Search (22 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

While the Web has grown significantly in recent years, some portions of the Web remain largely underdeveloped, as shown in a lack of high-quality content and functionality. An example is the Arabic Web, in which a lack of well-structured Web directories limits users' ability to browse for Arabic resources. In this research, we proposed an approach to building Web directories for the underdeveloped Web and developed a proof-of-concept prototype called the Arabic Medical Web Directory (AMedDir) that supports browsing of over 5,000 Arabic medical Web sites and pages organized in a hierarchical structure. We conducted an experiment involving Arab participants and found that the AMedDir significantly outperformed two benchmark Arabic Web directories in terms of browsing effectiveness, efficiency, information quality, and user satisfaction. Participants expressed strong preference for the AMedDir and provided many positive comments. This research thus contributes to developing a useful Web directory for organizing the information in the Arabic medical domain and to a better understanding of how to support browsing on the underdeveloped Web.

Date

22. 3.2009 17:57:50

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.3, S.595-607

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Abstract

The BAER Web Resources Group was charged in October 1999 with defining and describing the parameters of electronic resources that do not clearly belong to the categories being defined by the BAER Digital Group or the BAER Electronic Journals Group. After some difficulty identifying precisely which resources fell under the Group's charge, we finally named the following types of resources for our consideration: web sites, electronic texts, indexes, databases and abstracts, online reference resources, and networked and non-networked CD-ROMs. Electronic resources are a vast and growing collection that touch nearly every department within the Library. It is unrealistic to think one department can effectively administer all aspects of the collection. The Group then began to focus on the concern of bibliographic access to these varied resources, and to define parameters for handling or processing them within the Library. Some key elements became evident as the work progressed. * Selection process of resources to be acquired for the collection * Duplication of effort * Use of CORC * Resource Finder design * Maintenance of Resource Finder * CD-ROMs not networked * Communications * Voyager search limitations. An unexpected collaboration with the Web Development Committee on the Resource Finder helped to steer the Group to more detailed descriptions of bibliographic access. This collaboration included development of data elements for the Resource Finder database, and some discussions on Library staff processing of the resources. The Web Resources Group invited expert testimony to help the Group broaden its view to envision public use of the resources and discuss concerns related to technical services processing. The first testimony came from members of the Resource Finder Committee. Some background information on the Web Development Resource Finder Committee was shared. The second testimony was from librarians who select electronic texts. Three main themes were addressed: accessing CD-ROMs; the issue of including non-networked CD-ROMs in the Resource Finder; and, some special concerns about electronic texts. The third testimony came from librarians who select indexes and abstracts and also provide Reference services. Appendices to this report include minutes of the meetings with the experts (Appendix A), a list of proposed data elements to be used in the Resource Finder (Appendix B), and recommendations made to the Resource Finder Committee (Appendix C). Below are summaries of the key elements.

Date

21. 4.2002 10:22:31

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Abstract

Multisource web news portals provide various advantages such as richness in news content and an opportunity to follow developments from different perspectives. However, in such environments, news variety and quantity can have an overwhelming effect. New-event detection and topic-tracking studies address this problem. They examine news streams and organize stories according to their events; however, several tracking stories of an event/topic may contain no new information (i.e., no novelty). We study the novelty detection (ND) problem on the tracking news of a particular topic. For this purpose, we build a Turkish ND test collection called BilNov-2005 and propose the usage of three ND methods: a cosine-similarity (CS)-based method, a language-model (LM)-based method, and a cover-coefficient (CC)-based method. For the LM-based ND method, we show that a simpler smoothing approach, Dirichlet smoothing, can have similar performance to a more complex smoothing approach, Shrinkage smoothing. We introduce a baseline that shows the performance of a system with random novelty decisions. In addition, a category-based threshold learning method is used for the first time in ND literature. The experimental results show that the LM-based ND method significantly outperforms the CS- and CC-based methods, and category-based threshold learning achieves promising results when compared to general threshold learning.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 63(2012) no.4, S.777-795

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Abstract

The Digital Public Library of America brings together the riches of America's libraries, archives, and museums, and makes them freely available to the world. In order to do this, DPLA has had to build elements of the national digital platform to connect to those institutions and to serve their digitized materials to audiences. In this article, we detail the construction of two critical elements of our work: the decentralized national network of "hubs," which operate in states across the country; and a version of the Hydra repository software that is tailored to the needs of our community. This technology and the organizations that make use of it serve as the foundation of the future of DPLA and other projects that seek to take advantage of the national digital platform.

