-
Huth, M.: Symbolic and sub-symbolic knowledge organization in the Computational Theory of Mind (1995)
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- Abstract
- We sketch the historic transformation of culturally grown techniques of symbol manipulation, such as basic arithmetic in the decimal number system, to the full-fledges version of the Computational Theory of Mind. Symbol manipulation systems had been considered by Leibniz as a methodology of inferring knowledge in a secure and purely mechanical fashion. Such 'inference calculi' were considered as mer artefacts which could not possibly encompass als human knowldge acquisition. In Alan Turing's work one notices a crucial shift of perspective. The abstract mathematical states of a Turing machine (a kind of 'calculus universalis' that Leibniz was looking for) are claimed to correspond th equivalent psychological states. Artefacts are turned into faithful models of human cognition. A further step toward the Computational Theory of Mind was the physical symbol system hypothesis, contending to have found a necessary and sifficient criterion for the presence of 'intelligence' in operative mediums. This, together with Chomsky's foundational work on linguistics, led naturally to the Computational Theory of Mind as set out by Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylshyn. We discuss problematic aspects of this theory. Then we deal with another paradigm of the Computational Theory of Mind based on network automata. This sub-symbolic paradigm seems to avoid problems occuring in symbolic computations, like the proble 'frame problem' and 'graceful degradation'
- Source
- Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.1, S.10-17
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Abrahamson, J.R.: Mind, evolution, and computers (1994)
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- Abstract
- Science deals with knowledge of the material world based on objective reality, and is under constant attack by those who need magic, that is concepts based on imagination and desire. Roger Penrose in 'The emperor's new mind' attampts to look beyond objective reality to questions concerning the machinery and method of the operation of the human mind, using the theory that computers will never be able to duplicate the human experience. Shows where Penrose is wrong by reviewing the evolution of men and computers and speculating about where computers might and might not imitate human perception. Warns against the danger of passive acceptance when respected scientists venture into the occult
- Source
- AI magazine. 15(1994) no.1, S.19-22
-
Bruneau, A.-P.: Geometrical patterns underlying human intelligence : implications in information retrieval (1994)
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- Abstract
- The author argues that there are underlying structures to the mind which may be described as a from of visual intelligence. This idea favors artificial intelligence research directed in studies of geometrical patterns to cognition. He hypothezises that such patterns may be compared with geographical maps as well as topological or spatial entities present in most written languages, but especially spatially based scripts such as Chinese. A philosophical approach is employed to discuss these issues, most notably the German philosophy of Gestalt and an epistemological critique of the foundation of knowledge. He concludes such entities may provide the basis for a solid model of intelligence based on formalized, geometrical formal patterns and that this model may be used effectively in a connectionist environment
-
Creth, S.D.: ¬The information arcade : playground for the mind (1994)
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- Abstract
- The information arcade at the main library, University of Iowa encourage and facilitates the integration of electronic information resources into the academic curriculum and into research activities. It is the result of a collaboration between librarians, faculty and computing staff. Describes how the service was set up and the services it provides
- Source
- Journal of academic librarianship. 20(1994) no.1, S.22-23
-
Keith, E.; Kohut, D.: Reference and bibliographic instruction : a survey of philosophy statements in LIBRAS libraries (1998)
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- Abstract
- A 1996 survey of the 18 LIBRAS consortium libraries to find out to what degree they have achieved a synthesis between reference and bibliographic instruction. The surveyed libraries were asked 2 main items of information: a statement of philosophy on reference service and a statement of philosophy on bibliographic instruction. 11 out of 18 surveys were returned. The results indicated 2 extremes: 1. the 'teaching library,' which subsumes both services under a single philosophy and 2. the library that claims not to have any philosophies. The rest fall somewhere in between. The survey results reinforce the original belief by the researchers that philosophy statements pose problems in their construction and in their relation to day-to-day realities
-
Arbour, D.; Miller, K.: ¬A long running quest for Power (1998)
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- Abstract
