-
Bewußtsein : Beiträge aus der Gegenwartsphilosophie (2005)
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- Abstract
- DAS STANDARDWERK in der Philosophie des Geistes seit 10 Jahren - jetzt in 5. Auflage mit einer um mehr als 60 Seiten erweiterten Bibliographie, die Publikationen zur Philosophie des Geistes und angrenzender Disziplinen von 1970-2004 erfaßt (über 2700 Titel). Kann man sich vorstellen, dass so etwas wie bewusstes Erleben auf der Grundlage physikalischer Vorgänge entstehen konnte? Sind subjektives Empfinden und das Entstehen einer Innenperspektive überhaupt als Bestandteil der natürlichen Ordnung der Dinge denkbar - oder werden wir an dieser Stelle mit einem letztlich unauflöslichen Mysterium konfrontiert, mit einem weissen Fleck auf der Landkarte des wissenschaftlichen Weltbildes, der vielleicht aus prinzipiellen Gründen immer ein weisser Fleck bleiben muss? Das Problem des Bewusstseins bildet heute - vielleicht zusammen mit der Frage nach der Entstehung unseres Universums - die äusserste Grenze des menschlichen Strebens nach Erkenntnis. Es erscheint deshalb vielen als das letzte grosse Rätsel überhaupt und als die grösste theoretische Herausforderung der Gegenwart. Mit Beiträgen von: Ansgar Beckermann, Peter Bieri, Dieter Birnbacher, Ned Block, Tyler Burge, David J. Chalmers, Patricia S. Churchland, Daniel C. Dennett, Owen Flanagan, Rick Grush, Güven Güzeldere, Robert Kirk, Martin Kurthen, Joseph Levine, William G. Lycan, Colin McGinn, Thomas Metzinger, Norton Nelkin, Martine Nida-Rümelin, David Papineau, Diana Raffman, Georges Rey, David M. Rosenthal, Eva Ruhnau, Michael Tye, Robert Van Gulick, Kathy Wilkes. Siehe auch: "Conscious Experience", gekürzte englischsprachige Version des Buches "Bewußtsein".
- Content
- Kommentare: Metzingers blauer Sammelband [...] bietet den zur Zeit vielseitigsten und aktuellsten deutschsprachigen Einstieg in die Thematik. Obwohl als Studienwerkzeug konzipiert, kann der Band auch das Interesse weiterer Kreise gewinnen. M. Lenzen, Frankfurter Rundschau. In den letzten Jahren hat es keine Veröffentlichung gegeben, die so kenntnisreich und informativ in die Gegenwartsdiskussion um das Bewusstsein einführte. H. Breuer, Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung. Dieser monumentale Band ist nicht nur ein weiterer Sammelband auf dem wachsenden Markt von Büchern über Bewusstseinsforschung, sondern eine interdisziplinäre Bestandsaufnahme der philosophischen Problemstellungen, die mit der gegenwärtigen Kognitions- und Bewusstseinsforschung verbunden sind, herausgegeben von einem der führenden Vertreter dieser Bemühungen [...]; ein hervorragendes Buch, spannend zu lesen, wohl fundiert, ohne falsche Versprechungen, das »Rätsel des Bewusstseins« bald (oder jemals?) zufriedenstellend klären zu können. M. von Brück in Dialog der Religionen. Alles in allem: Dieses Werk gehört zu einem der wichtigsten Bücher der letzten Jahre zum Thema des menschlichen Bewusstseins. Mind Management. Wer heute zur Frage des Bewusstseins etwas sagen will und dies nicht nur aus neurologischer Sicht, wird an diesem Buch nicht vorbeigehen können. A. Resch, Grenzgebiete der Wissenschaft. Der Band stellt in einer bislang kaum dagewesenen Konzentration die führenden Autoren auf diesem Gebiet vor. Diese äusserst hochkarätige Textsammlung sollte nicht nur in der aktuellen Philosophie des Geistes, sondern auch in der empirischen Forschung grosse Wirkung entfalten. R. Schatta in Bundeswehr-Verwaltung. Der Leser wird, begleitet durch eine überaus sachkundige allgemeine und mehrere auf die neun Teile des Buches bezogene spezielle Einführungen des Herausgebers, durch die Diskussionslandschaft geführt. Er wird mit den begrifflichen Grundlagen der Diskussion vertraut gemacht und auf die Gratwanderung zwischen physischen und phänomenalen Wirklichkeiten geschickt. A. Ziemke, Psychologie Heute
- RSWK
- Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein
- Subject
- Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein
-
Phänomenales Bewusstsein : Rückkehr zur Identitätstheorie? (2002)
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- LCSH
- Consciousness / Philosophy / Congresses
- RSWK
- Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein
- Subject
- Philosophy of Mind / Bewusstsein
Consciousness / Philosophy / Congresses
-
¬The philosophy of information (2004)
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- Abstract
- Luciano Floridi's 1999 monograph, Philosophy and Computing: An Introduction, provided the impetus for the theme of this issue, more for what it did not say about librarianship and information studies (LIS) than otherwise. Following the pioneering works of Wilson, Nitecki, Buckland, and Capurro (plus many of the authors of this issue), researchers in LIS have increasingly turned to the efficacy of philosophical discourse in probing the more fundamental aspects of our theories, including those involving the information concept. A foundational approach to the nature of information, however, has not been realized, either in partial or accomplished steps, nor even as an agreed, theoretical research objective. It is puzzling that while librarianship, in the most expansive sense of all LIS-related professions, past and present, at its best sustains a climate of thought, both comprehensive and nonexclusive, information itself as the subject of study has defied our abilities to generalize and synthesize effectively. Perhaps during periods of reassessment and justification for library services, as well as in times of curricular review and continuing scholarly evaluation of perceived information demand, the necessity for every single stated position to be clarified appears to be exaggerated. Despite this, the important question does keep surfacing as to how information relates to who we are and what we do in LIS.
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: Information and Its Philosophy (Ian Cornelius) - Documentation Redux: Prolegomenon to (Another) Philosophy of Information (Bernd Frohmann) - Community as Event (Ronald E. Day) - Information Studies Without Information (Jonathan Furner) - Relevance: Language, Semantics, Philosophy (John M. Budd) - On Verifying the Accuracy of Information: Philosophical Perspectives (Don Fallis) - Arguments for Philosophical Realism in Library and Information Science (Birger Hjørland) - Knowledge Profiling: The Basis for Knowledge Organization (Torkild Thellefsen) - Classification and Categorization: A Difference that Makes a Difference (Elin K. Jacob) - Faceted Classification and Logical Division in Information Retrieval (Jack Mills) - The Epistemological Foundations of Knowledge Representations (Elaine Svenonius) - Classification, Rhetoric, and the Classificatory Horizon (Stephen Paling) - The Ubiquitous Hierarchy: An Army to Overcome the Threat of a Mob (Hope A. Olson) - A Human Information Behavior Approach to a Philosophy of Information (Amanda Spink and Charles Cole) - Cybersemiotics and the Problems of the Information-Processing Paradigm as a Candidate for a Unified Science of Information Behind Library Information Science (Søren Brier)
-
Information ethics : privacy, property, and power (2005)
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- Classification
- 323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)
- DDC
- 323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.302 (L.A. Ennis):"This is an important and timely anthology of articles "on the normative issues surrounding information control" (p. 11). Using an interdisciplinary approach, Moore's work takes a broad look at the relatively new field of information ethics. Covering a variety of disciplines including applied ethics, intellectual property, privacy, free speech, and more, the book provides information professionals of all kinds with a valuable and thought-provoking resource. Information Ethics is divided into five parts and twenty chapters or articles. At the end of each of the five parts, the editor has included a few "discussion cases," which allows the users to apply what they just read to potential real life examples. Part I, "An Ethical Framework for Analysis," provides readers with an introduction to reasoning and ethics. This complex and philosophical section of the book contains five articles and four discussion cases. All five of the articles are really thought provoking and challenging