Search (9 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.

LCSH

Philosophy of mind
Mind and body

RSWK

Philosophy of Mind
Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem

Series

Philosophy of mind series

Subject

Philosophy of Mind
Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
Philosophy of mind
Mind and body

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Abstract

DAS STANDARDWERK in der Philosophie des Geistes seit 10 Jahren - jetzt in 5. Auflage mit einer um mehr als 60 Seiten erweiterten Bibliographie, die Publikationen zur Philosophie des Geistes und angrenzender Disziplinen von 1970-2004 erfaßt (über 2700 Titel). Kann man sich vorstellen, dass so etwas wie bewusstes Erleben auf der Grundlage physikalischer Vorgänge entstehen konnte? Sind subjektives Empfinden und das Entstehen einer Innenperspektive überhaupt als Bestandteil der natürlichen Ordnung der Dinge denkbar - oder werden wir an dieser Stelle mit einem letztlich unauflöslichen Mysterium konfrontiert, mit einem weissen Fleck auf der Landkarte des wissenschaftlichen Weltbildes, der vielleicht aus prinzipiellen Gründen immer ein weisser Fleck bleiben muss? Das Problem des Bewusstseins bildet heute - vielleicht zusammen mit der Frage nach der Entstehung unseres Universums - die äusserste Grenze des menschlichen Strebens nach Erkenntnis. Es erscheint deshalb vielen als das letzte grosse Rätsel überhaupt und als die grösste theoretische Herausforderung der Gegenwart. Mit Beiträgen von: Ansgar Beckermann, Peter Bieri, Dieter Birnbacher, Ned Block, Tyler Burge, David J. Chalmers, Patricia S. Churchland, Daniel C. Dennett, Owen Flanagan, Rick Grush, Güven Güzeldere, Robert Kirk, Martin Kurthen, Joseph Levine, William G. Lycan, Colin McGinn, Thomas Metzinger, Norton Nelkin, Martine Nida-Rümelin, David Papineau, Diana Raffman, Georges Rey, David M. Rosenthal, Eva Ruhnau, Michael Tye, Robert Van Gulick, Kathy Wilkes. Siehe auch: "Conscious Experience", gekürzte englischsprachige Version des Buches "Bewußtsein".

Content

Kommentare: Metzingers blauer Sammelband [...] bietet den zur Zeit vielseitigsten und aktuellsten deutschsprachigen Einstieg in die Thematik. Obwohl als Studienwerkzeug konzipiert, kann der Band auch das Interesse weiterer Kreise gewinnen. M. Lenzen, Frankfurter Rundschau. In den letzten Jahren hat es keine Veröffentlichung gegeben, die so kenntnisreich und informativ in die Gegenwartsdiskussion um das Bewusstsein einführte. H. Breuer, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Dieser monumentale Band ist nicht nur ein weiterer Sammelband auf dem wachsenden Markt von Büchern über Bewusstseinsforschung, sondern eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme der philosophischen Problemstellungen, die mit der gegenwärtigen Kognitions- und Bewusstseinsforschung verbunden sind, herausgegeben von einem der führenden Vertreter dieser Bemühungen [...]; ein hervorragendes Buch, spannend zu lesen, wohl fundiert, ohne falsche Versprechungen, das »Rätsel des Bewusstseins« bald (oder jemals?) zufriedenstellend klären zu können. M. von Brück in Dialog der Religionen. Alles in allem: Dieses Werk gehört zu einem der wichtigsten Bücher der letzten Jahre zum Thema des menschlichen Bewusstseins. Mind Management. Wer heute zur Frage des Bewusstseins etwas sagen will und dies nicht nur aus neurologischer Sicht, wird an diesem Buch nicht vorbeigehen können. A. Resch, Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft. Der Band stellt in einer bislang kaum dagewesenen Konzentration die führenden Autoren auf diesem Gebiet vor. Diese äusserst hochkarätige Textsammlung sollte nicht nur in der aktuellen Philosophie des Geistes, sondern auch in der empirischen Forschung grosse Wirkung entfalten. R. Schatta in Bundeswehr-Verwaltung. Der Leser wird, begleitet durch eine überaus sachkundige allgemeine und mehrere auf die neun Teile des Buches bezogene spezielle Einführungen des Herausgebers, durch die Diskussionslandschaft geführt. Er wird mit den begrifflichen Grundlagen der Diskussion vertraut gemacht und auf die Gratwanderung zwischen physischen und phänomenalen Wirklichkeiten geschickt. A. Ziemke, Psychologie Heute