- Profile of UMI founded in 1938 by Eugene Power as University Microfilms, describing its progress from microfilms to ProQuest Direct, the company's latest Web based product which provides access to all its electronic databases. Dan Arbour recounts the history and philosophy of UMI, and explains production methods, the firm's structure and business strategies and current and future plans
- Source
- Information world review. 1998, no.133, S.22-23
-
Berger, C.: Reference service : a thing of the past? (1996)
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- Abstract
- The philosophy of reference librarian-patron public service can be traced back to the ideas of Samuel Green, a reference librarian from the 19th century. With the advent of information technology and the dramatic changes in the economic, political and social fabric of the USA, this public service philosophy seems to have lost relevance and become a thing of the past. Argues that the traditional philosophy of public service has remained vital to overall reference service despite the information technology and other societal changes
- Source
- The roles of reference librarians: today and tomorrow. Ed.: K. Low
-
Dahlberg, I.: Historical paradigms in the philosophy of classification (1994)
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- Source
- The economics of information. ASIS'94. Proc. 57th ASIS Annual Meeting, Alexandria, VA, Oct. 17-20, 1994. Ed.: B. Maxian
-
Davis, L.J.: ¬The service philosophy of the academic library (1996)
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- Abstract
- Considers how the information revolution is likely to impact on the service philosophy of academic libraries. As the emphasis of academic librarianship moves away from collecting materials, the service philosophy will become a strong component of librarianship that is committed to access. In the process of transformation the library must be responsive to patron needs and all services shoul be re-evaluated. Suggests how the reference service might be reengineered in the new service environment. The new service philosophy also means that strong alliances must be formed between institutions. With careful planning, an attitude of respect, and a real commitment to service, academic librarianship can use the developments of technology to help reassert itself as a powerful and vital force in higher education
-
Franks, J.A.: Forming a reference philosophy : the role of shared values (1998)
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- Abstract
- Suggests that when conflicting philosophies of service exist within an academic reference department, users may receive various levels of service from different users, which may be disappointing or confusing. In order to provide service which is consistent in nature and scope, librarians need to embrace the same or very similar service philosophy, and the head of the department should lead in this endeavour. Argues that this philosophy should be based on the department's shared values, which need in turn to be articulated
- Footnote
- Part of an issue devoted to the philosophical ideas underlying reference services
-
Layne, S.S.: Brian E. Schottlaender : politics and philosophy of bibliographic control, a conversation (1999)
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-
Lee, E.: Cataloguing (and reference) at the crossroads (1996)
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- Abstract
- Alerts librarians to directions in research in artificial intelligence relevant to information retrieval which will change current technology and user expectations and consequently the requirements for data provision and access at the base level. Predicts a reevaluation of priorities for using the expertise of cataloguers (and reference librarians) and of cataloguing methodologies. Debates the future of cataloguing, arguing for the need to monitor developments in adjacent research areas and to plan with these in mind
- Source
- Cataloguing Australia. 22(1996) nos.3/4, S.68-75
-
Kent, R.E.: Organizing conceptual knowledge online : metadata interoperability and faceted classification (1998)
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- Abstract
- Conceptual Knowledge Markup Language (CKML), an application of XML, is a new standard being promoted for the specification of online conceptual knowledge (Kent and Shrivastava, 1998). CKML follows the philosophy of Conceptual Knowledge Processing (Wille, 1982), a principled approach to knowledge representation and data analysis, which advocates the development of methodologies and techniques to support people in their rational thinking, judgement and actions. CKML was developed and is being used in the WAVE networked information discovery and retrieval system (Kent and Neuss, 1994) as a standard for the specification of conceptual knowledge
- Date
- 30.12.2001 16:22:41
- Source
- Structures and relations in knowledge organization: Proceedings of the 5th International ISKO-Conference, Lille, 25.-29.8.1998. Ed.: W. Mustafa el Hadi et al
-
Sutton, B.: Understanding scientific knowledge and communication : library and information science in the undergraduate curriculum (1996)
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- Abstract