writings on morality. For instance, in the first article, "Introduction to Moral Reasoning," Tom Regan examines how not to answer a moral question. For example, he thinks using what the majority believes as a means of determining what is and is not moral is flawed. "The Metaphysics of Morals" by Immanuel Kant looks at the reasons behind actions. According to Kant, to be moral one has to do the right thing for the right reasons. By including materials that force the reader to think more broadly and deeply about what is right and wrong, Moore has provided an important foundation and backdrop for the rest of the book. Part II, "Intellectual Property: Moral and Legal Concerns," contains five articles and three discussion cases for tackling issues like ownership, patents, copyright, and biopiracy. This section takes a probing look at intellectual and intangible property from a variety of viewpoints. For instance, in "Intellectual Property is Still Property," Judge Frank Easterbrook argues that intellectual property is no different than physical property and should not be treated any differently by law. Tom Palmer's article, "Are Patents and Copyrights Morally Justified," however, uses historical examples to show how intellectual and physical properties differ.
Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.
The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."
- Imprint
- Seattle, WA : University of Washington Press
- LCSH
- Freedom of information
Privacy, Right of
- Subject
- Freedom of information
Privacy, Right of
-
Information science in transition (2009)
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- Abstract
- Are we at a turning point in digital information? The expansion of the internet was unprecedented; search engines dealt with it in the only way possible - scan as much as they could and throw it all into an inverted index. But now search engines are beginning to experiment with deep web searching and attention to taxonomies, and the semantic web is demonstrating how much more can be done with a computer if you give it knowledge. What does this mean for the skills and focus of the information science (or sciences) community? Should information designers and information managers work more closely to create computer based information systems for more effective retrieval? Will information science become part of computer science and does the rise of the term informatics demonstrate the convergence of information science and information technology - a convergence that must surely develop in the years to come? Issues and questions such as these are reflected in this monograph, a collection of essays written by some of the most pre-eminent contributors to the discipline. These peer reviewed perspectives capture insights into advances in, and facets of, information science, a profession in transition. With an introduction from Jack Meadows the key papers are: Meeting the challenge, by Brian Vickery; The developing foundations of information science, by David Bawden; The last 50 years of knowledge organization, by Stella G Dextre Clarke; On the history of evaluation in IR, by Stephen Robertson; The information user, by Tom Wilson A; The sociological turn in information science, by Blaise Cronin; From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics, by Peter Willett; Health informatics, by Peter A Bath; Social informatics and sociotechnical research, by Elisabeth Davenport; The evolution of visual information retrieval, by Peter Enser; Information policies, by Elizabeth Orna; Disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling, by Barry Mahon; Electronic scholarly publishing and open access, by Charles Oppenheim; Social software: fun and games, or business tools? by Wendy A Warr; and, Bibliometrics to webometrics, by Mike Thelwall. This monograph previously appeared as a special issue of the "Journal of Information Science", published by Sage. Reproduced here as a monograph, this important collection of perspectives on a skill set in transition from a prestigious line-up of authors will now be available to information studies students worldwide and to all those working in the information science field.
