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  • × theme_ss:"International bedeutende Universalklassifikationen"
  1. Mitchell, J.S.: DDC 22: Dewey in the world, the world in Dewey (2004) 0.13
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    Abstract
    In 2003, OCLC published Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22), in print and Web versions. The changes and updates in the new edition reflect a modern view of knowledge structures and address the general needs of Dewey users. The content of DDC 22 has been shaped by a number of social, geopolitical, and technical trends. The World Wide Web has provided a vehicle for more frequent distribution of updates to the DDC, and a medium for direct communication with Dewey users around the world. In addition to updating the system itself, other strategies are needed to accommodate the needs of the global Dewey user community. Translation of the system is one approach; another is mapping. Mapping terminology to the DDC is a strategy for supporting effective local implementation of the system while maintaining the internal cohesiveness of the DDC. This paper explores the usefulness of mapping terminology from English-language general subject headings lists produced outside the U.S.
    Date
    29. 8.2004 13:40:26
    Object
    DDC-22
  2. Mitchell, J.S.: DDC 22 : an introduction (2003) 0.06
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    Abstract
    Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22) will be issued simultaneously in print and web versions in July 2003. The new edition is the first full print update to the Dewey Decimal Classification system in seven years-it includes several significant updates and many new numbers and topics. DDC 22 also features some fundamental structural changes that have been introduced with the goals of promoting classifier efficiency and improving the DDC for use in a variety of applications in the web environment. Most importantly, the content of the new edition has been shaped by the needs and recommendations of Dewey users around the world. The worldwide user community has an important role in shaping the future of the DDC.
    Object
    DDC-22
  3. Dewey, M.: Dewey Decimal Classification and relative index (2003) 0.05
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Knowledge organization 31(2004) no.2, S.112-114 (M.P. Satija) : "With nearly 130 years of eventful and checkered history, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) is the oldest living yet thriving modern library classification. Having undergone 21 revisions, it is the most applied library classification structure all over the world. Apart from its use in libraries in more than 135 countries across six continents, many national and trade bibliographies use it for content organization. Furthermore, it is now making successful forays into the world of electronic documents and networked information. The print version of the 22nd edition was released in September 2003, two months later than the scheduled time of July 2003, and two months after the release of the electronic version, WebDewey. The period between print editions now seems settled to seven years as a matter of policy. As WebDewey, an the other hand, is updated an a quarterly basis, what really constitutes a new edition is problematic; edition is rolling, always in a flux without much fixity. The last half century, and more specifically the tenure of Benjamin A. Custer as editor (1956-1980; Editions 16-19), has been an era of structural changes in the DDC, backed by professional management and organizational planning. Custer was instrumental in not only resuscitating the system, but also in putting DDC back an the path of progress. His able successor, Dr. John P. Comaromi, edited the 20`h edition (1989) and ushered in a period of simplification and consolidation. Following the acquisition of Forest Press by OCLC in 1988, much more research has gone into making new editions of the DDC. The OCLC Office of Research has involved itself in classification research, especially in the harmonization of various knowledge classification systems and mapping of DDC numbers to subject headings, above all to make DDC capable of organizing electronic information of every sort. The acquisition of DDC by OCLC has also inaugurated an era of new products and services, along with organized marketing. DDC21 (1996) was a product of high IT, and the 22nd edition can safely be termed a child of network technology. It is indeed the first edition produced in the web environment. To stay abreast of current developments an knowledge practices, the editors relied an the Internet and electronic databases for new topics and terms. Editors and policy makes got constant feedback and suggestions via the Internet to add new features and to achieve accuracy and efficiency. In addition to the feedback and expert advice, this edition, as usual, is based an actual classification of three quarters of a million current books in the Decimal Classification Division of the Library of Congress since 1996.
