-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The theoretical foundation of the IDC-system : 6 postulates for information retrieval; treatise 1 on information retrieval theory (1972)
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Fugmann, R.; Winter, J.H.: Reverse retrieval : toward analogy inferences by mechanized classification (treatise 7 on retrieval system theory) (1979)
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Fugmann, R.; Denk, W.: Variations in the order-creating power of interactive retrieval systems : treatise 8 on retrieval system theory (1980)
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-
Fugmann, R.; Isenberg, M.; Winter, J.H.: ¬Das Suchen nach verallgemeinerter Information : treatise 9 on retrieval system theory (1985)
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-
Fugmann, R.: Toward a theory of information supply and indexing : treatise 6 on retrieval system theory (1976)
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-
Fugmann, R.; Kusemann, G.; Winter, H.J.: ¬The supply of information an chemical reactions in the IDC system (1979)
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- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 15(1979), S.303-323
-
Fugmann, R.; Nickelsen, H.; Nickelsen, I.; Winter, J.H.: Representation of concept relations using the TOSAR system of IDC : treatise 3 on information retrieval theory (1974)
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-
Fugmann, R.: What is information? : an information veteran looks back (2022)
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- Date
- 18. 8.2022 19:22:57
-
Fugmann, R.: Subject analysis and indexing : theoretical foundation and practical advice (1993)
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- Content
- Enthält folgende Kapitel: Information and information systems; Information system survival power; Theoretical considerations on information storage and retrieval; Indexing (representation of the essence of documents; extractive, assignment, consistent indexing, indexing and abstracting, book indexing, index language vocabulary, syntax, concept analysis, evaluation of indexing quality); Technology of information supply; Glossary of terms used; Systematic and 'basic index'
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬Das Buchregister : Methodische Grundlagen und praktische Anwendung (2006)
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- Abstract
- 1. Im täglichen Leben oder im Beruf steht man oftmals vor der Aufgabe, nach Wissen zu suchen, das man in einem Buch gefunden hat oder das man darin vermutet. Dann ist es für den Suchenden lästig oder sogar unzumutbar, wenn er bei dieser Suche auf planloses Blättern angewiesen ist, bis er fündig geworden ist oder bis er schließlich zu dem Schluss gelangt, dass das Gesuchte im Buch wohl nicht enthalten ist, dies vielleicht nur irrtümlich, weil er wegen Zeitmangels vorzeitig aufgeben musste. 2. Jedes Buch, in welchem wiederverwertbares Wissen niedergelegt ist und welches nicht ausschließlich der Unterhaltung dient, sollte deswegen ein Register haben. Inhaltsverzeichnisse allein können wegen ihres allzu allgemeinen Charakters keinen ausreichend gut gezielten Zugang zum Wissen des Buches vermitteln. Als Suchender würde man allzu viel Zeit brauchen, um das momentan Interessierende darin aufzufinden. 3. Buchregister werden schon seit Jahrhunderten in unterschiedlichen Varianten angefertigt, in Abhängigkeit von der Eigenart der betreffenden Bücher, von der Verfügbarkeit von Platz und Zeit, und damit auch in Abhängigkeit von dem für das Register verfügbare Geld, abhängig aber auch von Erfahrung und Sachkundigkeit der Indexer und von den verfügbaren technischen Hilfsmitteln. 4. Ein gutes Register macht das im Buch enthaltene Wissen leicht und lückenlos wiederauffindbar und wiederverwertbar. So erlangt ein Buch erst dann seinen vollen Wert, wenn es für das gezielte (Wieder-) Auffinden von darin enthaltenem Wissen in der Weise inhaltlich erschlossen ist, dass man einen gesicherten Zugriff auf das Gesuchte hat. Dies gilt besonders für Lehr- und Anleitungsbücher. Dies ist eine Erfahrung, die schon fast so alt ist wie der Buchdruck selbst (Wellisch 1986, 1994A). 5. Mehr Bücher als jemals zuvor werden heutzutage produziert, aller Konkurrenz durch die elektronischen Medien zum Trotz. An der Notwendigkeit, das Wissen in diesen Büchern zu nutzen, hat sich nichts geändert und auch nichts an der Notwendigkeit, den Inhalt dieser Bücher leicht wiederauffindbar zu machen. Man möchte möglichst vollständig zu denjenigen Stellen im Buch hingeleitet werden, wo der Gegenstand des momentanen Interesses abgehandelt ist, und man möchte hierbei möglichst wenigem Ballast an Hinweisen auf thematisch nichteinschlägige Passagen ausgesetzt sein, denn dem Menschen steht immer nur ein sehr beschränktes Maß an Zeit und Aufmerksamkeit zum Suchen zur Verfügung. Dies sind kostbare Ressourcen, mit denen sorgsam umgegangen werden muss. Es gilt das 4. Gesetz der Bibliothekswissenschaft (Ranganathan 1967): "Save the time of the reader".
