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  • × theme_ss:"Information"
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  1. Burke, M.A.: Meaning, multimedia and the Internet : subject retrieval challenges and solutions (1997) 0.05
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    Abstract
    Starts from the premise that meaning is not an intrinsic property of information items. Approaches to 'meaning' in diverse humanities disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and the history of arts and music, are drawn on to enhance the understanding of meaning in the context of multimedia information retrieval on the Internet. The approaches described include philosophy of language and meaning, psychology of language including repertory grids and semantic differential, iconography and levels of meaning, and representation of music. A consistent theme in all these disciplines is the recognition that meaning is context dependent and may be analyzed at a variety of different levels, with nomenclature and number of levels varying across disciplines. Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of searching and retrieval on the Internet with particular emphasis on subject content and meaning. It shows the limitations of searching using the most basic level of meaning, while attempting to cater for a wide diversity of information resources and users. Recommends enhanced retrieval interfaces linked to the needs of specific user groups and the characteristics of specific media on the Internet
    Source
    Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
  2. Eiriksson, J.M.; Retsloff, J.M.: Librarians in the 'information age' : promoter of change or provider of stability? (2005) 0.02
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    Abstract
    When we were all facing the turn of the century and the somewhat larger turn of the millennium, we left behind epochs of colonialism, imperialism, capitalism, nazism and racialism. Not that the ideologies mentioned does no longer exist, but their impact as grand narratives has gone and they now exist as fragmented discursive parts of their former, illusive hegemony. Parts that have been thrown into the pits of post modern complexity. The 21st century holds no answers, no new meaning, at most it provides human communication a certain self reflectivity due to the increasing egocentrism and individuality of people (i.e. still mostly western people). Another symptom of the loss of grand narratives is a feeling of loss of meaning in everyday life, as well as the state of democracies around the world. Democracy shivers in its void between anarchy and repressive dictatorship. The description 'information age' provides the times we are in with a useful sticker. It tents both back in time e.g. the late 20, century digitalisation and forward in time by givingr origin to the contemporary discourse of social semantics i.e. Dream society, Knowledge society, Post modern society, Risk society, Hypercomplex society etc. The phrase 'information age' implied the introduction of a paradigm shift, and now it is still here showing that paradigms do not shift, they slide. This paper outlines a manifest for librarians and librarianship of the information age. The information age puts the spotlight on the librarian, both regarding classical tasks such as classification and cataloguing as well as new tasks such as systems analysis and design or database searching.
    Complexity establishes a paradox between the tasks of preserving old knowledge (memory function) and facilitate cognitive dissonance in order to challenge established knowledge claims and create new knowledge (catalyser function). Through complexity all social systems organisations, discourse communities, ideologies) face an environment (or surrounding) that is characterised through its instability and contingency. What is real, or presumable real from one point of view can appear completely different from another point of view. Different discourses of meaning and significance float, blend and separates themselves form each other the arena of communication. The library has to both keep record of what has happened, as well as take part in the ongoing battles for new discursive hegemonies. The unity of the paradox of memory and catalysing is described as managing complexity and requires a conscious and constant oscillation between order and chaos, stability and change. The role of the librarian is defined through an analysis of contemporary social semantics as well as the technical, ethical, cultural and epistemological challenges facing us as librarians and information specialists.
    Date
    22. 7.2009 11:23:22
    Source
    Librarianship in the information age: Proceedings of the 13th BOBCATSSS Symposium, 31 January - 2 February 2005 in Budapest, Hungary. Eds.: Marte Langeland u.a
  3. Rieh, S.Y.: Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the Web (2002) 0.01
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    Abstract
    In the Web, making judgments of information quality and authority is a difficult task for most users because overall, there is no quality control mechanism. This study examines the problem of the judgment of information quality and cognitive authority by observing people's searching behavior in the Web. Its purpose is to understand the various factors that influence people's judgment of quality and authority in the Web, and the effects of those judgments on selection behaviors. Fifteen scholars from diverse disciplines participated, and data were collected combining verbal protocols during the searches, search logs, and postsearch interviews. It was found that the subjects made two distinct kinds of judgment: predictive judgment, and evaluative judgment. The factors influencing each judgment of quality and authority were identified in terms of characteristics of information objects, characteristics of sources, knowledge, situation, ranking in search output, and general assumption. Implications for Web design that will effectively support people's judgments of quality and authority are also discussed
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.2, S.145-161
