-
Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005)
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- Abstract
- By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
- Content
- Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
-
Web 2.0-Pionier ortet kollektive Intelligenz im Internet : Technologieschübe kommen über mobile Endgeräte und Spracherkennung (2007)
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- Content
- "Die Vision von der künstlichen Intelligenz wird Wirklichkeit, sagt Computerbuchverleger und Web 2.0-Pionier Tim O'Reilly. Das Leben mit dem Internet sei viel weiter als manche ahnungslose Nutzer meinten. Und es gebe keinen Weg zurück. O'Reilly ist sich allerdings nicht sicher, ob der nächste große Technologie-Schub mit dem WorldWideWeb verbunden ist. " Wenn wir über unseren Umgang mit Computern reden, verbinden wir das immer noch damit, vor einem Bildschirm zu sitzen und auf einer Tastatur zu tippen. Aber Computer werden immer mehr in den Hintergrund gedrängt. Die offensichtliche Veränderung ist zunächst - was ja viele Menschen auch schon beschrieben haben-, dass auch mobile Endgeräte oder Mobiltelefone als Plattform dienen. Damit ist auch verbunden, dass Spracherkennung immer besser wird. Oder dass Fotoapparate mittlerweile mit GPS ausgestattet sind. Wenn Sie damit ein Foto machen, ist der Ort automatisch Teil des Fotos und damit Teil der Information, die Sie zum Beispiel auf eine Web-2.0-Anwendung wie flickr stellen. Und plötzlich lernt das globale Gehirn etwas, was Sie gar nicht beabsichtigt haben", betont O'Reilly. Microsoft habe eine Software vorgestellt, die Photosynth heißt. Mit ihr könnten aus aneinander gereihten Digitalfotos 3-D Modelle entworfen werden. Man müsse die Fotos nur mit "Tags" versehen, also markieren, und jemand anderes nutzt das und führt alles zu einem 3-D Modell zusammen. "Wir bewegen uns also in Richtung künstlicher Intelligenz. Allerdings ist immer noch ein Mensch dahinter, der dem Programm sagt, was es tun soll. Aber das Beispiel zeigt, was mit der Nutzung kollektiver Intelligenz gemeint ist. Wir geben immer mehr Daten in das globale Netzwerk ein, und Menschen schreiben Programme, die neue Verbindungen erstellen. Es ist, als würden die Synapsen des kollektiven Gehirns wachsen. Ich glaube, wir dürfen Überraschungen erwarten", meint O'Reilly.
Die Informationen aus dem Internet werden nach seiner Erkenntnis auf viele verschiedene Arten zugänglich sein. "Wir denken immer, es gibt Milliarden Computer da draußen - aber das stimmt nicht. Es gibt eigentlich nur einen, und darum geht es im Web 2.0. Alles wird mit allem verbunden. Und was wir heute unter einem Computer verstehen ist eigentlich nur ein Zugangsgerät zu dem einen weltweiten elektronischen Gehirn, das wir erschaffen", sagt O'Reilly. Webexperten halten die Visionen von O'Reilly für realistisch: "So wird die Spracherkennung eine Schlüsseltechnologie sein für den Zugriff auf das vernetzte Weltwissen. Wie häufig hätten wir gerne im Alltag genaue Informationen zu Sportergebnissen, Telefonnummern oder Adressen. Unendlich viele Dinge, die wir, wenn wir gerade im Internet wären sofort 'er-googlen' würden. Da das aber in der Freizeit und von unterwegs selten der Fall ist und der Zugriff über das Handy mit Tastatur oder Touch-screen zu mühselig ist, verzichten wir meistens darauf unseren Wissenshunger sofort zu stillen. Anders wäre es, wenn wir mit einfachen gesprochenen Suchbefehlen unsere Anfrage starten und die Suche dann bei Bedarf eingrenzen könnten, genauso, wie wir es derzeitig mit der PC-Tastatur und der Maus tun und das ganze jederzeit und von jedem Ort aus", kommentiert Lupo Pape, Geschäftsführer von SemanticEdge, die Analysen des Web-2.0-Vordenkers.
