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  • × theme_ss:"Biographische Darstellungen"
  1. Robertson, S.; Tait, J.: In Memoriam Karen Sparck Jones (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This note is also appearing in the Journal of the American Society for Information Systems and Technology.
    Date
    26.12.2007 14:22:47
    Source
    Information processing and management. 43(2007) no.6, S.1441-1446
  2. Klaus, H.G.: Jan-Michael Czermak : 19 Jahre Fachinformationspolitik geprägt (2001) 0.01 
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    Date
    10.11.2001 21:29:00
    Source
    nfd Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 52(2001) H.7, S.429-432
  3. Prasad, K.N.: Professor A. Neelameghan and the Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Prof. Arashanipalai Neelameghan (AN) has been associated with the Sarada Ranganathan Endowment for Library Science (SRELS) since its founding by Dr. S. R. Ranganathan (Dr.SRR) in 1961 (registered with the Treasurer of Charitable Endowments, Government of India, New Delhi, in 1963). Its aims and objectives briefly are: to improve the library and information services in India; to train library and information service personnel; to promote the provision of efficient library and information service; and to apply research results of library and information studies.
    Date
    29. 2.2008 18:17:50
    Source
    Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Professor A. Neelameghan Festschrift. Ed. by K.S. Raghavan and K.N. Prasad
  4. lyer, H.: Professional profile of Professor A. Neelameghan : excerpts from interview sessions (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    When the festschrift volume was conceived, I was asked to contribute to the volume because of my professional association with Professor A. Neelameghan (AN), who was my teacher at the Documentation Research and Training Centre (DRTC) established by Dr S.R. Ranganathan in 1962. We have co-authored papers for conferences and periodicals and he has been a mentor for my own research. I am delighted to contribute this article based on interviews and discussions with him. Prof. Neelameghan (AN) has had a very distinguished professional career with a broad range of interests including, library and information science education, information systems and services, information policy, management, industrial information services, database design, knowledge organization and related tools. He joined Dr. S.R. Ranganathan in 1962 at the DRTC in Bangalore, India, where he made prolific contributions to research, especially in the area of knowledge organization.
    Date
    29. 2.2008 18:10:29
    Source
    Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Professor A. Neelameghan Festschrift. Ed. by K.S. Raghavan and K.N. Prasad
  5. Kumar, G.: S.R. Ranganathan : an intellectual biography (1992) 0.01 
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    Date
    5. 1.1999 16:31:29
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Journal of documentation 50(1994) no.1, S.64-65 (D.J. Foskett); Knowledge organization 20(1993) no.1, S.59 (M.P. Satija); Education for information 11(1993) no.4, S.342-245 (P.B. Mangla)
  6. Rayward, W.B.: ¬The origins of information science and the International Institute of Bibliography / International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID) (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation
    Source
    International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15
  7. Garfield, E.: Recollections of Irving H. Sher 1924-1996 : Polymath/information scientist extraordinaire (2001) 0.01 
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    Date
    16.12.2001 14:01:22
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.14, S.1197-1202
  8. Kester, D.D.; Jones, P.A.: Frances Henne and the development of school library standards (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    15. 2.2007 19:00:22
    Footnote
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science
  9. Williamson, N.J.: Professor Neelameghan's contribution to the advancement and development of classification in the context of knowledge organization (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Presents a brief overview of Prof. A. Neelameghan's works/contributions more particularly to classification and knowledge organization, based on papers abstracted in Library and Information Science Abstracts and Information Science Abstracts, since the early 1960s when he joined Dr. S.R. Ranganathan at the Documentation Research and Training Centre, in Bangalore. Concludes "Following the path of Neelameghan's research and publication we get a picture of how certain aspects of knowledge organization have developed with particular emphasis on the importance and impact offaceted classification in that development. The result is an outstanding contribution to the history, development and application of the facet model developed by Ranganathan, affirmed at the Dorking Conference in 1957 and seemingly reaffirmed" in the present analysis in 2003.