Object

Digital Public Library of America

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Footnote

Rez. in: B.I.T. online 8(2005) H.2, S.202 (J. Plieninger): "Der Aufbau digitaler Bibliotheken gilt manchen Unkundigen immer noch als Ei des Kolumbus, um mittels einer Digitalisierung umfangreicher Bestände Stellplatz und Finanzmittel zu sparen. Mittlerweile ist aber offenbar, dass auch die Digitalisierung einen nicht zu vernachlässigenden Aufwand bedeutet und das Problem der zukunftssicheren Aufbewahrung auch auf dieser Ebene immer noch nicht gelöst ist. Es ist somit weder einfach noch billig, entsprechende Vorhaben zu verwirklichen und nicht wenige Projekte sind zu einem Investitionsgrab verkommen. Um so erfreulicher, dass dieser Band nun einen Überblick über die Erfahrungen von koordinierten Forschungsprogrammen in den USA und Großbritannien von 1994 bis ca. 2002 gibt und Einblicke in Politik, Planung, Einrichtung und Handhabung der von diesen Programmen gesponserten Projekten erlaubt und dies aus unterschiedlichen Perspektiven. Im einleitenden Teil wird in zwei Kapiteln zunächst eine Übersicht über die Entwicklung der Forschungsprogramme in den USA und GB gegeben. Bei der Lektüre wird offenbar, wie viel im angelsächsischen Bereich in diesem Bereich investiert wurde und dass viele bekannte aktuelle Dienste, kostenlose als auch kommerzielle, in ihnen ihre Wurzeln haben. Insbesondere die Abhandlung über die USA sollte deutsche Bibliothekspolitiker interessieren, handelt es sich doch dabei um eine umfangreiche Finanzierung eines föderalen politischen Systems. Im darauf folgenden ersten Teil werden dann die Themenbereiche Ökonomie und Finanzierung, Inhaltsarten, Open Access, digitale Präservation und Evaluation von elektronischen Informationsdiensten eingehend behandelt. Es werden jeweils die Probleme und "Handlungsfelder" in allen Facetten dargestellt, welche sich beim Aufbau jeder digitalen Bibliothek stellen und gelöst werden müssen.
Teil zwei bietet dann Fallbeispiele für Implementation und Aufbau verschiedener digitaler Bibliotheken, u.a. von städtischen, universitären digitalen Bibliotheken und von solchen, die per Netzwerk erstellt werden. Auch eine digitale Bibliothek, welche Musik beinhaltet und jene der Library of Congress werden vorgestellt. Im dritten Teil werden dann Aspekte der Zukunft digitaler Bibliotheken am Beispiel der Tilburg University Library vorgestellt. Entwicklungslinien und einige Sackgassen seit 1992 werden herausgearbeitet und die Zukunft als eine Implementation der digitalen Bibliothek in eLearning-Strategien der Trägerorganisation dargestellt. Ein Stichwortregister rundet den Band ab. Der Band, geschrieben von kompetenten, aus der Praxis kommenden Beiträgern, sollte Pflichtlektüre sein nicht nur für jene, welche Projekte im Bereich der Digitalisierung planen oder durchführen, sondern für alle, welche sich für die Weiterentwicklung des Bibliothekswesens interessieren. Insbesondere der Teil zu den einzelnen Handlungsfeldern bietet gute Zusammenfassungen von Problemstellungen, an denen sich früher oder später jede Bibliothek abmühen muss. Die Vielfalt der aufgeführten Praxisbeispiele ist ebenfalls sehr anregend. Lektüre empfohlen!"