    Changes DDC22 is the second edition prepared by Joan S. Mitchell who took over as editor in 1993. It carries forward the policies and improvements started in DDC21, especially the onslaught an the Christian and western cultural blas in the schedules and tables. The plan for reducing Christian blas in 200 Religion, initiated in DDC21, has now been completed, with some additional provisions in 296 and 297. An outstanding change has been the abrogation of Table 7 Persons. The functions of Table 7 are now filled by using T1-08 and whatever notation is appropriate from 011-999. There are at least six places in the tables and 12 places in the schedules where the use of T7 was prescribed; what good the abolition of T7 has produced is not clear. In fact, it does make number building in some cases a bit circuitous, especially while using Table 3C. It has also resulted in the reuse of many DDC 21 numbers with new meanings. However, some numbers remain the same e.g., Social customs of artists 390.47 (both in DDC21 and DDC22). A few numbers have also become shorter in length. In compliance with the recommendations of D'Elia's survey, all works relating to directories of travel facilities such as hotels, lodges, Motels, inns, have been shifted to 910.46 and to 913/919 whereas 647.94 continues to be in place for general information about hotels. A common practice in previous editions, that is full class or extensive revisions (phoenix schedules), appear to have been discontinued in the preparation of DDC22. But minor changes are numerous. There are more than one thousand relocations and discontiuations of class numbers. Some 40 numbers have been reused. ... However, all these changes are not those projected as slated changes for DDC22 in the DDC21 (1996), namely in 520 Astronomy, 355-359 Military science, 636-639 Animal husbandry and 690 Buildings. Obviously the switch over to the DDC 22 will put less strain an libraries. There has been considerable improvement in the manual, now shifted to volume 1 of the print edition (pp. 1-182). Notes in the manual have been shortened by removing redundant information and by dividing them into smaller sections. Some information from the manual has been transferred to the schedules and tables, in the form of notes. The manual is now clearer and easier to read. Flow Charts, built-in numbers, and see also references should help classifiers achieve greater consistency. The relative index has been beefed up. With its 928 pages, it is 333 pages longer than the previous one, including new built-in numbers and many additional terms. The entry vocabulary is wide-based and current. DDC 22, the first edition of this millennium, has kept pace with the fast changing information environment to map and organize it squarely. To quote our friends at OCLC: knowledge is a big world, and they have organized it."
    Object
    DDC-22
  4. Belayche, C.: ¬A propos de la classification de Dewey (1997) 0.04
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    Abstract
    All classifications are based on ideologies and Dewey is marked by its author's origins in 19th century North America. Subsequent revisions indicate changed ways of understanding the world. Section 157 (psycho-pathology) is now included with 616.89 (mental troubles), reflecting the move to a genetic-based approach. Table 5 (racial, ethnic and national groups) is however unchanged, despite changing views on such categorisation
    Date
    29. 1.1996 16:50:24
    Source
    Bulletin d'informations de l'Association des Bibliothecaires Francais. 1997, no.175, S.22-23
  5. Vizine-Goetz, D.; Beall, J.: Using literary warrant to define a version of the DDC for automated classification services (2004) 0.03
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    Abstract
    This paper presents the results of an exploratory study to determine literary warrant for topics in electronic resources. The classification numbers in Abridged Edition 14 were used as a starting point. Using the principles of abridgment and expansion in Dewey, a version of the DDC is defined that accommodates the topics found an three diverse Web sites that use Dewey: BUBL, Canadian Information By Subject, and KidsClick! The resulting classes are used to create a database for automated classification of Web resources.
    Date
    29. 8.2004 13:42:31
    Object
    DDC-22
  6. Dewey, M.: Decimal classification and relativ index : introduction (1985) 0.03
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    Abstract
    To those outside the field of library science, the name Melvil Dewey (1851-1931) is virtually synonymous with library classification. To those in the field, Dewey has been recognized as the premier classification maker. His enormously successful system (i.e., successful in terms of the wide adoption of the system around the world for over one hundred years) has now undergone nineteen editions. The Dewey Decimal Classification has been translated into more than twenty languages and is the most widely adopted classification scheme in the world. Even in its earliest manifestations, the Dewey Decimal Classification contained features that anticipated modern classification theory. Among these are the use of mnemonics and the commonly applied standard subdivisions, later called "common isolates" by S. R. Ranganathan (q.v.), which are the mainstays of facet analysis and synthesis. The device of standard subdivisions is an indication of the recognition of common aspects that pervade all subjects. The use of mnemonics, whereby recurring concepts in the scheme are represented by the same notation, for example, geographic concepts and language concepts, eased the transition of the Dewey Decimal Classification from a largely enumerative system to an increasingly faceted one. Another significant feature of the Dewey Decimal Classification is the use of the hierarchical notation based an the arabic numeral system. To a large extent, this feature accounts for the wide use and success of the system in the world across language barriers. With the prospect of increasing online information retrieval, the hierarchical notation will have a significant impact an the effectiveness of the Dewey Decimal Classification as an online retrieval tool. Because the notation is hierarchical, for example, with increasing digits in a number representing narrower subjects and decreasing digits indicating broader subjects, the Dewey Decimal Classification is particularly useful in generic searches for broadening or narrowing search results. In the preface to the second edition of his Decimal Classification Dewey explained the features of his "new" system. The excerpt below presents his ideas and theory concerning the rational basis of his classification, the standard subdivisions, the hierarchical notation based an decimal numbers, the use of mnemonics, the relative index, and relative location. It also reflects Dewey's lifelong interest in simplified spelling.