- Content
- Inhalt: Fifty years of UK research in information science - Jack Meadows / Smoother pebbles and the shoulders of giants: the developing foundations of information science - David Bawden / The last 50 years of knowledge organization: a journey through my personal archives - Stella G. Dextre Clarke / On the history of evaluation in IR - Stephen Robertson / The information user: past, present and future - Tom Wilson / The sociological turn in information science - Blaise Cronin / From chemical documentation to chemoinformatics: 50 years of chemical information science - Peter Willett / Health informatics: current issues and challenges - Peter A. Bath / Social informatics and sociotechnical research - a view from the UK - Elisabeth Davenport / The evolution of visual information retrieval - Peter Enser / Information policies: yesterday, today, tomorrow - Elizabeth Orna / The disparity in professional qualifications and progress in information handling: a European perspective - Barry Mahon / Electronic scholarly publishing and Open Access - Charles Oppenheim / Social software: fun and games, or business tools ? - Wendy A. Warr / Bibliometrics to webometrics - Mike Thelwall / How I learned to love the Brits - Eugene Garfield
- Date
- 22. 2.2013 11:35:35
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitt VÖB 62(2009) H.3, S.95-99 (O. Oberhauser): "Dieser ansehnliche Band versammelt 16 Beiträge und zwei Editorials, die bereits 2008 als Sonderheft des Journal of Information Science erschienen sind - damals aus Anlass des 50. Jahrestages der Gründung des seit 2002 nicht mehr selbständig existierenden Institute of Information Scientists (IIS). Allgemein gesprochen, reflektieren die Aufsätze den Stand der Informationswissenschaft (IW) damals, heute und im Verlauf dieser 50 Jahre, mit Schwerpunkt auf den Entwicklungen im Vereinigten Königreich. Bei den Autoren der Beiträge handelt es sich um etablierte und namhafte Vertreter der britischen Informationswissenschaft und -praxis - die einzige Ausnahme ist Eugene Garfield (USA), der den Band mit persönlichen Reminiszenzen beschließt. Mit der nunmehrigen Neuauflage dieser Kollektion als Hardcover-Publikation wollten Herausgeber und Verlag vor allem einen weiteren Leserkreis erreichen, aber auch den Bibliotheken, die die erwähnte Zeitschrift im Bestand haben, die Möglichkeit geben, das Werk zusätzlich als Monographie zur Aufstellung zu bringen. . . . Bleibt die Frage, ob eine neuerliche Publikation als Buch gerechtfertigt ist. Inhaltlich besticht der Band ohne jeden Zweifel. Jeder, der sich für Informationswissenschaft interessiert, wird von den hier vorzufindenden Texten profitieren. Und: Natürlich ist es praktisch, eine gediegene Buchpublikation in Händen zu halten, die in vielen Bibliotheken - im Gegensatz zum Zeitschriftenband - auch ausgeliehen werden kann. Alles andere ist eigentlich nur eine Frage des Budgets." Weitere Rez. in IWP 61(2010) H.2, S.148 (L. Weisel); JASIST 61(2010) no.7, S.1505 (M. Buckland); KO 38(2011) no.2, S.171-173 (P. Matthews): "Armed then with tools and techniques often applied to the structural analysis of other scientific fields, this volume frequently sees researchers turning this lens on themselves and ranges in tone from the playfully reflexive to the (parentally?) overprotective. What is in fact revealed is a rather disparate collection of research areas, all making a valuable contribution to our understanding of the nature of information. As is perhaps the tendency with overzealous lumpers (see http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lumpers_and_splitters), some attempts to bring these areas together seem a little forced. The splitters help draw attention to quite distinct specialisms, IS's debts to other fields, and the ambition of some emerging subfields to take up intellectual mantles established elsewhere. In the end, the multidisciplinary nature of information science shines through. With regard to future directions, the subsumption of IS into computer science is regarded as in many ways inevitable, although there is consensus that the distinct infocentric philosophy and outlook which has evolved within IS is something to be retained." Weitere Rez. in: KO 39(2012) no.6, S.463-465 (P. Matthews)
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Research methods for students, academics and professionals : information management and systems (2002)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 54(2003) no.10, S.982-983 (L. Schamber): "This book is the most recent of only about half a dozen research methods textbooks published for information science since 1980. Like the others, it is directed toward students and information professionals at an introductory level. Unlike the others, it describes an unusually wide variety of research methods, especially qualitative methods. This book is Australian, with a concern for human behavior in keeping with that country's reputation for research in the social sciences and development of qualitative data analysis software. The principal author is Kirsty Williamson, who wrote or co-wrote half the chapters. Eleven other authors contributed: Amanda Bow, Frada Burstein, Peta Darke, Ross Harvey, Graeme Johanson, Sue McKemmish, Majola Oosthuizen, Solveiga Saule, Don Schauder, Graeme Shanks, and Kerry Tanner. These writers, most of whom are affiliated with Monash University or Charles Sturt University, represent multidisciplinary and international backgrounds. The field they call information management and systems merges interests of information management or information