RSWK

Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein

Subject

Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein

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Abstract

An account of the emergence of the mind: how the brain acquired self-awareness, functional autonomy, the ability to think, and the power of speech. How did the human mind emerge from the collection of neurons that makes up the brain? How did the brain acquire self-awareness, functional autonomy, language, and the ability to think, to understand itself and the world? In this volume in the Essential Knowledge series, Zoltan Torey offers an accessible and concise description of the evolutionary breakthrough that created the human mind.
Drawing on insights from evolutionary biology, neuroscience, and linguistics, Torey reconstructs the sequence of events by which Homo erectus became Homo sapiens. He describes the augmented functioning that underpins the emergent mind-a new ("off-line") internal response system with which the brain accesses itself and then forms a selection mechanism for mentally generated behavior options. This functional breakthrough, Torey argues, explains how the animal brain's "awareness" became self-accessible and reflective-that is, how the human brain acquired a conscious mind. Consciousness, unlike animal awareness, is not a unitary phenomenon but a composite process. Torey's account shows how protolanguage evolved into language, how a brain subsystem for the emergent mind was built, and why these developments are opaque to introspection. We experience the brain's functional autonomy, he argues, as free will. Torey proposes that once life began, consciousness had to emerge-because consciousness is the informational source of the brain's behavioral response. Consciousness, he argues, is not a newly acquired "quality," "cosmic principle," "circuitry arrangement," or "epiphenomenon," as others have argued, but an indispensable working component of the living system's manner of functioning.

Content

Inhalt: Background to the brain: the identity of consciousnessNeoteny: the breaking of the hominid impasse -- Nuts and bolts to build a language -- Cognitive bootstrapping: the epigenesis of language -- A device to move mountains: dual output, single focus -- Language: the Trojan horse of negative entropy -- What is this thing called mind? -- The alchemy of self-deception: introspection at work -- Functional autonomy: the triumph of evolutionary bootstrapping -- About the self: fiction and fact -- Unfinished business: skeletons in the cupboard -- At the edge of comprehension.

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LCSH

Philosophy

Subject

Philosophy

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LCSH

Autonomy (Philosophy)

Subject

Autonomy (Philosophy)

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Abstract

The Oxford Handbook of 4E Cognition provides a systematic overview of the state of the art in the field of 4E cognition: it includes chapters on hotly debated topics, for example, on the nature of cognition and the relation between cognition, perception and action; it discusses recent trends such as Bayesian inference and predictive coding; it presents new insights and findings regarding social understanding including the development of false belief understanding, and introduces new theoretical paradigms for understanding emotions and conceptualizing the interaction between cognition, language and culture. Each thematic section ends with a critical note to foster the fruitful discussion. In addition the final section of the book is dedicated to applications of 4E cognition approaches in disciplines such as psychiatry and robotics. This is a book with high relevance for philosophers, psychologists, psychiatrists, neuroscientists and anyone with an interest in the study of cognition as well as a wider audience with an interest in 4E cognition approaches.

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Date

22. 1.2018 17:33:05

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Abstract

Im Frühjahr 2000 begann Susan Blackmore, Material für ein Radiofeature zum Thema Bewußtsein zu sammeln. Die Sendung kam nie zustande, aber die Idee, sich einem der großen Rätsel der menschlichen Existenz in Gesprächen zu nähern, ließ sie nicht mehr los. So entstanden zwanzig Interviews mit Philosophen und Naturwissenschaftlern, der Crème de la Crème der internationalen Bewußtseinsforschung, die hier Rede und Antwort steht. David Chalmers zum Beispiel, der erklärt, warum das Bewußtsein ein solch schwieriges Problem ist, oder Susan Greenfield, der zufolge man schon bei Sophokles und Euripides Interessantes über Willensfreiheit lernen kann. Francisco Varela spricht über Zombies, Roger Penrose über John Searle, John Searle über Immanuel Kant. Wir erfahren von Vilayanur Ramachandran, warum er nicht meditiert, und von Thomas Metzinger, inwiefern das bewußte Selbst eine Illusion ist. Und im letzten Interview vor seinem Tod rekapituliert Francis Crick seinen Weg von der Genetik zur Bewußtseinsforschung. Es geht um den Geist und um die Gene, um das Gehirn und die Gefühle, aber auch um Quantenprozesse und Träume, Descartes und Shiva, Kabbala und Drogenpolitik - und nicht zuletzt um Forscherkarrieren und Lebensträume.

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Footnote

Original u.d.T.: Apprentices of wonder