  4. Kelton, K.; Fleischmann, K.R.; Wallace, W.A.: Trust in digital information (2008) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Trust in information is developing into a vitally important topic as the Internet becomes increasingly ubiquitous within society. Although many discussions of trust in this environment focus on issues like security, technical reliability, or e-commerce, few address the problem of trust in the information obtained from the Internet. The authors assert that there is a strong need for theoretical and empirical research on trust within the field of information science. As an initial step, the present study develops a model of trust in digital information by integrating the research on trust from the behavioral and social sciences with the research on information quality and human- computer interaction. The model positions trust as a key mediating variable between information quality and information usage, with important consequences for both the producers and consumers of digital information. The authors close by outlining important directions for future research on trust in information science and technology.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 59(2008) no.3, S.363-374
  5. Kaeser, E.: ¬Das postfaktische Zeitalter (2016) 0.01
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    Content
    "Es gibt Daten, Informationen und Fakten. Wenn man mir eine Zahlenreihe vorsetzt, dann handelt es sich um Daten: unterscheidbare Einheiten, im Fachjargon: Items. Wenn man mir sagt, dass diese Items stündliche Temperaturangaben der Aare im Berner Marzilibad bedeuten, dann verfüge ich über Information - über interpretierte Daten. Wenn man mir sagt, dies seien die gemessenen Aaretemperaturen am 22. August 2016 im Marzili, dann ist das ein Faktum: empirisch geprüfte interpretierte Daten. Dieser Dreischritt - Unterscheiden, Interpretieren, Prüfen - bildet quasi das Bindemittel des Faktischen, «the matter of fact». Wir alle führen den Dreischritt ständig aus und gelangen so zu einem relativ verlässlichen Wissen und Urteilsvermögen betreffend die Dinge des Alltags. Aber wie schon die Kurzcharakterisierung durchblicken lässt, bilden Fakten nicht den Felsengrund der Realität. Sie sind kritikanfällig, sowohl von der Interpretation wie auch von der Prüfung her gesehen. Um bei unserem Beispiel zu bleiben: Es kann durchaus sein, dass man uns zwei unterschiedliche «faktische» Temperaturverläufe der Aare am 22. August 2016 vorsetzt.
  6. Mainzer, K.: Computernetze und virtuelle Realität : Leben in der Wissensgesellschaft (1999) 0.01
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    Date
    17. 7.2002 19:22:51
  7. Court, J.; Lovis, G.; Fassbind-Eigenheer, R.: De la tradition orale aux reseaux de communication : la tradition orale (1998) 0.01
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    Abstract
    Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: workshop on stories in libraries (history of the tradition in French libraries and criteria for selecting material); oral and written traditions (presentation on continuing existence of various schools of interpretation e.g. mythological, anthropological, in relation to the importance of individual contact); and listening - reading - writing (presentation on links between these 3 forms of communication in the context of the challenge for libraries in the field of children's education)
  8. Wathen, C.N.; Burkell, J.: Believe it or not : factors influencing credibility on the Web (2002) 0.01
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    Abstract
    This article reviews selected literature related to the credibility of information, including (1) the general markers of credibility, and how different source, message and receiver characteristics affect people's perceptions of information; (2) the impact of information medium on the assessment of credibility; and (3) the assessment of credibility in the context of information presented on the Internet. The objective of the literature review is to synthesize the current state of knowledge in this area, develop new ways to think about how people interact with information presented via the Internet, and suggest next steps for research and practical applications. The review examines empirical evidence, key reviews, and descriptive material related to credibility in general, and in terms of on-line media. A general discussion of credibility and persuasion and a description of recent work on the credibility and persuasiveness of computer-based applications is presented. Finally, the article synthesizes what we have learned from various fields, and proposes a model as a framework for much-needed future research in this area
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 53(2002) no.2, S.134-144
  9. Pinault-Soerensen, M.; Johannot, Y.; Corsini, S.: De la tradition orale aux reseaux de communication : la tradition écrite (1998) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Summarises of a selection of the presentations and workshops under one of the main themes at the Association of Swiss Libraries and Librarians congress held in Yverdon, Sept 1998. Sessions covered comprise: the evolution of Diderot's Encyclopedia (presentation of the confluence of oral and written traditions, in relation to the network of informal contacts underpinning this 18th century work); influence of the written work on our cultural tradition in relation to access to new means of communication (presentation on the respective roles of ideogrammatic and phonomatic representation, and the role of the book as bridge to other media); typographical ornamentation on the Internet (workshop on identifying the provenance of printed material and the Passe-Partout ornament bank, which uses new technology to create a metacatalogue); and publishing memory (workshop on a Swiss foundation seeking to promote, preserve and disseminate contemporary publishing
  10. Wissenschaftler fordern 'Open Access' : Berliner Erklärung (2003) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am 22. Oktober die folgende »Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen« (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz in Berlin. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.