studies (including librarianship, archives, and records management), and information systems, a subdiscipline of computing that focuses an information and communication technologies. The stated purpose of the book is to help information professionals become informed and critical consumers of research, not necessarily skilled researchers. It is geared toward explaining not only methodology, but also the philosophy, relevance, and process of research as a whole. The Introduction and Section 1 establish these themes. Chapter 1, an research and professional practice, explains the value of research for solving practical problems, maintaining effective Services, demonstrating accountability, and generally contributing to useful knowledge in the field. Chapter 2 an major research traditions presents a broad picture of positivist and interpretivist paradigms, along with a middle ground of post-positivism, in such a way as to help the new researcher grasp the assumptions underlying research. Woven into this Chapter is an explanation of how quantitative and qualitative methods complement each other, and how methodological triangulation provides confirmatory benefits. Chapter 3 offers instructions for beginning a research project, from development of the research problem, questions, and hypotheses to understanding the role of theory and synthesizing the literature review. Chapter 4 an research ethics covers unethical use of power positions by researchers, falsifying data, and plagiarism, along with general information an human subjects protections and roles of ethics committees. It includes intriguing examples of ethics cases to stimulate discussion.
Sections 2 and 3 make a key distinction between research methods, which encompass the theories and purposes underlying research design, and research techniques, which are specific means for collectiog data. The rationale is that one research technique, such as interviewing, may be appropriate for more than one research method, such as survey or case study. In Section 2, eight chapters describe survey, case study, experimental, system development, action, ethnography, historical, and Delphi research methods. The methods progress roughly from most to least used in information science, and for the least used, the authors take pains to elucidate the means to achieving methodological rigor. Chapter 8 presents a noteworthy argument for legitimizing system development as a valid methodological approach within the larger content of information systems research. System development is seen as belonging to the cycle of theory to practice required to create effective information systems, a cycle that emphasizes human and social aspects as a necessary counterpoint to the obvious technological aspects. The four chapters in Section 3 discuss specific techniques that may be used with different methods. Chapter 13 an sampling summarizes probability and nonprobability sampling techniques and when they are appropriate. Chapter 14 describes the two most common data-collection techniques, questionnaires and Interviews, and Looks at their respective uses. Chapter 15 covers focus groups and Chapter 16 ethnographic techniques, including participant observation. Throughout Sections 2 and 3, attention is paid to the subtleties of collectiog data from people, such as ways to obtain access and avoid major types of biases. In Section 4 an data analysis, only Chapter 17 deals directly with analyzing quantitative and qualitative data. It does so in limited space by describing the general process for handling each type of data. This is followed by evaluating research publications in Chapter 18, which offers valuable advice for critically assessing studies that employ different methods. The last part of the book is a postscript with seven questions that invite readers to reflect an issues of focus and ethics, to become aware of their responsibility for approaching research conscientiously. Although these three parts together do not constitute a unified conclusion, each does provide thematic closure for presening chapters. Writing a book of this sort presents certain challenges that the authors have conspired to tackle through organization as well as content. One of these challenges is presenting vital and pervasive research issues. These are nicely bounded by the structure of the book, with philosophical, social, and ethical considerations introduced in Section 1, revisited in middle chapters, and reinforced in the postscript. A second challenge is untangling the complexities of interrelated research methods. Here the strategy of distinguishing between research methods and research techniques is carefully explained, but admittedly strained. In separate chapters, for instance, survey is presented as method, and questionnaire (commonly called survey) as technique; ethnography as method and as multiple techniques; Delphi as method when it is also technique; and focus group as technique when it is also method. A third challenge is deciding where to stop in a book of medium length. The introduction states that bibliometrics and content analysis are omitted, although Chapter 17 an data analysis does cover some content analytic techniques under the heading of qualitative analysis. And while software packages for analyzing quantitative and qualitative data are mentioned, computer-biaed techniques for data collection, such as transaction logs, are not. Generally, the authors favor discussion of more obtrusive approaches to data collection (excepting historical) and their concomitant issues of human interaction.