  7. McIlwaine, I.C.: ¬The Universal Decimal Classification : a guide to its use (2000) 0.03
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    Abstract
    This book is an extension and total revision of the author's earlier Guide to the use of UDC. The original was written in 1993 and in the intervening years much has happened with the classification. In particular, a much more rigorous approach has been undertaken in revision to ensure that the scheme is able to handle the requirements of a networked world. The book outlines the history and development of the Universal Decimal Classification, provides practical hints on its application and works through all the auxiliary and main tables highlighting aspects that need to be noted in applying the scheme. It also provides guidance on the use of the Master Reference File and discusses the ways in which the classification is used in the 21st century and its suitability as an aid to subject description in tagging metadata and consequently for application on the Internet. It is intended as a source for information about the scheme, for practical usage by classifiers in their daily work and as a guide to the student learning how to apply the classification. It is amply provided with examples to illustrate the many ways in which the scheme can be applied and will be a useful source for a wide range of information workers
  8. Chan, L.M.; Hodges, T.L.: Library of Congress Classification (LCC) (2009) 0.02
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    Abstract
    The Library of Congress Classification (LCC), originally designed for classifying the Library's own collection, is now used in a wide range of libraries, both in the United States and abroad. This entry recounts its history and development from its genesis to the present time, leading up to an explanation of LCC structure, tables, and notation. It then considers the system's potential for wider application in the online age, through speculation on using LCC as a tool for (a) partitioning large files; (b) generating domain-specific taxonomies; and (c) integrating classification and controlled subject terms for improved retrieval in the online public access catalog (OPAC) and the Internet. Finally, analyzing both its strong and relatively weak features, it addresses the question of whether in its current state LCC is in all respects ready for playing such roles
    Date
    27. 8.2011 14:22:42
  9. Slavic, A.: Use of the Universal Decimal Classification : a world-wide survey (2008) 0.02
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  10. Bowman, J.H.: Essential Dewey (2005) 0.02
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    Abstract
    In this book, John Bowman provides an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification suitable either for beginners or for librarians who are out of practice using Dewey. He outlines the content and structure of the scheme and then, through worked examples using real titles, Shows readers how to use it. Most chapters include practice exercises, to which answers are given at the end of the book. A particular feature of the book is the chapter dealing with problems of specific parts of the scheme. Later chapters offer advice and how to cope with compound subjects, and a brief introduction to the Web version of Dewey.
    Content
    "The contents of the book cover: This book is intended as an introduction to the Dewey Decimal Classification, edition 22. It is not a substitute for it, and I assume that you have it, all four volumes of it, by you while reading the book. I have deliberately included only a short section an WebDewey. This is partly because WebDewey is likely to change more frequently than the printed version, but also because this book is intended to help you use the scheme regardless of the manifestation in which it appears. If you have a subscription to WebDewey and not the printed volumes you may be able to manage with that, but you may then find my references to volumes and page numbers baffling. All the examples and exercises are real; what is not real is the idea that you can classify something without seeing more than the title. However, there is nothing that I can do about this, and I have therefore tried to choose examples whose titles adequately express their subject-matter. Sometimes when you look at the 'answers' you may feel that you have been cheated, but I hope that this will be seldom. Two people deserve special thanks. My colleague Vanda Broughton has read drafts of the book and made many suggestions. Ross Trotter, chair of the CILIP Dewey Decimal Classification Committee, who knows more about Dewey than anyone in Britain today, has commented extensively an it and as far as possible has saved me from error, as well as suggesting many improvements. What errors remain are due to me alone. Thanks are also owed to OCLC Online Computer Library Center, for permission to reproduce some specimen pages of DDC 22. Excerpts from the Dewey Decimal Classification are taken from the Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 which is Copyright 2003 OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc. DDC, Dewey, Dewey Decimal Classification and WebDewey are registered trademarks of OCLC Online Computer Library Center, Inc."
