Search (50 results, page 3 of 3)

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Abstract

Analyzes the terms used for the technical oeprations of information retrieval in Spanish legislation in university level library and information studies. Considers 'documentary analysis' and 'cataloguing' to be unsuitable for representing the standards proposed by the Council of Universities and the most recent professional literature. Discusses the library and information studies curriculum of the University of Salamanca

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Abstract

Considers classification in the context of the information retrieval chain, a communication process. Defines classification as an heuristic methodology, which is being improved through scientific methodology. It is also an indexing process, setting each document in a systematic order, in a predictable place and therefore able to be efficiently retrieved. Classification appears to be determined by 4 factors: the structure of the world of documents, a function of the world of knowledge; the classification tools that allow us to codify them; the way in which people create and use classifications; and the features of the information unit

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Footnote

Übers. des Titels: Benefits of the use of controlled languages in information analysis and retrieval

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Abstract

Since the appearance of Diderot and D'Alembert's Encyclopedia in the 18th century, encyclopedias have undergone some modifications but until recently there have been no substantial alterations to the basic design established by the original authors. The emergence of massive data storage systems and sophisticated methods of information retrieval such as hypertext are bringing about considerable changes in the design of encyclopedias, especially as regards interactivity. Presents a critical evaluation of these new hypermedia encyclopedias, illustrating both their advantages and their weaknesses. Discusses the future of multimedia encyclopedia publishing

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Abstract

The idea of classification is based on the concept of fixed and absolute order, though each classification system reflects its historical origin and its subject to the characteristics of the individual who applies it as well as variations in the real world. Traditional classifications sought to establish differences and hierarchies, reflected in libraries in such systems as LC and Dewey. The scientific revolution of the mid 20th century introduced theories of interdisciplinarity resulting in the need for new approaches to library classification as a practical tool for locating texts as well as a way of ordering concepts. Computerised systems offer the advantage of flexibility, with the concomitant problem of noise. Users must therefore be trained to understand that categories and networks are employed not as dogmatically but relatively

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Abstract

For higher education, new technology opens up the possibility of online access to international information networks comprising the totality of human knowledge. Developing countries however risk becoming marginalized because they have no culture of cooperation. The Colombian Institute for the Development of Higher Education, ICFES, has been instrumental in developing the National Science and Technology Information Network, linked in 1993 to the National Higher Education System. The next step is to create a common communications infrastructure for all national systems, based on Internet protocols, so that all information units can link into the resources of the virtual library

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Abstract

The field of knowledge organization (KO) can be described as composed of the four distinct but connected layers of theory, systems, representation, and application. This paper focuses on the relations between KO theory and KO systems. It is acknowledged how the structure of KO systems is the product of a mixture of ontological, epistemological, and pragmatical factors. However, different systems give different priorities to each factor. A more ontologically-oriented approach, though not offering quick solutions for any particular group of users, will produce systems of wide and long-lasting application as they are based on general, shareable principles. I take the case of the ontological theory of integrative levels, which has been considered as a useful source for general classifications for several decades, and is currently implemented in the Integrative Levels Classification system. The theory produces a sequence of main classes modelling a natural order between phenomena. This order has interesting effects also on other features of the system, like the citation order of concepts within compounds. As it has been shown by facet analytical theory, it is useful that citation order follow a principle of inversion, as compared to the order of the same concepts in the schedules. In the light of integrative levels theory, this principle also acquires an ontological meaning: phenomena of lower level should be cited first, as most often they act as specifications of higher-level ones. This ontological principle should be complemented by consideration of the epistemological treatment of phenomena: in case a lower-level phenomenon is the main theme, it can be promoted to the leading position in the compound subject heading. The integration of these principles is believed to produce optimal results in the ordering of knowledge contents.

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Abstract

Documentation science has scientific status in that there is an identifiable scientific community and it uses research for problem-solving. It is characterised by both unity in diversity (i.e. documentation science integrates previous sciences such as library science, archive studies) and diversity in unity (i.e. it involves a whole range of non-documentation based disciplines). Documentation science seeks to generate new knowledge about documentary information, for the purpose of satisfying determined information needs. On this basis it can be understood as a conjunction of disciplines and sciences concerned with the study of that part of the documentation process focusing on information retrieval and dissemination

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Abstract

Information science is currently dominated by 2 paradigms: one emphasises information retrieval as a technological process, based on natural sciences; the other derives from the social sciences, focusing on the information process as a communication act. The first is based on the structure of atoms, the second as people as collective actors. In Brazil the social science approach predominates, chiefly through the influence of 3 currents of thought: American liberalism; German social democracy and French post-structuralism. The ideas of the chief exponents of these theories have been developed by Brazilian researchers, introducing elements from political economy, quantum physics, linguistics, social science and epistemology. This interdisciplinarity is the key to unity in information science

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Abstract

This article examines some of the ways in which the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas of El Colegio de Mexico is responding to meet goals stated in the Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico's 1997-2000 Development Plan. The Plan aims to prepare students for life-long learning by teaching them reasoning and questioning skills as well a competencies in selecting, organizing and processing information from diverse systems and sources. It notes the need to discover the skill library professionals must have in order to assist patrons effectively to become self-sufficient users of information. The environment examined is one where most college and university students are products of a very traditional primary and secondary educational system that emphasizes learning through the use of class lectures and assigned textbooks rather than research and self-discovery. The author points out the need for library professionals in Mexico's institutions of higher education to teach students how to learn to access and process information themselves in order to transform this information into knowledge they can use. Some of the administrative changes made at the Biblioteca Daniel Cosio Villegas to accomplish this are described. These include: more participation by library professionals in planning; favoring matrical organization between departments and projects and making decisions in a more collegial fashion; subject specialization by library professionals who select, catalog, classify and give service in a specific area; and incorporation of the user into the evaluation of existing processes and services and the creation of new ones which favor a more efficacious development of their information skills. The author concludes by proposing three basic principles to guide the re-engineering process that must be undertaken by academic libraries if they are to survive and seek to shape the future of information technology rather than just responding to the challenges it presents. These principles are: the value which accrues to information by transforming it into knowledge can be analyzed systematically; the value which accrues to technology is incremented by the degree to which it is accepted by library professionals and users; and this acceptance is a function of other variables which can be understood and controlled, especially the frequency of use resulting in the development of information skills. The improvement of information skills of library professionals and users therefore constitutes the principles objective of technological integration