Despite its many authors, the book is remarkably consistent in tone, comprehensible, and easy-even enjoyable-to read. The chapters function as self-contained units, each beginning with learning objectives and ending with discussion questions, further reading, and references. The book contains numerous examples and graphics, a glossary, and an index. The examples, many drawn from the authors' own research, represent an impressive range of research problems. In this second edition, published just two years after the first, the chapter an research ethics and a set of author bios have been added. A few other improvements might have been made. First, the references could have been updated from the first edition. Second, the downside of having multiple authors is that the methods chapters vary in structure and emphasis, making it difficult to compare methods. It would be helpful to novice researchers to have some general criteria for choosing methods before they encounter these chapters. This could be done in Chapter 3 an beginning the research design process, which now Stops at the literature review. It would also help to explicitly list advantages and disadvantages in each methods chapter, as only half the chapters have such lists now. Although this book is not explicitly or exclusively devoted to qualitative methods, it fulfills a need for more coverage in that area in information science. It is sufficiently clear and readable for any level of university student, although for graduate students 1 would supplement it with selected skills readings. It is an excellent introductory resource that delivers lots of bang for the buck in relatively few pages, compared to tomes in other social sciences that are twice as expensive and contain twice as many pages of detail that may never be utilized."
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Human perspectives in the Internet society : culture, psychology and gender; International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society <1, 2004, Cádiz> (2004)
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- Classification
- 303.48/33 22 (LoC)
- DDC
- 303.48/33 22 (LoC)
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.1, S.150-151 (L. Westbrook): "The purpose of this volume is to bring together various analyses by international scholars of the social and cultural impact of information technology on individuals and societies (preface, n.p.). It grew from the First International Conference on Human Perspectives in the Internet Society held in Cadiz, Spain, in 2004. The editors and contributors have addressed an impressive array of significant issues with rigorous research and insightful analysis although the resulting volume does suffer from the usual unevenness in depth and content that affects books based on conference proceedings. Although the $256 price is prohibitive for many individual scholars, the effort to obtain a library edition for perusal regarding particular areas of interest is likely to prove worthwhile. Unlike many international conferences that are able to attract scholars from only a handful of nations, this genuinely diverse conference included research conducted in Australia, Beijing, Canada, Croatia, the Czech Republic, England, Fiji, Germany, Greece, Iran, Ireland, Israel, Italy, Japan, Jordan, Malaysia, Norway, Russia, Scotland, South Africa, Sweden, Taiwan, and the United States. The expense of a conference format and governmental travel restrictions may have precluded greater inclusion of the work being done to develop information technology for use in nonindustrialized nations in support of economic, social justice, and political movements. Although the cultural variants among these nations preclude direct cross-cultural comparisons, many papers carefully provide sufficient background information to make basic conceptual transfers possible. A great strength of the work is the unusual combination of academic disciplines that contributes substantially to the depth of many individual papers, particularly when they are read within the larger context of the entire volume. Although complete professional affiliations are not universally available, the authors who did name their affiliation come from widely divergent disciplines including accounting, business administration, architecture, business computing, communication, computing, economics, educational technology, environmental management, experimental psychology, gender research in computer science, geography, human work sciences, humanistic informatics, industrial engineering, information management, informatics in transport and telecommunications, information science, information technology, management, mathematics, organizational behavior, pedagogy, psychology, telemedicine, and women's education. This is all to the good, but the lack of representation from departments of women's studies, gender studies, and library studies certainly limits the breadth and depth of the perspectives provided.