    Footnote
    "The title says it all. The book contains the essentials for a fundamental understanding of the complex world of the Dewey Decimal Classification. It is clearly written and captures the essence in a concise and readable style. Is it a coincidence that the mysteries of the Dewey Decimal System are revealed in ten easy chapters? The typography and layout are clear and easy to read and the perfect binding withstood heavy use. The exercises and answers are invaluable in illustrating the points of the several chapters. The book is well structured. Chapter 1 provides an "Introduction and background" to classification in general and Dewey in particular. Chapter 2 describes the "Outline of the scheme" and the conventions in the schedules and tables. Chapter 3 covers "Simple subjects" and introduces the first of the exercises. Chapters 4 and 5 describe "Number-building" with "standard subdivisions" in the former and "other methods" in the latter. Chapter 6 provides an excellent description of "Preference order" and Chapter 7 deals with "Exceptions and options." Chapter 8 "Special subjects," while no means exhaustive, gives a thorough analysis of problems with particular parts of the schedules from "100 Philosophy" to "910 Geography" with a particular discussion of "'Persons treatment"' and "Optional treatment of biography." Chapter 9 treats "Compound subjects." Chapter 10 briefly introduces WebDewey and provides the URL for the Web Dewey User Guide http://www.oclc.org/support/documentation/dewey/ webdewey_userguide/; the section for exercises says: "You are welcome to try using WebDewey an the exercises in any of the preceding chapters." Chapters 6 and 7 are invaluable at clarifying the options and bases for choice when a work is multifaceted or is susceptible of classification under different Dewey Codes. The recommendation "... not to adopt options, but use the scheme as instructed" (p. 71) is clearly sound. As is, "What is vital, of course, is that you keep a record of the decisions you make and to stick to them. Any option Chosen must be used consistently, and not the whim of the individual classifier" (p. 71). The book was first published in the UK and the British overtones, which may seem quite charming to a Canadian, may be more difficult for readers from the United States. The correction of Dewey's spelling of Labor to Labo [u] r (p. 54) elicited a smile for the championing of lost causes and some relief that we do not have to cope with 'simplified speling.' The down-to-earth opinions of the author, which usually agree with those of the reviewer, add savour to the text and enliven what might otherwise have been a tedious text indeed. However, in the case of (p. 82):
    Dewey requires that you classify bilingual dictionaries that go only one way with the language in which the entries are written, which means that an English-French dictionary has to go with English, not French. This is very unhelpful and probably not widely observed in English-speaking libraries ... one may wonder (the Norman conquest not withstanding) why Bowman feels that it is more useful to class the book in the language of the definition rather than that of the entry words - Dewey's requirement to class a dictionary of French words with English definitions with French language dictionaries seems quite reasonable. In the example of Anglo-French relations before the second World War (p. 42) the principle of adding two notations from Table 2 is succinctly illustrated but there is no discussion of why the notation is -41044 rather than -44041. Is it because the title is 'Anglo'-'French', or because -41 precedes -44, or because it is assumed that the book is being catalogued for an English library that wished to keep all Anglo relations together? The bibliography lists five classic works and the School Library Association (UK) website. The index provides additional assistance in locating topics; however it is not clear whether it is intended to be a relative index with terms in direct order or nouns with subdivisions. There are a few Cross-references and some double posting. The instruction ") ( means 'compared with"' (p. 147) seems particularly twee since the three occasions in the index could easily have included the text "compared with;" the saving of space is not worth the potential confusion. There is no entry for "displaced standard subdivisions" one must look under "standard subdivisions" with the subdivision "displaced." There is no entry for "approximating the whole," although "standing room," "class here notes" and "including notes" are listed. Both "rule of zero" and "zero" with the subdivision "rule of" are included. The "rule of zero" is really all you need to know about Dewey (p. 122): Something which can be useful if you are really stuck is to consider the possibilities one digit at a time, and never put 0 if you can put something more specific. Be as specific as possible, but if you can't say something good, say nothing. This slim volume clearly follows this advice."