- Describes an experimental undergraduate seminar on the production and dissemination of scientific knowledge which takes a multidisciplinary approach, using case studies to draw together theoretical principles from library and information science, insights from the philosophy and sociology of science, issues in critical thinking and problem solving, and details on the construction and use of information retrieval systems. Offered as an elective course to juniors and seniors, at the Graduate School of Library and Information Science at Illinois University at Urbana-Champaign, the course is designed to meet the needs of students who do not expect to become information professionals but who can benefit from a better understanding of the principles of scientific knowledge production and the cultivation of information retrieval skills
- Source
- Journal of education for library and information science. 37(1996) no.1, S.11-29
-
Albrechtsen, H.: ¬A clarification of some prerequisites for a modern philosophy of classification (1994)
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- Source
- The economics of information. ASIS'94. Proc. 57th ASIS Annual Meeting, Alexandria, VA, Oct. 17-20, 1994. Ed.: B. Maxian
-
Jaenecke, P.: Elementary principles for representing knowledge (1996)
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- Abstract
- The vast majority of publications in language theory and philosophy start with the language as the given and ask about their structures, about the meaning of their words and about the corret interpretation of texts. This paper approaches the language problem from just the opposite side: the given is here a certain content; what is sought for, is an appropriate artificial language to represent this content. To this end, 7 elementary representation principles are proposed. To illustrate the way they work, syntactic pattern recognition is introduced as a simple, but non-trivial ecxample for representing knowledge in formal language. Another central thema of the paper is Leibniz's characteristica universalis and the so-called Leibniz project. Leibniz's investigations in this field are reviewed against the backgroud of the tasks required in syntactic pattern recognition. It is demonstrated that Leibniz had, in fact, already worked with 6 of the 7 representation principles proposed, further, that his characteristica universalis is an early form of a formal language, and lastly, that, contrary to the prevailing view - the Leibniz project is not a matter of logic but rather one of knowledge representation, a field largely unexploited in today's logic-oriented epistemology and philosophy of science. It is precisely this one-sided orientation of these disciplines, which is responsible for the distorted picture of Leibniz's work found in the literature; some typical misunderstandings are finally discussed
-
Zwadlo, J.: We don't need a philosophy of library and information science : we're confused enough already (1997)
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- Abstract
- Presents the thesis that there is no philosophy of library and information sciecne and that the profession does not need one. Argues that instead, a way must be found to manage a confusion, a 'fused together' mass of many contradictory ideas, in order to do useful things, and to be helpful to library users. This search amounts to a philosophical discussion about why librarians and information scientists do not need a philosophy. Shows how to handle this kind of contradiction and shows that for librarians and information scientists, a 'con-fusion' of ideas is worth seeking, rather than resolving
-
Jacob, E.K.: Cognition and classification : a crossdisciplinary approach to a philosophy of classification (1994)
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- Source
- The economics of information. ASIS'94. Proc. 57th ASIS Annual Meeting, Alexandria, VA, Oct. 17-20, 1994. Ed.: B. Maxian
-
Ahmad, K.: ¬A terminology dynamic and the growth of knowledge : a case study in nuclear physics and in the philosophy of science (1996)
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-
Albert, E.: Vpliv knjiznicarjevega vedenja na uspesnost referencne sluzbe v Slovenskih splosnoizobrazevalnih knjiznicah (1998)
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- Abstract
- The authors are students of librarianship in the faculty of philosophy at Ljubljana University, Slovenia. Users were asked to describe their library visits and summarise what was most helpful and least helpful about the service received. In the list of best practices, the most frequent feature was that the staff member really listened (58,9%). Other aspects of most helpful behaviour (e.g. using different body language, showing genuine interest, willingness to investigate further) occured in less than 40% of the interviews. 3 features of least helpful behaviour were listed in more than 30% of the cases; not asking the user anything about the question and making no effort to determine the specific need, not telling the user what he/she was doing, making no effort to determine whether the user had found the relevant information
- Date
- 22. 2.1999 19:29:43
- Footnote
- Übers. d. Titels: The influence of the librarian's behaviour on the effectiveness of reference services in Slovene public libraries