  11. Savolainen, R.: Judging the quality and credibility of information in Internet discussion forums (2011) 0.00
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    Abstract
    This exploratory study contributes to research on relevance assessment by specifying criteria that are used in the judgment of information quality and credibility in Internet discussion forums. To this end, 4,739 messages posted to 160 Finnish discussion threads were analyzed. Of the messages, 20.5% contained explicit judgments of the quality of information and credibility in other messages. In the judgments, the forum participants employed both positive criteria such as validity of information and negative criteria such as dishonesty in argumentation. In the evaluation of the quality of the message's information content, the most frequently used criteria pertained to the usefulness, correctness, and specificity of information. In the judgment of information credibility, the main criteria included the reputation, expertise, and honesty of the author of the message. Since Internet discussion forums tend to emphasize the role of disputational discourse questioning rather than accepting the views presented by others, mainly negative criteria were used in the judgments. The generality of our claims is limited because we chose forums that focused on sensitive and value-laden topics; future work could explore credibility and quality judgment in other forums and forumlike venues such as question and answer sites as well as exploring how quality and credibility judgments interact with other aspects of forum use.
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 62(2011) no.7, S.1243-1256
  12. Mason, T.; Bawden, D.: Times new plural : the multiple temporalities of contemporary life and the infosphere (2023) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Experiences of time and temporalities in contemporary life are analysed, with Floridi's conception of the infosphere as a central concept. The effects of instantaneous communication and digital information are shown to result not simply in the obvious acceleration of many aspects of life, but in multiple temporalities. The informational spaces of Floridi's hyperhistorical time form a new time-based society, with our informational activities expressed in linear, cyclic, re-cyclic, and iterative processes. Examples from the information sciences, particularly information seeking and "slow information," are given, and an outline model for time literacy is presented.
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 74(2023) no.10, S.1159-1169
  13. Hernon, P.: Disinformation and misinformation through the Internet : findings of an exploratory study (1995) 0.00
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    Abstract
    There are in creased opportunities for disinformation and misinformation to occur on the Internet and for students, faculty, and others to unknowingly reference them. The extent of inaccurary over the Internet was investigated in 1994 by means of a questionnaire involving 16 participants which covered: individuals' views on the accuracy of information available through the Internet; their reactions to the creation of disinformation and misinformation; their awareness of instances of disinformation and misinformation on the Internet; and their views on the official or authentic version or dource. Findings indictae a need to develop digital signatures and other authenticating techniques
  14. "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" unterzeichnet (2003) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Gemeinsam mit den Repräsentanten der großen deutschen und internationalen Wissenschaftsorganisationen hat Prof. Peter Gruss, der Präsident der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, am Mittwoch, den 22. Oktober, die "Berliner Erklärung über offenen Zugang zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen" (Berlin Declaration an Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities) unterzeichnet. Vorausgegangen war eine dreitägige Konferenz im Berlin-Dahlemer Harnack-Haus der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft. Dabei diskutierten international führende Experten über neue Zugangsmöglichkeiten zu wissenschaftlichem Wissen und kulturellem Erbe durch das Internet.
  15. Boyd, A.: Information disparity : research and measurement challenges in an interconnected world (2004) 0.00
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    Abstract
    With the proliferation of new information channels such as the Web, e-mail and wireless, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of these technologies within information-seeking and retrieval contexts. This issue of Aslib Proceedings presents research that begins to address the notion of "information disparity". It aims to weave a common thread between the challenges of reconciling disparate information needs in an environment complicated by fragmented or disparate data sources. This article lists several emerging trends that should begin to challenge traditional notions of our research field.
  16. Ma, Y.: Internet: the global flow of information (1995) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Colours, icons, graphics, hypertext links and other multimedia elements are variables that affect information search strategies and information seeking behaviour. These variables are culturally constructed and represented and are subject to individual and community interpretation. Hypothesizes that users in different communities (in intercultural or multicultural context) will interpret differently the meanings of the multimedia objects on the Internet. Users' interpretations of multimedia objects may differ from the intentions of the designers. A study in this area is being undertaken
  17. Oeser, E.: Information superhighways for knowledge transfer and the need for a fundamental theory of information (1995) 0.00
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  18. Casey, D.D.: Beyond point and click : information literacy for the Web (1997) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Examines the challenge for librarians presented with members of the public wanting to make use of the Internet, who may anticipate that finding information on the WWW is a relative straightforward matter. Looks at the kind of guidance needed in using both the Windows operating system and Web browsers. Points out that users will have to learn how to cope with the frustrations inherent to the current realities of the Internet, and specific problems such as the need for absolute precision when entering Web addresses. Reference interviews may be required to determine whether the Web is the best source for the information sought in a particular instance, to help formulate appropriate search strategies, and evaluate and present the information that users retrieve
  19. Berghel, H.: Cyberspace 2000 : dealing with information overload (1997) 0.00
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    Source
    Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery. 40(1997) no.2, S.19-24
  20. Exner, F.: From drowning to surfing : a slogan's significance (1998) 0.00
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    Abstract
    Godert notes that, having survived a period where we were drowning in information, we seem to be in a period where we are happily surfing the Internet. This communication considers the social implications of this change in fundamental metaphors about our relationship to information. It is first proposed that, though a paradigm shift has not occured, the significance of the change should not be minimized. The similarities and differences between surfing and drowning are then considered. Questions suggested by these similarities and differences are offered for consideration
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 49(1998) no.1, S.92-93