    Object
    DDC-22
  11. Sulistyo-Basuki, L.: Greater subject access to Dewey Decimal Classification's notation, with special reference to Indonesia's geography, period and language notations (2007) 0.02
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    Content
    Vortrag anlässlich: WORLD LIBRARY AND INFORMATION CONGRESS: 73RD IFLA GENERAL CONFERENCE AND COUNCIL 19-23 August 2007, Durban, South Africa. - 157 - Classification and Indexing
    Date
    26.12.2011 13:29:53
  12. Batley, S.: Classification in theory and practice (2005) 0.02
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    Abstract
    This book examines a core topic in traditional librarianship: classification. Classification has often been treated as a sub-set of cataloguing and indexing with relatively few basic textbooks concentrating solely an the theory and practice of classifying resources. This book attempts to redress the balance somewhat. The aim is to demystify a complex subject, by providing a sound theoretical underpinning, together with practical advice and promotion of practical skills. The text is arranged into five chapters: Chapter 1: Classification in theory and practice. This chapter explores theories of classification in broad terms and then focuses an the basic principles of library classification, introducing readers to technical terminology and different types of classification scheme. The next two chapters examine individual classification schemes in depth. Each scheme is explained using frequent examples to illustrate basic features. Working through the exercises provided should be enjoyable and will enable readers to gain practical skills in using the three most widely used general library classification schemes: Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Universal Decimal Classification. Chapter 2: Classification schemes for general collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress classifications are the most useful and popular schemes for use in general libraries. The background, coverage and structure of each scheme are examined in detail in this chapter. Features of the schemes and their application are illustrated with examples. Chapter 3: Classification schemes for specialist collections. Dewey Decimal and Library of Congress may not provide sufficient depth of classification for specialist collections. In this chapter, classification schemes that cater to specialist needs are examined. Universal Decimal Classification is superficially very much like Dewey Decimal, but possesses features that make it a good choice for specialist libraries or special collections within general libraries. It is recognised that general schemes, no matter how deep their coverage, may not meet the classification needs of some collections. An answer may be to create a special classification scheme and this process is examined in detail here. Chapter 4: Classifying electronic resources. Classification has been reborn in recent years with an increasing need to organise digital information resources. A lot of work in this area has been conducted within the computer science discipline, but uses basic principles of classification and thesaurus construction. This chapter takes a broad view of theoretical and practical issues involved in creating classifications for digital resources by examining subject trees, taxonomies and ontologies. Chapter 5: Summary. This chapter provides a brief overview of concepts explored in depth in previous chapters. Development of practical skills is emphasised throughout the text. It is only through using classification schemes that a deep understanding of their structure and unique features can be gained. Although all the major schemes covered in the text are available an the Web, it is recommended that hard-copy versions are used by those wishing to become acquainted with their overall structure. Recommended readings are supplied at the end of each chapter and provide useful sources of additional information and detail. Classification demands precision and the application of analytical skills, working carefully through the examples and the practical exercises should help readers to improve these faculties. Anyone who enjoys cryptic crosswords should recognise a parallel: classification often involves taking the meaning of something apart and then reassembling it in a different way.
