Search (11 results, page 1 of 1)

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Abstract

Von der Liaison zwischen Ich und Gehirn Zwei herausragende Gelehrte des Jahrhunderts - der Philosoph Karl R. Popper und der Hirnforscher und Nobelpreisträger John C. Eccles - haben sich in diesem einmaligen Dokument kreativer Zusammenarbeit mit dem Leib-Seele-Problem beschäftigt. Sie sind damit einer zentralen Frage des menschlichen Daseins auf den Grund gegangen.

LCSH

Mind and body

RSWK

Gehirn / Seele
Leib-Seele-Problem
Leib-Seele-Problem / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Hirnverletzung / Materialismus / Leib-Seele-Problem (GBV)

Subject

Gehirn / Seele
Leib-Seele-Problem
Leib-Seele-Problem / Hirnforschung
Gehirn / Hirnverletzung / Materialismus / Leib-Seele-Problem (GBV)
Mind and body

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Abstract

In the past fifty years scientists have begun to discover how the human brain functions. In this book Wilder Penfield, whose work has been at the forefront of such research, describes the current state of knowledge about the brain and asks to what extent recent findings explain the action of the mind. He offers the general reader a glimpse of exciting discoveries usually accessible to only a few scientists. He writes: "Throughout my own scientific career I, like other scientists, have struggled to prove that the brain accounts for the mind. But perhaps the time has come when we may profitably consider the evidence as it stands, and ask the question . . . Can the mind be explained by what is now known about the brain?" The central question, he points out, is whether man's being is determined by his body alone or by mind and body as separate elements. Before suggesting an answer, he gives a fascinating account of his experience as a neurosurgeon and scientist observing the brain in conscious patients.

Content

Inhalt: 1. Sherringtonian Alternatives-Two Fundamental Elements or Only One? 2. To Consciousness the Brain Is Messenger 3. Neuronal Action within the Brain 4. Sensory and Voluntary-Motor Organization 5. The Indispensable Substratum of Consciousness 6. The Stream of Consciousness Electrically Reactivated 7. Physiological Interpretation of an Epileptic Seizure 8. An Early Conception of Memory Mechanisms - And a Late Conclusion 9. The Interpretive Cortex 10. An Automatic Sensory-Motor Mechanism 11. Centrencephalic Integration and Coordination 12. The Highest Brain-Mechanism 13. The Stream of Consciousness 14. Introspection by Patient and Surgeon 15. Doubling of Awareness 16. Brain as Computer, Mind as Programmer 17. What the Automatic Mechanism Can Do 18. Recapitulation 19. Relationship of Mind to Brain-A Case Example 20. Man's Being-A Choice Between Two Explanations 21. ComprehensibilityReflections.

LCSH

Mind / Body Relations (Metaphysics)

Subject

Mind / Body Relations (Metaphysics)

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Abstract

Baustelle Gehirn.Warum logisches Denken eher Glückssache ist. Die Evolution hatte ein Problem, als sie das archaische Gehirn unserer Vorfahren umzubauen begann: Es musste in Betrieb bleiben, während der Mensch entstand, und deshalb konnte sie es nicht einfach abreißen wie eine Ruine. Also pfropfte sie die neuen Bauteile irgendwie mehr oder weniger passend auf die alten. Dabei ist Murks entstanden, ein Flickwerk aus alten und neuen Strukturen, die sich andauernd in die Quere kommen. Zum Beispiel bei ökonomischen Entscheidungen, denn die Programme fu¨r den vermeintlich rationalen Umgang mit Tauschwerten (heute vor allem Geld) sind direkt mit den Instinkten der Nahrungsbeschaffung verknu¨pft. Kann man etwas gegen neuronale Kurzschlu¨sse tun? Ja. Zum Beispiel kein vages Ziel setzen (»Ich will sechs Pfund abnehmen«), sondern konkrete Wenn-dann-Pläne entwickeln (»Wenn ich Pommes frites sehe, werde ich sie nicht essen«). Warum das besser ist? Weil das Stammhirn, das nach den Fritten lechzt, auch gut mit Wenn-dann-Plänen umgehen kann.

Content

Inhalt: Relikte der Geschichte - Gedächtnis - Glauben - Entscheiden - Sprache - Lust - Wenn das System aus den Fugen gerät - Wahre Weisheit Einheitssacht.: Kluge: the haphazard construction of the human mind

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Footnote

Titel des Original: Mind over machine

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Abstract

Cognitive load theory (CLT) is one of the most important theories in educational psychology, a highly effective guide for the design of multimedia and other learning materials. This edited volume brings together the most prolific researchers from around the world who study various aspects of cognitive load to discuss its current theoretical as well as practical issues. The book is divided into three parts. The first part describes the theoretical foundations and assumptions of CLT, the second discusses the empirical findings about the application of CLT to the design of learning environments, and the third part concludes the book with discussions and suggestions for new directions for future research. It aims to become the standard handbook in CLT for researchers and graduate students in psychology, education, and educational technology.