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Footnote

Teil eines Themenheftes: OCLC and the Internet: An Historical Overview of Research Activities, 1990-1999 - Part II

Source

Journal of library administration. 34(2001) nos.3/4, S.421-430

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Content

"Problembeschreibung Zunächst fällt auf, dass die vorhandenen Fachportale sehr häufig den kognitiven Hintergrund eines ingenieursystemischen oder archivbürokratischen Denkens erkennen lassen. Dieser kognitive Hintergrund mag für den Systemaufbau notwendig sein, doch stellt sich die Frage, ob er dem Nutzer - häufig anderer fachlicher Provenienz - an der Mensch-System-Schnittstelle aufgenötigt werden muss. Der Nutzer ist typischerweise Nutzer verschiedener Portale und verfügt in der Regel nicht über die Zeitressourcen, sich fortwährend in neue Portalsystematiken einzuarbeiten. Portale, die ihre Schnittstelle zum Nutzer nicht hinreichend selbsterklärend aufgebaut haben, werden daher schnell wieder geschlossen oder nicht wieder angesteuert. Denn der Nutzer hat als Idealbild die selbsterklärende Suchmaske Google oder vergleichbare Suchmaschinen im Kopf. Diese vermeintliche Verwahrlosung des Informationssuchverhaltens mögen anspruchsvolle Systemarchitekten bedauern, doch werden sie die Nutzer kaum durch kompliziert zu bedienende Portalarchitekturen umerziehen können. Hermann Rösch gibt in einem Übersichtsartikel "Virtuelle Fachbibliotheken - in Zukunft Fachportale. Bestandsaufnahme und Entwicklungsperspektiven" (Information - Wissenschaft & Praxis 2/2004) den state of the art zu internetgestützten Fachinformationssystemen wieder. Nimmt man die dort beschriebenen derzeit modernsten Varianten, Informationsressourcen zu erschließen, zur Kenntnis, dann fällt vor allem eines auf: Sie scheinen durchgehend einem bibliothekarisch-archivarischen Ansatz mit enzyklopädischer Orientierung verhaftet zu bleiben. Es geht um sammeln, kennzeichnen und wiederauffindbar machen, und zwar von möglichst allem, was irgendwann einmal relevant sein könnte. Beschrieben werden von Rösch (S.73-76) Erschließungsformen und Tools, denen sämtlich zwei beträchtliche Hürden innewohnen, die in der bibliothekarisch-archivarischen Vorgehensweise systematisch angelegt sind: Sie benötigen erstens einen immensen Personalaufwand zur Pflege der Angebote und zweitens jeweils system- und toolspezifisch qualifizierte Nutzer und Nutzerinnen. Genannt werden bei Rösch folgende Werkzeuge: die Auswahl von Webressourcen, um diese in einem Webkatalog zusammenzustellen; deren intensive Erschließung durch Metadaten, Fachthesauri, Fachklassifikationen und Universalklassifikation; fachliche Suchmaschinen, die eine Indexierung aller im Webkatalog erfassten Quellen über sämtliche Hierarchieebenen zur Voraussetzung haben; die Erschließung sowohl digitaler wie gedruckter Informationsangebote einschließlich der retrospektiven Digitalisierung wichtiger gedruckter Quellen; Volltextdatenbanken und sonstige Datenbanken aller Art. Allerdings werden auch zwei wichtige Entwicklungen genannt, die den innewohnenden Hürden gegenzuarbeiten versuchen. Das ist zum einen das Konzept der Verteilten Archive mit heterogenen Datenbeständen, in denen unabhängig von Medium, Speicherform und Speicherort von einer (Netz-)Stelle aus parallel recherchiert werden kann (ebd., S.73). Es ist zum anderen die Personalisierung, also die Möglichkeiten der Definition individueller Interessenprofile, statistischer Auswertung von Clickstreams und Clickrates zur Verwendung im Rahmen regelbasierter Segmentierung und Verfahren des Collaborative Filtering, individuelle Konfiguration von Portalseiten usw. (ebd., S. 78).
Gleichwohl: Systematisch sind die heute üblichen Varianten internetgestützter Wissensverwaltung der enzyklopädischen Idee des i8. Jahrhunderts verhaftet. Denn alles Wissen, das für die Bedienung beliebiger einschließlich der aktuell noch nicht bekannten Informationsbedürfnisse relevant sein könnte, soll über jeweils einen themenzentrierten Ort abrufbar sein. Die Übertragung dieser Idee ins Internet produziert vier Probleme. Aus Sicht der Nutzer sind dies drei: Es entstehen erstens ein information overload, Unübersichtlichkeit und dadurch eine strukturell bedingte Entmündigung des Nutzers. Dies verbindet sich zweitens mit dem o.g. Problem, dass die Informationssysteme zu ihrer angemessenen Nutzung jeweils spezifisch qualifizierte Nutzer benötigen. Drittens wird der Kontakt zur Forschungsfront systematisch verfehlt. Aus Sicht der Finanziers stellt sich viertens die Frage nach der Finanzierbarkeit des - und zwar fortdauernd - nötigen Personalaufwands."