    Footnote
    The heart of the book lies in its exceptionally clear and well illustrated explanation of each of the classification schemes. These are presented comprehensively, but also in gratifying detail, down to the meaning of the various enigmatic notes and notations, such as "config" or "class elsewhere" notes, each simply explained, as if a teacher were standing over your shoulder leading you through it. Such attention at such a fine level may seem superfluous or obvious to a seasoned practitioner, but it is in dealing with such enigmatic details that we find students getting discouraged and confused. That is why I think this would be an excellent text, especially as a book to hold in one hand and the schedules themselves in the other. While the examples throughout and the practical exercises at the end of each chapter are slanted towards British topics, they are aptly Chosen and should present no problem of understanding to a student anywhere. As mentioned, this is an unabashedly practical book, focusing an classification as it has been and is presently applied in libraries for maintaining a "useful book order." It aims to develop those skills that would allow a student to learn how it is done from a procedural rather than a critical perspective. At times, though, one wishes for a bit more of a critical approach - one that would help a student puzzle through some of the ambiguities and issues that the practice of classification in an increasingly global rather than local environment entails. While there is something to be said for a strong foundation in existing practice (to understand from whence it all came), the author essentially accepts the status quo, and ventures almost timidly into any critique of the content and practice of existing classification schemes. This lack of a critical analysis manifests itself in several ways: - The content of the classification schemes as described in this book is treated as fundamentally "correct" or at least "given." This is not to say the author doesn't recognize anomalies and shortcomings, but that her approach is to work with what is there. Where there are logical flaws in the knowledge representation structures, the author takes the approach that there are always tradeoffs, and one must simply do the best one can. This is certainly true for most people working in libraries where the choice of scheme is not controlled by the classifier, and it is a wonderful skill indeed to be able to organize creatively and carefully despite imperfect systems. The approach is less convincing, however, when it is also applied to emerging or newly developed schemes, such as those proposed for organizing electronic resources. Here, the author could have been a bit braver in at least encouraging less normative approaches. - There is also a lingering notion that classification is a precise science. For example the author states (p. 13): Hospitality is the ability to accommodate new topics and concepts in their correct place in the schedules ... Perfect hospitality world mean that every new subject could be accommodated in the most appropriate place in the schedules. In practice, schemes do manage to fit new subjects in, but not necessarily in their most appropriate place. It world have been helpful to acknowledge that for many complex subjects there is no one appropriate place. The author touches an this dilemma, but in passing, and not usually when she is providing practical pointers.
    - Similarly, there is very little space provided to the thorny issue of subject analysis, which is at the conceptual core of classification work of any kind. The author's recommendations are practical, and do not address the subjective nature of this activity, nor the fundamental issues of how the classification schemes are interpreted and applied in diverse contexts, especially with respect to what a work "is about." - Finally, there is very little about practical problem solving - stories from the trenches as it were. How does a classifier choose one option over another when both seem plausible, even given that he or she has done a user and task analysis? How do classifiers respond to rapid or seemingly impulsive change? How do we evaluate the products of our work? How do we know what is the "correct" solution, even if we work, as most of us do, assuming that this is an elusive goal, but we try our best anyway? The least satisfying section of the book is the last, where the author proposes some approaches to organizing electronic resources. The suggestions seem to be to more or less transpose and adapt skills and procedures from the world of organizing books an shelves to the virtual hyperlinked world of the Web. For example, the author states (p. 153-54): Precise classification of documents is perhaps not as crucial in the electronic environment as it is in the traditional library environment. A single document can be linked to and retrieved via several different categories to allow for individual needs and expertise. However, it is not good practice to overload the system with links because that will affect its use. Effort must be made to ensure that inappropriate or redundant links are not included. The point is well taken: too muck irrelevant information is not helpful. At the same time an important point concerning the electronic environment has been overlooked as well: redundancy is what relieves the user from making precise queries or knowing the "right" place for launching a search, and redundancy is what is so natural an the Web. These are small objections, however. Overall the book is a carefully crafted primer that gives the student a strong foundation an which to build further understanding. There are well-chosen and accessible references for further reading. I world recommend it to any instructor as an excellent starting place for deeper analysis in the classroom and to any student as an accompanying text to the schedules themselves."
  13. Kaushik, S.K.: DDC 22 : a practical approach (2004) 0.02
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    Abstract
    A system of library classification that flashed across the inquiring mind of young Melvil Louis Kossuth Dewey (known as Melvil Dewey) in 1873 is still the most popular classification scheme.. The modern library classification begins with Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). Melvil Dewey devised DDC in 1876. DDC has is credit of 128 years of boudless success. The DDC is being taught as a practical subject throughout the world and it is being used in majority of libraries in about 150 countries. This is the result of continuous revision that 22nd Edition of DDC has been published in July 2003. No other classification scheme has published so many editions. Some welcome changes have been made in DDC 22. To reduce the Christian bias in 200 religion, the numbers 201 to 209 have been devoted to specific aspects of religion. In the previous editions these numbers were devoted to Christianity. to enhance the classifier's efficiency, Table 7 has been removed from DDC 22 and the provision of adding group of persons is made by direct use of notation already available in schedules and in notation -08 from Table 1 Standard Subdivision. The present book is an attempt to explain, with suitable examples, the salient provisions of DDC 22. The book is written in simple language so that the students may not face any difficulty in understanding what is being explained. The examples in the book are explained in a step-by-step procedure. It is hoped that this book will prove of great help and use to the library professionals in general and library and information science students in particular.