Content

Cognitive load theory : historical development and relation to other theories -- Cognitive load theory : recent theoretical advances -- Schema acquisition and courses of cognitive load -- Individual differences and cognitive load theory -- Learning from worked-out examples and problem solving -- Instructional control of cognitive load in the design of complex learning environments -- Techniques that reduce extraneous cognitive load and manage intrinsic cognitive load during multimedia learning -- Techniques that increase generative processing in multimedia learning : open questions for cognitive load research -- Measuring cognitive load -- From neo-behaviorism to neuroscience : perspectives on the origins and future contributions of cognitive load research -- Cognitive load in learning with multiple representations -- Current issues and open questions in cognitive load research

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Abstract

Zielgerichtetes Handeln setzt Wissen über die Situation, in der man handeln will, voraus - diese Feststellung ist so seIbstverständlich, daB sie fast trivial er scheint. Die kognitionspsychologische Analyse der Rolle, die Wissen bei der Einleitung und Regulation von Handlungsprozessen spielt, ist allerdings weit weniger trivial. Nicht nur, daB man "Wssen" so schlecht beobachten kann, Wissen und Handeln sind auch voneinander abhängig. Handeln basiert auf Wissen, Handeln verandert aber auch Wissen. Dies gilt insbesondere für Handlungsprozesse in komplizierten, unübersichtlichen und schlecht struktu rierten Situationen, in denen man Iangst nicht alles weill, was man fur eine optimale Handlungsplanung eigentlich wissen mUBte. In solchen Situationen wird Wissenserwerb wichtig: Wie kann ich mir das Wissen verschaffen, das mir zur Erreichung meiner Handlungsziele fehlt? Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Untersuchung solcher Wissenserwerbsprozesse beim Umgang mit komplexen, dynamischen Problemstellungen. Dabei werden besonders jene Formen des Wissenserwerbs in den Vordergrund der Betrachtung gerückt, die auf der aktiven Auseinandersetzung mit dem in Frage stehenden Problem beruhen. Es geht also weniger um solche Formen des Wissenserwerbs, die aus der reflexiven Analyse, der gedanklichen Durchdringung von Handbüchern, Instruktionen oder sonstigem sprachlichen Material entstehen. Dem liegt die Annabme zugrunde, dass Wissenserwerb beim Handeln, Wissenserwerb durch das Handeln, eine sehr häufige, für den Menschen typische Form des Lemens ist. Obwohl natürlich die Psychologie des Lemens eine lange Tradition hat, zählt das Studium von Wissenserwerb beim Umgang mit komplexen Problemen erstaunllcherweise erst seit kürzerer Zeit zu den anerkannten Forschungsthemen der kognitiv orientierten Psychologie.

LCSH

Learning, Psychology of
Problem solving

Subject

Learning, Psychology of
Problem solving

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Abstract

Over the last 25 years, cognitive load theory has become one of the world's leading theories of instructional design. It is heavily researched by many educational and psychological researchers and is familiar to most practicing instructional designers, especially designers using computer and related technologies. The theory can be divided into two aspects that closely inter-relate and influence each other: human cognitive architecture and the instructional designs and prescriptions that flow from that architecture. The cognitive architecture is based on biological evolution. The resulting description of human cognitive architecture is novel and accordingly, the instructional designs that flow from the architecture also are novel. All instructional procedures are routinely tested using randomized, controlled experiments. Roughly 1/3 of the book will be devoted to cognitive architecture and its evolutionary base with 2/3 devoted to the instructional implications that follow, including technology-based instruction. Researchers, teachers and instructional designers need the book because of the explosion of interest in cognitive load theory over the last few years. The theory is represented in countless journal articles but a detailed, modern overview presenting the theory and its implications in one location is not available.

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Date

22. 3.2008 14:53:43

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Abstract

Das menschliche Bewusstsein ist eines der letzten großen Rätsel der Wissenschaft. Erstaunliche neue Erkenntnisse der Neurowissenschaften haben die Debatten um dieses Phänomen angefacht, und inzwischen arbeiten Biologen, Neurowissenschaftler, Psychologen und Philosophen daran, das Geheimnis hinter dieser sehr menschlichen Eigenschaft zu ergründen. Diese Einführung erklärt knapp und präzise die komplexen Fragestellungen und Theorien. Anhand eindrücklicher Experimente und mithilfe von Illustrationen und Cartoons gelingt es der Autorin, die an der University of the West of England lehrt und forscht, so komplexe Themen wie Aufmerksamkeit, Theorien des Selbst, veränderte Bewusstseinszustände und Effekte von Drogen oder Hirnschäden auf das Bewusstsein anschaulich darzustellen.

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Content

Vgl. auch die Standpunkte in: Collins, H.M.: A review of Hubert Dreyfus' What computers still can't do in: Artificial intelligence 80(1996) no.1, S.99-191.

Footnote

HST und ZST werden in verschiedenen Katalogen auch in vertauschter Reihenfolge angegeben (vgl. die Gestaltung des Covers und Titelblatts). Titel des Original: What computer can't do: the limits of artificial intelligence.

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Footnote

Original u.d.T.: Apprentices of wonder