozessieren und (selbst) zu übertragen. Das von üblichen Datenspeichern wie etwa dem Buch abweichende Verfahren setzt dabei auf ein ebenso einfaches wie naheliegendes Prinzip: Die Informationen stehen auf gesonderten, gleichgerichteten und frei beweglichen Trägern bereit, um nachstrengen Ordnungsschemata arrangiert weiter verarbeitet und abgerufen zu werden. Die Übertragung beginnt mit einer Urszene, wenngleich sich das Feld ihrer Reichweite zunächst nur auf den bibliothekarischen und den damit zumeist eng verbundenen gelehrten Diskurs beschränkt. Dem Polyhistor Konrad Gessner fällt es zu, am Anfang dieser einen Geschichte der Kartei zu stehen. Sicherlich ist er kaum der Erfinder einer Technik, auf Papier verteilte Informationen zu zerschneiden und so einfacher arrangieren zu können. Jedoch liegt mit dem von ihm 1548 vielleicht erstmals explizit beschriebenen Verfahren die früheste bisher bekannte Überlieferung vor, wie auf komfortable Weise alphabetisch geordnete, umfangreiche Listen herzustellen sind. Das erste Kapitel widmet sich demnach einer detaillierten Beschreibung der Gessnerschen Verzettelung, um im Anschluß daran die Tradierung dieser vorbildlichen Empfehlung in der Frühen Neuzeit und dem Barock besonders bei der Kunst des Exzerpierens in Umrissen zu verfolgen.

Isbn

3-931659-29-1

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Date

15. 7.2018 16:22:16

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitteilungen VÖB 48(1995) H.1, S.66-68 (K. Niedermair) - Vgl. auch Lepsky, K. in: Bibliotheksdienst 29(1995) H.3, S.500-519; Bibliothek: Forschung u. Praxis 19(1995) H.2, S.251-254 (G. Hartwieg; auch in: LDV-Forum Bd. 12, Nr. 2, Jg. 1995, S.22-29 [unter: http://www.jlcl.org/1995_Heft2/Rezensionen_19-27.pdf]) .

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Date

30. 7.2004 14:20:29

Series

IFLA series on bibliographic control; vol. 29

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Abstract

A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.

Content

1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons

Object

DDC-22

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Date

30. 7.2004 14:20:29

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Date

30. 7.2004 14:20:29

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Date

22. 3.2008 18:09:52

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Date

28. 2.2008 17:22:52

Object

DDC-22

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Footnote

Rez. in: KO 29(2002) nos.3/4, S.237-238 (M.P. Satija)

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Date

29. 2.2008 19:43:10

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Date

22. 6.2008 13:03:30

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Date

26. 2.2008 19:29:04

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Footnote

Rez.: Journal of librarianship and information science 29(1997) no.3, S.164-165 (J.H. Bowman)

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Date

30. 7.2004 14:20:29