    Content
    1. Introduction to DDC 22 2. Major changes in DDC 22 3. Introduction to the schedules 4. Use of Table 1 : Standard Subdivisions 5. Use of Table 2 : Areas 6. Use of Table 3 : Subdivisions for the arts, for individual literatures, for specific literary forms 7. Use to Table 4 : Subdivisions of individual languages and language families 8. Use of Table 5 : Ethic and National groups 9. Use of Table 6 : Languages 10. Treatment of Groups of Persons
    Object
    DDC-22
  14. General Classification Systems in a changing world : Proceedings of the FID Classification Symposium held in commemoration of the Dewey centenary, Brussels, Nov. 1976 (1978) 0.01
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  15. Heiner-Freiling, M.: DDC German - the project, the aims, the methods : new ideas for a well-established traditional classification system (2006) 0.01
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    Abstract
    The paper will give a short outline of the project DDC German. The project is not limited to a mere translation of DDC 22, but aims at the implementation of Dewey in the library networks of the German-language countries. Use of DDC mainly for retrieval purposes, not for shelving, leads to certain new aspects in classifying with Dewey which are described in detail and presented together with the German web service Melvil. Based an the German experience of cooperation and data exchange in the field of verbal indexing the paper develops some ideas an future Dewey cooperation between European and American libraries.
  16. Gödert, W.: ¬"Die Welt ist groß - Wir bringen Ordnung in diese Welt" : Das DFG-Projekt DDC Deutsch (2002) 0.01
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    Abstract
    In diesem Beitrag wird die Zielsetzung und die geplante Durchführung des Projektes DDC Deutsch zur Herstellung einer deutschen Version der 22. Ausgabe der Dewey Decimal Classification näher beschrieben. Es werden Gründe für die Durchführung des Vorhabens diskutiert und der erwartete spätere Nutzen beschrieben.
    Date
    28.11.2004 13:29:01
  17. Chan, L.M.: Dewey Decimal Classification : Edition 21 and international perspectives. Opening remarks (1997) 0.01
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    Abstract
    In respect to the nature and quantity of available information, 1876 was a very different world from the one we know in the 1990s. Yet in spite of over a century of changes, the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC), the system that helped organize a small college library, has grown to one that is helping the whole world organize its vast store of information resources. In this closing session, I would like to summarize some of the major factors that have contributed so far to the Dewey system's success as an information organization tool. I will also discuss ongoing efforts to ensure its viability in the future
  18. Kleiber, K.; Lindpointner, R.: DDC in Europa : Workshop "The use of the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC) in Europe: recent developments and future perspectives" und "Meeting of the European DDC users' group" (2007) 0.01
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    Content
    Der dann folgende Vortrag von Joan Mitchell mit dem programmatischen Titel "Locality and universality in the DDC" gab zuerst einen Überblick über die laufenden Übersetzungsprojekte, bezogen auf die Ed. 22, nämlich: Französisch, Italienisch, Spanisch, Griechisch, Arabisch und Chinesisch. Bezogen auf die Abridged Ed. 14 außerdem: Hebräisch und Vietnamesisch. Sie erwähnte auch den Einsatz von Dewey bei internationalen Projekten wie der "World Digital Library". Der zentrale Punkt des Vortrags betraf dann den Spagat zwischen ,Localization and Interoperability', d.h. zwischen Anpassung an regionale Gegebenheiten (wie z.B. Unterschiede in den Bereichen des Rechts- und Erziehungssystems) auf der einen Seite und Festhalten an der Durchgängigkeit der Bedeutung über alle Sprachen und Kulturen hinweg. Wie auch Magda Heiner-Freiling in ihrem