The editorial and peer review processes appear to be slightly spotty in application. All of the 55 papers are in English but a few of them are in such need of basic editing that they are almost incomprehensible in sections. Consider, for example, the following: "So, the meaning of region where we are studying on, should be discovered and then affect on the final plan" (p. 346). The collection shows a strong array of methodological approaches including quantitative, qualitative, and mixed methods studies; however, a few of the research efforts exhibit fundamental design flaws. Consider, for example, the study that "set[s] out to show that nurses as care-givers find it difficult to transfer any previously acquired technological skills into their work based on technology needs (p. 187). After studying 39 female and 6 male nurses, this study finds, not surprisingly, exactly what it "set out" to find. Rather than noting the limitations of sample size and data gathering techniques, the paper firmly concludes that nurses can be technologists "only in areas of technology that support their primary role as carers" (p. 188). Finally, some of the papers do not report on original research but are competent, if brief, summaries of theories or concepts that are covered in equal depth elsewhere. For example, a three-page summary of "the major personality and learning theories" (p. 3) is useful but lacks the intellectual depth or insight needed to contribute substantially to the field. These problems with composition, methodological rigor, and theoretical depth are not uncommon in papers designed for a broadly defined conference theme. The authors may have been writing for an in-person audience and anticipating thoughtful postpresentation discussions; they probably had no idea of the heavy price tag put on their work. The editors, however, might have kept that $256 in mind and exercised a heavier editorial hand. Perhaps the publisher could have paid for a careful subject indexing of the work as a substantive addition to the author index provided. The complexity of the subject domains included in the volume certainly merits careful indexing.
The volume is organized into 13 sections, each of which contains between two and eight conference papers. As with most conferences, the papers do not cover the issues in each section with equal weight or depth but the editors have grouped papers into reasonable patterns. Section 1 covers "understanding online behavior" with eight papers on problems such as e-learning attitudes, the neuropsychology of HCI, Japanese blogger motivation, and the dividing line between computer addiction and high engagement. Sections 2 (personality and computer attitudes), 3 (cyber interactions), and 4 (new interaction methods) each contain only two papers on topics such as helmet-mounted displays, online energy audits, and the use of ICT in family life. Sections 6, 7, and 8 focus on gender issues with papers on career development, the computer literacy of Malaysian women, mentoring, gaming, and faculty job satisfaction. Sections 9 and 10 move to a broader examination of cyber society and its diversity concerns with papers on cultural identity, virtual architecture, economic growth's impact on culture, and Iranian development impediments. Section 11's two articles on advertising might well have been merged with those of section 13's ebusiness. Section 12 addressed education with papers on topics such as computer-assisted homework, assessment, and Web-based learning. It would have been useful to introduce each section with a brief definition of the theme, summaries of the major contributions of the authors, and analyses of the gaps that might be addressed in future conferences. Despite the aforementioned concerns, this volume does provide a uniquely rich array of technological analyses embedded in social context. An examination of recent works in related areas finds nothing that is this complex culturally or that has such diversity of disciplines. Cultural Production in a Digital Age (Klinenberg, 2005), Perspectives and Policies on ICT in Society (Berleur & Avgerou, 2005), and Social, Ethical, and Policy Implications of Information Technology (Brennan & Johnson, 2004) address various aspects of the society/Internet intersection but this volume is unique in its coverage of psychology, gender, and culture issues in cyberspace. The lip service often given to global concerns and the value of interdisciplinary analysis of intransigent social problems seldom develop into a genuine willingness to listen to unfamiliar research paradigms. Academic silos and cultural islands need conferences like this one-willing to take on the risk of examining the large questions in an intellectually open space. Editorial and methodological concerns notwithstanding, this volume merits review and, where appropriate, careful consideration across disciplines."