- Date
- 29. 1.1997 18:49:05
- Source
- Wechselwirkung. 29(2007) Nr.141, S.11-12
-
Linked data and user interaction : the road ahead (2015)
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- RSWK
- Bibliothek / Linked Data / Benutzer / Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Recherche / Suchverfahren / Aufsatzsammlung
- Subject
- Bibliothek / Linked Data / Benutzer / Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Recherche / Suchverfahren / Aufsatzsammlung
-
Semantic Web : Wege zur vernetzten Wissensgesellschaft (2006)
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- Abstract
- Semantic Web ist Vision, Konzept und Programm für die nächste Generation des Internets. Semantik ist dabei ein wesentliches Element in der Transformation von Information in Wissen, sei es um eine effizientere Maschine-Maschine-Kommunikation zu ermöglichen oder um Geschäftsprozess-Management, Wissensmanagement und innerbetriebliche Kooperation durch Modellierung zu verbessern. Der Band richtet sich gleichermaßen an ein praxisorientiertes und wissenschaftliches Publikum, das nicht nur aus der technischen Perspektive einen Zugang zum Thema sucht. Der praktische Nutzen wird in der Fülle von Anwendungsbeispielen offensichtlich, in denen semantische Technologien zum Einsatz kommen. Praxisorientierung ist auch das Leitthema der Semantic Web School, die sich zum Ziel gesetzt hat, den Wissenstransfer zu semantischen Technologien anzukurbeln und den interdisziplinären Diskurs über deren Nutzen und Folgen zu intensivieren. Der vorliegende Band vereinigt 33 Beiträge von 57 Autoren aus 35 Institutionen zu einem virulenten und multidisziplinären Thema. Der Band richtet sich gleichermaßen an interessierte Laien und fachfremde Experten, die nicht nur aus der technischen Perspektive einen Zugang zum Thema suchen. Denn obwohl das Thema Semantic Web zu überwiegendem Maße ein technisches ist, sollen hier bewusst jene Aspekte angesprochen werden. die außerhalb einer ingenieurswissenschaftlichen Perspektive von Relevanz sind und vor allem die praktischen Aspekte semantischer Technologien adressieren. Dieser Anforderung wird durch die vielen Praxisbezüge und Anwendungsbeispiele innerhalb der einzelnen Beiträge Rechnung getragen. Hierbei ist es den Herausgebern jedoch wichtig darauf hinzuweisen, das Semantic Web und semantische Technologien nicht als verheißungsvolles Allheilmittel der durch Informationstechnologien heraufbeschworenen Probleme und Herausforderungen zu betrachten. Ganz im Gegenteil plädieren die Herausgeber für eine verstärkte Auseinandersetzung mit dem Thema unter Einbeziehung einer großen Vielfalt an Experten aus den unterschiedlichsten Fachbereichen, die einen reflektierten und kritischen Beitrag zu den positiven und negativen Effekten semantischer Technologien beitragen sollen.
-
Heflin, J.; Hendler, J.: Semantic interoperability on the Web (2000)
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- Abstract
- XML will have a profound impact on the way data is exchanged on the Internet. An important feature of this language is the separation of content from presentation, which makes it easier to select and/or reformat the data. However, due to the likelihood of numerous industry and domain specific DTDs, those who wish to integrate information will still be faced with the problem of semantic interoperability. In this paper we discuss why this problem is not solved by XML, and then discuss why the Resource Description Framework is only a partial solution. We then present the SHOE language, which we feel has many of the features necessary to enable a semantic web, and describe an existing set of tools that make it easy to use the language.
