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Abstract

Natural Language Processing (NLP) is an area of research and application that explores how computers can be used to understand and manipulate natural language text or speech to do useful things. NLP researchers aim to gather knowledge an how human beings understand and use language so that appropriate tools and techniques can be developed to make computer systems understand and manipulate natural languages to perform desired tasks. The foundations of NLP lie in a number of disciplines, namely, computer and information sciences, linguistics, mathematics, electrical and electronic engineering, artificial intelligence and robotics, and psychology. Applications of NLP include a number of fields of study, such as machine translation, natural language text processing and summarization, user interfaces, multilingual and cross-language information retrieval (CLIR), speech recognition, artificial intelligence, and expert systems. One important application area that is relatively new and has not been covered in previous ARIST chapters an NLP relates to the proliferation of the World Wide Web and digital libraries.

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Footnote

In die Irre führt den unbedarften Leser auf jeden Fall der im Titel postulierte Anspruch, eine Einführung in Information Retrieval zu leisten. Gegenüber dem Leser wäre es ehrlicher, den Titel des Buches entsprechend thematisch zu erweitern, oder aber sich tatsächlich auf das angegebene Gebiet zu konzentrieren. Eine solche Verschlankung um nicht eigentlich für das Verständnis der IR-Konzepte notwendige Materialien täte dem Titel sicher sehr gut und würde auch dessen weitere Verbreitung außerhalb des Informationswesens ermöglichen. Die für die aktuelle Auflage durchgeführte Aktualisierung und Erweiterung bleibt leider an verschiedenen Stellen etwas an der Oberfläche. Man muss deshalb konstatieren, dass die Stärke des Bandes eher in der thematischen Breite liegt, als darin, wirklich einen erschöpfenden Einblick in das Information Retrieval zu geben. Für eine grundlegende Einführung in IR lässt Chowdhury zwar inhaltlich nur wenig vermissen, doch die Kohärenz der Darstellung und die didaktische Aufbereitung des Stoffes sind auf jeden Fall ausbaufähig, um den Ansprüchen an ein Lehrbuch gerecht werden zu können, das auch im Selbststudium durchgearbeitet werden kann. Diese Schwäche ist allerdings auch der Informationswissenschaft selbst anzulasten, die (im Gegensatz etwa zur Informatik) bisher keine allgemein anerkannte Fachdidaktik hervor gebracht hat. Trotz der besprochenen Desiderate ist der Titel bereits jetzt eine empfehlenswerte Ergänzung zu Vorlesungen in den behandelten Gebieten, wenn man einen fachlichen Hintergrund in Bibliotheksoder Informationswissenschaft voraussetzt."

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Date

2. 4.2000 18:01:22

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Source

Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.1, S.18-22

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Footnote

This book covers all of the primary areas in the DL Curriculum as suggested by T. Saracevic and M. Dalbello's (2001) and A. Spink and C. Cool's (1999) D-Lib articles an DL education. In fact, the book's coverage is quite broad; it includes a Superset of recommended topics, offering a chapter an professional issues (recommended in Spink and Cool) as well as three chapters devoted to DL research. The book comes with a comprehensive list of references and an index, allowing readers to easily locate a specific topic or research project of interest. Each chapter also begins with a short outline of the chapter. As an additional plus, the book is quite heavily Cross-referenced, allowing easy navigation across topics. The only drawback with regard to supplementary materials is that it Lacks a glossary that world be a helpful reference to students needing a reference guide to DL terminology. The book's organization is well thought out and each chapter stands independently of the others, facilitating instruction by parts. While not officially delineated into three parts, the book's fifteen chapters are logically organized as such. Chapters 2 and 3 form the first part, which surveys various DLs and DL research initiatives. The second and core part of the book examines the workings of a DL along various dimensions, from its design to its eventual implementation and deployment. The third part brings together extended topics that relate to a deployed DL: its preservation, evaluation, and relationship to the larger social content. Chapter 1 defines digital libraries and discusses the scope of the materials covered in the book. The authors posit that the meaning of digital library is best explained by its sample characteristics rather than by definition, noting that it has largely been shaped by the melding of the research and information professions. This reveals two primary facets of the DL: an "emphasis an digital content" coming from an engineering and computer science perspective as well as an "emphasis an services" coming from library and information professionals (pp. 4-5). The book's organization mirrors this dichotomy, focusing an the core aspects of content in the earlier chapters and retuming to the service perspective in later chapters.

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Content

Enthält die Kapitel: 1. Basic concepts of information retrieval systems, 2. Database technology, 3. Bibliographic formats, 4. Subject analysis and representation, 5. Automatic indexing and file organization, 6. Vocabulary control, 7. Abstracts and abstracting, 8. Searching and retrieval, 9. Users of information retrieval, 10. Evaluation of information retrieval systems, 11. Evaluation experiments, 12. Online information retrieval, 13. CD-ROM information retrieval, 14. Trends in CD-ROM and online information retrieval, 15. Multimedia information retrieval, 16. Hypertext and hypermedia systems, 17. Intelligent information retrieval, 18. Natural language processing and information retrieval, 19. Natural language interfaces, 20. Natural language text processing and retrieval systems, 21. Problems and prospects of natural language processing systems, 22. The Internet and information retrieval, 23. Trends in information retrieval.