    Date
    29. 2.2008 13:44:58
    Source
    Knowledge organization, information systems and other essays: Professor A. Neelameghan Festschrift. Eds.: K.S. Raghavan u. K.N. Prasad
  10. Dextre Clarke, S.: Jean Aitchison (1925-2020) (2021) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Obituary. On 26 November 2020 the information/knowledge professions lost a pioneer whose work has been an inspiration to successive generations of our colleagues, and still influences knowledge organization techniques today. Jean Aitchison was probably best known for her innovative 1969 publication Thesaurofacet, combining a faceted classification with a thesaurus, and for the classic text Thesaurus construction: a practical manual which she co-authored through four editions starting in 1972. Those two works provided, respectively, a model for best practice and a crystal clear guide to the intellectual task of building a thesaurus.
    Date
    29. 4.2021 19:28:33
  11. Saving the time of the library user through subject access innovation : Papers in honor of Pauline Atherton Cochrane (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Pauline Atherton Cochrane has been contributing to library and information science for fifty years. Think of it-from mid-century to the millennium, from ENIAC (practically) to Internet 11 (almost here). What a time to be in our field! Her work an indexing, subject access, and the user-oriented approach had immediate and sustained impact, and she continues to be one of our most heavily cited authors (see, JASIS, 49[4], 327-55) and most beloved personages. This introduction includes a few words about my own experiences with Pauline as well as a short summary of the contributions that make up this tribute. A review of the curriculum vita provided at the end of this publication Shows that Pauline Cochrane has been involved in a wide variety of work. As Marcia Bates points out in her note (See below), Pauline was (and is) a role model, but I will always think of her as simply the best teacher 1 ever had. In 1997, I entered the University of Illinois Graduate School of Library and Information Science as a returning mid-life student; my previous doctorate had not led to a full-time job and I was re-tooling. I was not sure what 1 would find in library school, and the introductory course attended by more than 100 students from widely varied backgrounds had not yet convinced me I was in the right place. Then, one day, Pauline gave a guest lecture an the digital library in my introductory class. I still remember it. She put up some notes-a few words clustered an the blackboard with some circles and directional arrows-and then she gave a free, seemingly extemporaneous, but riveting narrative. She set out a vision for ideal information exchange in the digital environment but noted a host of practical concerns, issues, and potential problems that required (demanded!) continued human intervention. The lecture brought that class and the entire semester's work into focus; it created tremendous excitement for the future of librarianship. 1 saw that librarians and libraries would play an active role. I was in the right place.
    Content
    Enthält Beiträge von: FUGMANN, R.: Obstacles to progress in mechanized subject access and the necessity of a paradigm change; TELL, B.: On MARC and natural text searching: a review of Pauline Cochrane's inspirational thinking grafted onto a Swedish spy on library matters; KING, D.W.: Blazing new trails: in celebration of an audacious career; FIDEL, R.: The user-centered approach; SMITH, L.: Subject access in interdisciplinary research; DRABENSTOTT, K.M.: Web search strategies; LAM, V.-T.: Enhancing subject access to monographs in Online Public Access Catalogs: table of contents added to bibliographic records; JOHNSON, E.H.: Objects for distributed heterogeneous information retrieval
    Date
    22. 9.1997 19:16:05
    Footnote
    Rez. in: KO 28(2001) no.2, S.97-100 (S. Betrand-Gastaldy); Information processing and management 37(2001) no.5, S.766-767 (H. Borko); JASIST 23(2002) no.1, S.58-60 (A.T.D. Petrou); Library and information science research 23(2001) S.200-202 (D.J. Karpuk)
    Imprint
    Urbana-Champaign, IL : Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, Graduate School of Library and Information Science