-
Fugmann, R.: On the role of subjectivity in establishing, using, operating and evaluating information retrieval systems : treatise 2 on information retrieval theory (1973)
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- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 9(1973), S.353-372
-
Fugmann, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change (2000)
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- Date
- 22. 9.1997 19:16:05
-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The glamour and the misery of the thesaurus approach : treatise 4 on information retrieval theory (1974)
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-
Fugmann, R.: ¬The analytico-synthetic foundation for large indexing & information retrieval systems : dedicated to Prof. Dr. Werner Schultheis, the vigorous initiator of modern chem. documentation in Germany on the occasion of his 85th birthday (1983)
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- LCSH
- Information retrieval
- Subject
- Information retrieval
-
Fugmann, R.; Braun, W.: ¬Die hierarchische Notation von Begriffen : ein lohnendes Arbeitsfeld für programmgesteuerte Rechenautomaten ; zugleich ein Beitrag zum System der Oktaven von Ranganathan (1962)
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Fugmann, R.: Bridging the gap between database indexing and book indexing (1997)
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- Abstract
- Traditionally, database indexing and book indexing have been looked upon as being quite distinct and have been kept apart in textbooks and teaching. The traditional borderline between both variations of indexing, however, should not conceal fundamental commonalities of the two approaches. For example, theausurus construction and usage, quite common in databases, has hardly been encountered in book indexing so far. Database indexing, on the other hand, has hardly made use of subheadings of the syntax-displaying type, quite common in book indexing. Most database users also prefer precombining vocabulary units and reject concept analysis. However, insisting on precombining descriptors in a large database vocabulary may, in the long run, well be destructive to the quality, of indexing and of the searches. A complementary approach is conceivable which provides both precombinations and analyzed subjects, both index language syntax and subheadings, and provides access to an information system via precombinations, without jeopardizing the manageability of the vocabulary. Such an approach causes considerable costs in input because it involves a great deal of intellectual work. On the other hand, much time and costs will be saved in the use of the system. In addition, such an approach would endow an information system with survival power
-
Fugmann, R.: Unusual possibilities in indexing and classification (1990)
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- Abstract
- Contemporary research in information science has concentrated on the development of methods for the algorithmic processing of natural language texts. Often, the equivalence of this approach to the intellectual technique of content analysis and indexing is claimed. It is, however, disregarded that contemporary intellectual techniques are far from exploiting their full capabilities. This is largely due to the omission of vocabulary categorisation. It is demonstrated how categorisation can drastically improve the quality of indexing and classification, and, hence, of retrieval
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and indexing languages (1985)
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- Abstract
- The second Cranfield experiment (Cranfield II) in the mid-1960s challenged assumptions held by librarians for nearly a century, namely, that the objective of providing subject access was to bring together all materials an a given topic and that the achieving of this objective required vocabulary control in the form of an index language. The results of Cranfield II were replicated by other retrieval experiments quick to follow its lead and increasing support was given to the opinion that natural language information systems could perform at least as effectively, and certainly more economically, than those employing index languages. When the results of empirical research dramatically counter conventional wisdom, an obvious course is to question the validity of the research and, in the case of retrieval experiments, this eventually happened. Retrieval experiments were criticized for their artificiality, their unrepresentative sampies, and their problematic definitions-particularly the definition of relevance. In the minds of some, at least, the relative merits of natural languages vs. indexing languages continued to be an unresolved issue. As with many eitherlor options, a seemingly safe course to follow is to opt for "both," and indeed there seems to be an increasing amount of counsel advising a combination of natural language and index language search capabilities. One strong voice offering such counsel is that of Robert Fugmann, a chemist by training, a theoretician by predilection, and, currently, a practicing information scientist at Hoechst AG, Frankfurt/Main. This selection from his writings sheds light an the capabilities and limitations of both kinds of indexing. Its special significance lies in the fact that its arguments are based not an empirical but an rational grounds. Fugmann's major argument starts from the observation that in natural language there are essentially two different kinds of concepts: 1) individual concepts, repre sented by names of individual things (e.g., the name of the town Augsburg), and 2) general concepts represented by names of classes of things (e.g., pesticides). Individual concepts can be represented in language simply and succinctly, often by a single string of alphanumeric characters; general concepts, an the other hand, can be expressed in a multiplicity of ways. The word pesticides refers to the concept of pesticides, but also referring to this concept are numerous circumlocutions, such as "Substance X was effective against pests." Because natural language is capable of infinite variety, we cannot predict a priori the manifold ways a general concept, like pesticides, will be represented by any given author. It is this lack of predictability that limits natural language retrieval and causes poor precision and recall. Thus, the essential and defining characteristic of an index language ls that it is a tool for representational predictability.
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Fugmann, R.: ¬The complementarity of natural and index language in the field of information supply : an overview of their specific capabilities and limitations (2002)
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- Abstract
- Natural text phrasing is an indeterminate process and, thus, inherently lacks representational predictability. This holds true in particular in the Gase of general concepts and of their syntactical connectivity. Hence, natural language query phrasing and searching is an unending adventure of trial and error and, in most Gases, has an unsatisfactory outcome with respect to the recall and precision ratlos of the responses. Human indexing is based an knowledgeable document interpretation and aims - among other things - at introducing predictability into the representation of documents. Due to the indeterminacy of natural language text phrasing and image construction, any adequate indexing is also indeterminate in nature and therefore inherently defies any satisfactory algorithmization. But human indexing suffers from a different Set of deficiencies which are absent in the processing of non-interpreted natural language. An optimally effective information System combines both types of language in such a manner that their specific strengths are preserved and their weaknesses are avoided. lf the goal is a large and enduring information system for more than merely known-item searches, the expenditure for an advanced index language and its knowledgeable and careful employment is unavoidable.
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Fugmann, R.: Representational predictibility : key to the resolution of several pending issues in indexing and information supply (1994)
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- Abstract
- The low effectiveness of most current information systems has often been pointed out and deplored. A number of misconceptions and experiments under unrealistic conditions have contributed to the faulty design and evaluation of information systems. The postulate of representational predictibility can help to clarify some of the still pending issues as there are the strenghts and limitations of uncontrolled natural language text in retrieval systems, factors for their evaluation, the reliability, consistency, and exhaustivity of indexing, the postulated 'inverse precision-recall relationship', and the usefulness of syntactical evices. The performance of information systems can be imporved if representational predictibility is aimed at in their design and operational use