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Footnote

Teil eines Themenheftes: OCLC and the Internet: An Historical Overview of Research Activities, 1990-1999 - Part II

Source

Journal of library administration. 34(2001) nos.3/4, S.317-323

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Footnote

Teil eines Themenheftes: OCLC and the Internet: An Historical Overview of Research Activities, 1990-1999 - Part II

Source

Journal of library administration. 34(2001) nos.3/4, S.301-305

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Abstract

Libraries have always been an inspiration for the standards and technologies developed by semantic web activities. However, except for the Dublin Core specification, semantic web and social networking technologies have not been widely adopted and further developed by major digital library initiatives and projects. Yet semantic technologies offer a new level of flexibility, interoperability, and relationships for digital repositories. Kruk and McDaniel present semantic web-related aspects of current digital library activities, and introduce their functionality; they show examples ranging from general architectural descriptions to detailed usages of specific ontologies, and thus stimulate the awareness of researchers, engineers, and potential users of those technologies. Their presentation is completed by chapters on existing prototype systems such as JeromeDL, BRICKS, and Greenstone, as well as a look into the possible future of semantic digital libraries. This book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in areas like digital libraries, the semantic web, social networks, and information retrieval. This audience will benefit from detailed descriptions of both today's possibilities and also the shortcomings of applying semantic web technologies to large digital repositories of often unstructured data.

Content

Inhalt: Introduction to Digital Libraries and Semantic Web: Introduction / Bill McDaniel and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Digital Libraries and Knowledge Organization / Dagobert Soergel - Semantic Web and Ontologies / Marcin Synak, Maciej Dabrowski and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Social Semantic Information Spaces / John G. Breslin A Vision of Semantic Digital Libraries: Goals of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel - Architecture of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Westerki and Ewelina Kruk - Long-time Preservation / Markus Reis Ontologies for Semantic Digital Libraries: Bibliographic Ontology / Maciej Dabrowski, Macin Synak and Sebastian Ryszard Kruk - Community-aware Ontologies / Slawomir Grzonkowski, Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Adam Gzella, Jakub Demczuk and Bill McDaniel Prototypes of Semantic Digital Libraries: JeromeDL: The Social Semantic Digital Library / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Mariusz Cygan, Adam Gzella, Tomasz Woroniecki and Maciej Dabrowski - The BRICKS Digital Library Infrastructure / Bernhard Haslhofer and Predrag Knezevié - Semantics in Greenstone / Annika Hinze, George Buchanan, David Bainbridge and Ian Witten Building the Future - Semantic Digital Libraries in Use: Hyperbooks / Gilles Falquet, Luka Nerima and Jean-Claude Ziswiler - Semantic Digital Libraries for Archiving / Bill McDaniel - Evaluation of Semantic and Social Technologies for Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk, Ewelina Kruk and Katarzyna Stankiewicz - Conclusions: The Future of Semantic Digital Libraries / Sebastian Ryszard Kruk and Bill McDaniel

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Abstract

OCLC are seeking participants for its Cooperative Online Resource Catalog (CORC) project, which will explore the cooperative creation of a catalogue of Internet resources

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Abstract

Examines the nuts-and-bolts practical matters of making this cataloging system work in the Internet environment, where information objects are electronic, transient, and numerous.