  12. McIlwaine, I.C.: Brian Vickery : 11th September 1918-17 th October 2009 (2010) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The death of Brian Vickery sees a great era of classification research coming towards an end. Born in Australia, he completed his schooling in England, before going up to Brasenose to read Chemistry just before the outbreak of the Second World War. Brian was never in the services, but after Oxford he worked as a chemist in the Royal Ordnance Factory from 1941-45. After the War he became a librarian at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). He was a delegate at the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference held in 1948. One of the offshoots of that conference was the formation of a small committee of scientists under the leadership of Professor J.D. Bernal, to make a study of library classification. After two years of discussions, they elicited the assistance of Jack Wells, then editor of the British National Bibliography, and Brian. They circularized a group of colleagues and convened a meeting in February 1952 which led to the formation of the Classification Research Group. As is well known, this Group, all practising librarians, were to exert a groundbreaking influence on the organization and retrieval of information.
    Date
    22. 7.2010 19:32:06
  13. Panizzi, A.K.C.B.: Passages in my official life (1871) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 7.2007 12:05:26
    22. 7.2007 12:08:24
  14. Copeland, B.J.: Turing: pioneer of the information age (2012) 0.01 
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    Date
    14. 6.2016 13:29:14
  15. Samulowitz, H.: Henri Marie La Fontaine (2004) 0.00 
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    Content
    "Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."
    Source
    Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.4, S.196-197
  16. Bell, H.: Personalities in publishing : Hans Wellisch (1998) 0.00 
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    Source
    Journal of scholarly publishing. 29(1998) no.4, S.227-230
  17. Schön, J.: Zum Gedenken an Paul Otlet : 1868-1944 (1968) 0.00 
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    Source
    DK-Mitteilungen. 13(1968) Nr.6, S.21-22
  18. Guedj, D.: Nicholas Bourbaki, collective mathematician : an interview with Clause Chevalley (1985) 0.00 
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    Source
    Mathematical intelligencer. 7(1985), S.18-22
  19. Knorz, G.: Nachruf für Gerhard Lustig (1993) 0.00 
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    Date
    22. 1.2016 19:11:37
  20. Albrecht, C.: ¬Die Entdeckung der Weitschweifigkeit : Über das Glück, mit Markow-Ketten zu rasseln: Die Schriften Claude E. Shannons (2001) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Der Mathematiker und Elektrotechniker Claude Elwood Shannon, der am 24. Februar dieses Jahres starb (F.A.Z. vom 2. März), prägte 1948 den nachrichtentechnischen Begriff der Information. Er vermaß damit das Wahrscheinlichkeitsfeld, auf dem sich unsere elektronische Kultur auf ihrer abstraktesten Ebene abspielt. Soeben erschien ein Band ausgewählter Schriften Shannons über zum Teil skurrile mathematische Gegenstände: Kommunikations- und Nachrichtentheorie, Kryptologie, Schaltkreise, eine Vorhersage in Feuerleitsystemen, eine Schrift über eine Maschine, die in der Lage ist, ein Labyrinth durch Versuch und Irrtum zu lösen, ein Aufsatz zu einem Spiegelsystem, das es amerikanischen Autofahrern erlaubt, sich im antinapoleonischen Linksverkehr Großbritanniens zurechtzufinden. Den Abschluß bildet ein spaßiges Lied über den, Rubik-Würfel, der in den frühen achtziger Jahren bei vielen Spielern die Volkskrankheit des "Würfeldaumens" verursacht hat. Die Auswahl der Texte verdeutlicht bereits eine Philosophie, die alle Äußerungen des Lebens und des Todes auf Gesetze der Wahrscheinlichkeit und Kombinatorik zurückführt: Unterhaltende Spiele oder eine mathematische Theorie der Vererbungsgesetze Mendels (davon handelt die in diesem Band nicht enthaltene Dissertation Shannons) lassen sich spiegelbildlich übersetzen in die Mathematik kriegsentscheidender und,gegebenenfalls todbringender Techniken wie Feuerleitsysteme und Kryptologie. Zu den fundamentalen Entdeckungen Shannons gehörte es etwa, daß sich Nachrichtentechnik und Kryptographie im Begriff der Redundanz aufeinander beziehen und ineinander überführen lassen. In der Nachrichtentechnik erhält man sichere Übertragungssysteme durch Vermehrung der Redundanz, also durch Weitschweifigkeit.
    Die Redundanz technischer Übertragungssysteme schützt Nachrichten vor Verstümmelung, ohne den Informationsgehalt der übertragenen Nachrichten zu erhöhen. Ein weitschweifiger Journalist erleichtert durch Vergleiche und Metaphern das Verständnis: "Anschaulichkeit' stellt sicher, daß eine Nachricht beim Leser "ankommt'; den Informationsgehalt erhöht sie damit nicht. Die Verminderung von Weitschweifigkeit führt dagegen zur Unverständlichkeit: Nachrichtendienste verschlüsseln Nachrichten durch Verminderung von Redundanz und sichern sich so, gegen das Abhören. Ähnlich vermindern Wissenschaftler die Redundanz ihrer Arbeiten, um nicht von Laien verstanden werden zu können. Für den Uneingeweihten klingen solche Kryptogramme wie Rauschen. Redundanz ist das Maß der inneren Regelmäßigkeit einer statistischen Struktur. Nachricht minus Redundanz ist Informationsgehalt. Für den Betrag der Information hat Shannon die Maßeinheit angegeben: das bit - die "basic indissoluble information unit" (nicht zu verwechseln mit der Einheit für die Darstellung von Daten mit Hilfe binärer Zeichen, dem großgeschriebenen "Bit" unserer Computer). Den Informationsgehalt einer Nachricht zu ermitteln ähnelt dem Frage-Antwort-Spiel beim "heiteren Beruferaten": Jede Ja/Nein-Antwort entspricht einem bit Information. Der "lnformationsgehalt' eines Berufs entspricht der Anzahl nötiger Fragen, ihn zu erraten - je exotischer, "interessanter" der Beruf, desto mehr bits oder Fünfmarkstücke.