Vortrag hinwies, hat sich die amerikanisch geprägte DDC im Zuge der Übersetzungsprojekte zwar schrittweise den Bedürfnissen der Benutzer in anderen Erdteilen geöffnet, dennoch bestehen noch zahlreiche Schwierigkeiten. Das von Heiner-Freiling erwähnte Beispiel der Pädagogik zeigte aber auch, dass Vorsicht bei Alleingängen auf nationaler Ebene geboten ist, da z.B. im Zuge des Bologna-Prozesses auch in Europa amerikanische institutionelle Strukturen und Terminologie im Bildungswesen Einzug halten. Weitere Vorträge befassten sich mit der Arbeit an elektronischen Verfahren zur automatischen Analyse von DDC-Notationen (Ulrike Reiner aus Göttingen), mit der DDC-Übersetzungs-Software, die für die Übersetzung ins Deutsche entwickelt wurde und nun auch in allen anderen Sprachen im Einsatz ist (Peter Werling, Fa. Pansoft) bzw. mit der DDC-Suche in verschiedenen Webportalen (Lars G. Svensson, DNB). Der abschließende Vortrag von Magda Heiner-Freiling (DNB) ging dann wieder ins Programmatische mit dem Vorschlag, eine gemeinsame European DDC Users Group (EDUG) zu gründen, um gemeinsame Anliegen der europäischen Dewey-User, was z.B. die anfangs erwähnten Probleme in einzelnen Bereichen betrifft, gemeinsam gegenüber den amerikanischen Herausgebern zu vertreten, um so mehr Einfluss auf die künftige Entwicklung der DDC zu haben.
    Wer sich näher für einzelne Themen interessiert, hat die Möglichkeit, auf der Homepage der Schweizer Nationalbibliothek die Präsentationsunterlagen der einzelnen Vorträge einzusehen (http://www.nb.admin.ch/slb/slb_professionnel/projektarbeit/00729/01615/01675/index.html?lang=de). Ziel des zweiten Tages war die Gründung einer europäischen DDC-Anwendergruppe zum Zweck der Vernetzung und Planung für die gemeinsame Entwicklungsarbeit. Anwesend waren Vertreterinnen der Nationalbibliotheken von Großbritannien, Deutschland, Frankreich, Schweden, Norwegen, Italien, Schweiz und Österreich sowie eine Vertreterin von OCLC. Eingeladen hatten die Nationalbibliotheken von Deutschland und der Schweiz. Vormittags wurde eine allgemeine Diskussion über die Ziele und Möglichkeiten einer solchen Anwendergruppe sowie allgemein über die Vorteile einer DDC-Anwendung in Europa diskutiert. Ziele von EDUG könnten sein: - Monitoring der europäischen DDC-Anwendungen - Kenntnis der unterschiedlichen Anwendungsregeln in den verschiedenen Ländern - Zugang auch zu den DDC-Übersetzungen in anderen Sprachen samt Expansionen - Zusammenarbeit beim Angebot von "built numbers" Zusammenarbeit mit OCLC als Vertreterin von europäischen Anliegen (die am Vortag ausführlich angesprochen worden waren) - Harmonisierung der Änderungen in den verschiedensprachigen Ausgaben (21./22. Ed., unterschiedliche Erweiterungen, anderer Sprachgebrauch) - Kooperation bei der Realisierung von technischen Plänen wie z.B. die automatische Klassifikation von Online-Dokumenten oder dem Mapping zu anderen Klassifikationssystemen - Weitergabe von Know-how und Erfahrungen an andere Interessierte Spontan wurden drei Arbeitsgruppen ins Leben gerufen, und zwar eine für technische Angelegenheiten und zwei inhaltliche für die kritischen Bereiche Recht und Erziehung. Nachmittags wurden die Satzungen von EDUG diskutiert und überarbeitet. Bei vielen Punkten wurde Übereinkunft erzielt. Einzelne Fragen blieben noch offen und sollen beim nächsten Treffen - wahrscheinlich im April 2008 in Frankfurt - endgültig fixiert werden."
  19. Higgins, C.: Library of Congress Classification : Teddy Roosevelt's world in numbers? (2012) 0.01
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  20. Comaroni, J.P.; Satija, M.P.: Dewey Decimal Classification: history and current status (1989) 0.01
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    Abstract
    This book gives a concise history and present status of the Dewey Decimal Classification with since its birth in America more than a century ago has spread to 135 countries of the world. Since it was not created for foreign users originally, the DDC has run into difficulties.

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