Series

Journal of internet cataloging; 4, nos. 1/2

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Abstract

Reports a preliminary analysis of organizational schemes applied by academic libraries worldwide to arrange their electronic resources an their Web-based information gateways. The unsystematic sample consists of 41 academic libraries in 10 countries representing 4 languages, Chinese, English, German, and Spanish. The study reveals a widely accepted practice in applying 6 simplistic methods to organizing online information: by resource type, alphabetical by title, alphabetical by subject (mostly discipline and genre), by vendor/publisher, by broad classification, and random. In addition, it notes a marked difference between libraries in the English-speaking world and those in other countries in that the former present significantly more systematic characteristics.

Source

Challenges in knowledge representation and organization for the 21st century: Integration of knowledge across boundaries. Proceedings of the 7th ISKO International Conference Granada, Spain, July 10-13, 2002. Ed.: M. López-Huertas

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Abstract

CORC is an OCLC project that id developing tools and systems to enable libraries to provide enhanced access to Internet resources. By adapting and extending library techniques and procedures, we are developing a self-supporting system capable of describing a large and useful subset of the Web. CORC is more a system for hosting and supporting subject gateways than a gateway itself and relies on large-scale cooperation among libraries to maintain a centralized database. By supporting emerging metadata standards such as Dublin Core and other standards such as Unicode and RDF, CORC broadens the range of libraries and librarians able to participate. Current plans are for OCLC as a full service in July 2000

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Abstract

This article will showcase the aims and research goals of the project entitled "Transforming Libraries and Archives through Crowdsourcing", recipient of a 2016 Institute for Museum and Library Services grant. This grant will be used to fund the creation of four bespoke text and audio transcription projects which will be hosted on the Zooniverse, the world-leading research crowdsourcing platform. These transcription projects, while supporting the research of four separate institutions, will also function as a means to expand and enhance the Zooniverse platform to better support galleries, libraries, archives and museums (GLAM institutions) in unlocking their data and engaging the public through crowdsourcing.

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Abstract

This comprehensive volume offers usable information for people at all levels of Internet savvy. It can teach librarians, students, and patrons how to search the Internet more systematically. It also helps information professionals design more efficient, effective search engines and Web pages.

Series

Journal of internet cataloging; 2, nos. 1/2

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Date

17. 7.1996 9:33:22

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Abstract

Werden Google, Yahoo und Microsoft die einzigen Zugänge zum weltweiten Wissen im Jahre 2010 darstellen? Der Autor setzt sich für eine konzertierte Aktion der Bibliotheken ein, um mittels »State-of-the-Art«- Suchmaschinentechnologie verlässliche, qualitativ hochwertige Suchdienste für wissenschaftliche Informationen in Forschung und Lehre aufzubauen. Die Notwendigkeit ergibt sich aus dem explosionsartigen Anwachsen wissenschaftlich relevanter Dokumente, die nicht selten ausschließlich über das Internet zugänglich sind und über derzeit verfügbare Informationsportale von Bibliotheken nicht oder nur sehr unzulänglich recherchiert werden können. Der Artikel beschreibt mögliche Wege der Kooperationen von Bibliotheken und anderen Informationsanbietern im nationalen und internationalen Kontext beim Aufbau eines offenen, verteilten wissenschaftlichen Internet-Indexes, der modular angelegt in beliebigen lokalen Umgebungen genutzt werden kann. Für die nutzerfreundliche Gestaltung des neuen Suchservices wird auf die Notwendigkeit der Berücksichtigung von etablierten, allgemeinen Internet-Suchdiensten eingegangen, die innerhalb kurzer Zeit eine hohe Popularität und Nutzerakzeptanz gewonnen haben.