- Date
- 11. 5.2013 19:22:18
-
Malmsten, M.: Making a library catalogue part of the Semantic Web (2008)
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- Date
- 20. 2.2009 10:29:39
- Source
- Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
-
Hollink, L.; Assem, M. van: Estimating the relevance of search results in the Culture-Web : a study of semantic distance measures (2010)
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- Date
- 29. 7.2011 14:44:56
26.12.2011 13:40:22
-
Hooland, S. van; Verborgh, R.; Wilde, M. De; Hercher, J.; Mannens, E.; Wa, R.Van de: Evaluating the success of vocabulary reconciliation for cultural heritage collections (2013)
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- Date
- 22. 3.2013 19:29:20
-
Waltinger, U.; Mehler, A.; Lösch, M.; Horstmann, W.: Hierarchical classification of OAI metadata using the DDC taxonomy (2011)
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- Abstract
- In the area of digital library services, the access to subject-specific metadata of scholarly publications is of utmost interest. One of the most prevalent approaches for metadata exchange is the XML-based Open Archive Initiative (OAI) Protocol for Metadata Harvesting (OAI-PMH). However, due to its loose requirements regarding metadata content there is no strict standard for consistent subject indexing specified, which is furthermore needed in the digital library domain. This contribution addresses the problem of automatic enhancement of OAI metadata by means of the most widely used universal classification schemes in libraries-the Dewey Decimal Classification (DDC). To be more specific, we automatically classify scientific documents according to the DDC taxonomy within three levels using a machine learning-based classifier that relies solely on OAI metadata records as the document representation. The results show an asymmetric distribution of documents across the hierarchical structure of the DDC taxonomy and issues of data sparseness. However, the performance of the classifier shows promising results on all three levels of the DDC.
- Pages
- S.29-40
-
Metadata and semantics research : 7th Research Conference, MTSR 2013 Thessaloniki, Greece, November 19-22, 2013. Proceedings (2013)
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- Abstract
- All the papers underwent a thorough and rigorous peer-review process. The review and selection this year was highly competitive and only papers containing significant research results, innovative methods, or novel and best practices were accepted for publication. Only 29 of 89 submissions were accepted as full papers, representing 32.5% of the total number of submissions. Additional contributions covering noteworthy and important results in special tracks or project reports were accepted, totaling 42 accepted contributions. This year's conference included two outstanding keynote speakers. Dr. Stefan Gradmann, a professor arts department of KU Leuven (Belgium) and director of university library, addressed semantic research drawing from his work with Europeana. The title of his presentation was, "Towards a Semantic Research Library: Digital Humanities Research, Europeana and the Linked Data Paradigm". Dr. Michail Salampasis, associate professor from our conference host institution, the Department of Informatics of the Alexander TEI of Thessaloniki, presented new potential, intersecting search and linked data. The title of his talk was, "Rethinking the Search Experience: What Could Professional Search Systems Do Better?"
- Date
- 17.12.2013 12:51:22
-
Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Challenges and opportunities for KOS standards (2007)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:41:14
-
Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005)
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- Classification
- 006.7 22
- Date
- 7. 3.2007 19:30:22
- DDC
- 006.7 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
-
Broughton, V.: Automatic metadata generation : Digital resource description without human intervention (2007)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:41:14
-
Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007)
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- Date
- 22. 9.2007 15:41:14
-
Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: ¬The Semantic Web : a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities (2001)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
-
Papadakis, I. et al.: Highlighting timely information in libraries through social and semantic Web technologies (2016)
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- Source
- Metadata and semantics research: 10th International Conference, MTSR 2016, Göttingen, Germany, November 22-25, 2016, Proceedings. Eds.: E. Garoufallou
-
Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: Mein Computer versteht mich (2001)
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- Date
- 31.12.1996 19:29:41
-
Tennis, J.T.: Scheme versioning in the Semantic Web (2006)
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- Date
- 23.12.2007 10:14:29
-
Stamou, G.; Chortaras, A.: Ontological query answering over semantic data (2017)
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- Pages
- S.29-63
-
Siwecka, D.: Knowledge organization systems used in European national libraries towards interoperability of the semantic Web (2018)
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- Date
- 18. 1.2019 18:46:29