    Der entscheidende Aspekt in Shannons mathematischer Theorie der Kommunikation ist, "daß die tatsächliche Nachricht aus einem Vorrat von möglichen Nachrichten ausgewählt wurde". Ahnlich in der binären Logik des Fernsehquiz': Hier wählen die Ratenden aus einer endlichen Zahl beruflicher Lebenswelten, die gleichsam durch sogenannte "typische Handbewegungen" in diskrete Einheiten zerhackt werden. Mathematik und Unterhaltung kommen dabei in einem überein: in der Bedeutungslosigkeit. Shannons Modell abstrahiert davon, ob Nachrichten "Bedeutung" haben, also sich "auf bestimmte physikalische oder begriffliche Größen" beziehen. Ihn interessiert nur, ob und wie die Informationen im gegebenen Kanal störungsfrei übertragen werden können. Die Unterhaltungsindustrie wiederum, deren binäre Logik auf der Unterscheidung zwischen dem Interessanten und dem Langweiligen beruht, kümmert sich nicht darum, ob sich die generierte Information auf wirtschaftliche oder politische Größen bezieht. Sie interessiert nur, ob der Fernseher eingeschaltet bleibt. Entscheidend ist für Shannon der Aspekt der Auswahl etwa aus Buchstaben eines Alphabets, weil damit die Statistik zum Zug kommen kann. Damit läßt sich beispielsweise der Informationsgehalt der deutschen Schriftsprache messen. Nimmt man an, daß alle 30 Zeichen (29 Buchstaben plus Leerzeichen) gleich verteilt sind, ergibt sich ein Informationsgehalt von 4,9 bit. In Wirklichkeit ist jedoch die Wahrscheinlichkeit für die Wahl der verschiedenen Buchstaben, Silben und Wörter in einer natürlichen Sprache in jedem Stadium des Prozesses von der vorhergegangenen Auswahl abhängig. Einen solchen Prozeß bezeichnet die Wahrscheinlichkeitstheorie als Markow-Prozeß oder Markow-Kette. Berücksichtigt man also die Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilung von Buchstabenfolgen, so erhält man einen viel kleineren mittleren Informationsgehalt der deutschen Schriftsprache, nämlich 1,6 bit.
    Damit kann man ihre Redundanz errechnen: Sie ist 4,9 bit minus 1,6 bit gleich 3,3 bit. Das bedeutet, daß die Hälfte von dem, was wir schreiben, von vornherein weitschweifig ist; es wäre auch dann noch lesbar, wenn jedes zweite Zeichen fehlen würde. Fehlende Buchstaben von Wörtern zu ergänzen, ist deshalb seit dem "Großen Preis" eine beliebte Übung in QuizShows. Beim Raten der Buchstaben scheinen die Kandidaten mit ihren Markow-Ketten in den Köpfen zu rasseln, bis endlich das Wunder des Sinns aufscheint und dem Zufallsprozeß eine höhere Ordnung entsteigt. Die Kandidaten vermögen diese Glücksgefühle der Transsubstantiation von Unsinn in Sinn innerhalb eines Zeitraums hervorzurufen, der unter der durch-' schnittlichen Schwelle der Langeweile des Publikums liegt. Im Spektrum zwischen dem bedeutungsfreien Materialismus der Shannonschen Kommunikationstheorie, der Fernsehen oder automatische Waffensysteme ermöglicht, und der tatsächlich gesendeten menschenfreundlichen Idiotie liegt der Bereich der technischen und kulturellen Reproduktion der Gesellschaft. Dazwischen gibt es Effekte mehr oder weniger "bedeutsamer" Kommunikation, die mehr dem einen, dann mehr dem anderen Pol angenähert sind. Shannons Formeln nähern sich ihrem unanschaulichen Gegenstand, der Über-' tragung Von Information, den sie (abgesehen von den kurzen erläuternden Texten um die Formeln herum) redundanzfrei darstellen. Damit sind sie für normalgebildete Menschen schon unverständlich. Die Herausgeber seiner Schriften, ernste Archäologen eines digitalen Totenkults, stellen damit so etwas wie den Stein von Rosetta vor uns hin. Sie machen uns damit neugierig auf den Kommentarband, der Essays zu Leben, Werk und Bedeutung Shannons sowie andere Dokumente verspricht. Denn wir ahnen, daß die mathemat sc en Hieroglyphen der vorliegenden Textauswahl die Antwort auf die Preisfrage nach dem Wesen unserer technisch formierten Kultur enthalten. Aber erst eine mediengeschichtliche Kryptanalyse, die sie in kulturgeschichtlichen Sinn übersetzt, wird ihren Inhalt tauglich machen für "Wer wird Millionär?"
    Theme
    Information

Authors

Years

Languages

  • e 63
  • d 17
  • f 1
  • More… Less…

Types

  • a 62
  • m 16
  • s 6
  • el 1
  • More… Less…

Themes

Subjects

Classifications