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Between data science and applied data analysis : Proceedings of the 26th Annual Conference of the Gesellschaft für Klassifikation e.V., University of Mannheim, July 22-24, 2002 (2003)
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Facets: a fruitful notion in many domains : special issue on facet analysis (2008)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 36(2009) no.1, S.62-63 (K. La Barre): "This special issue of Axiomathes presents an ambitious dual agenda. It attempts to highlight aspects of facet analysis (as used in LIS) that are shared by cognate approaches in philosophy, psychology, linguistics and computer science. Secondarily, the issue aims to attract others to the study and use of facet analysis. The authors represent a blend of lifetime involvement with facet analysis, such as Vickery, Broughton, Beghtol, and Dahlberg; those with well developed research agendas such as Tudhope, and Priss; and relative newcomers such as Gnoli, Cheti and Paradisi, and Slavic. Omissions are inescapable, but a more balanced issue would have resulted from inclusion of at least one researcher from the Indian school of facet theory. Another valuable addition might have been a reaction to the issue by one of the chief critics of facet analysis. Potentially useful, but absent, is a comprehensive bibliography of resources for those wishing to engage in further study, that now lie scattered throughout the issue. Several of the papers assume relative familiarity with facet analytical concepts and definitions, some of which are contested even within LIS. Gnoli's introduction (p. 127-130) traces the trajectory, extensions and new developments of this analytico- synthetic approach to subject access, while providing a laundry list of cognate approaches that are similar to facet analysis. This brief essay and the article by Priss (p. 243-255) directly addresses this first part of Gnoli's agenda. Priss provides detailed discussion of facet-like structures in computer science (p. 245- 246), and outlines the similarity between Formal Concept Analysis and facets. This comparison is equally fruitful for researchers in computer science and library and information science. By bridging into a discussion of visualization challenges for facet display, further research is also invited. Many of the remaining papers comprehensively detail the intellectual heritage of facet analysis (Beghtol; Broughton, p. 195-198; Dahlberg; Tudhope and Binding, p. 213-215; Vickery). Beghtol's (p. 131-144) examination of the origins of facet theory through the lens of the textbooks written by Ranganathan's mentor W.C.B. Sayers (1881-1960), Manual of Classification (1926, 1944, 1955) and a textbook written by Mills A Modern Outline of Classification (1964), serves to reveal the deep intellectual heritage of the changes in classification theory over time, as well as Ranganathan's own influence on and debt to Sayers.
Several of the papers are clearly written as primers and neatly address the second agenda item: attracting others to the study and use of facet analysis. The most valuable papers are written in clear, approachable language. Vickery's paper (p. 145-160) is a clarion call for faceted classification and facet analysis. The heart of the paper is a primer for central concepts and techniques. Vickery explains the value of using faceted classification in document retrieval. Also provided are potential solutions to thorny interface and display issues with facets. Vickery looks to complementary themes in knowledge organization, such as thesauri and ontologies as potential areas for extending the facet concept. Broughton (p. 193-210) describes a rigorous approach to the application of facet analysis in the creation of a compatible thesaurus from the schedules of the 2nd edition of the Bliss Classification (BC2). This discussion of exemplary faceted thesauri, recent standards work, and difficulties encountered in the project will provide valuable guidance for future research in this area. Slavic (p. 257-271) provides a challenge to make faceted classification come 'alive' through promoting the use of machine-readable formats for use and exchange in applications such as Topic Maps and SKOS (Simple Knowledge Organization Systems), and as supported by the standard BS8723 (2005) Structured Vocabulary for Information Retrieval. She also urges designers of faceted classifications to get involved in standards work. Cheti and Paradisi (p. 223-241) outline a basic approach to converting an existing subject indexing tool, the Nuovo Soggetario, into a faceted thesaurus through the use of facet analysis. This discussion, well grounded in the canonical literature, may well serve as a primer for future efforts. Also useful for those who wish to construct faceted thesauri is the article by Tudhope and Binding (p. 211-222). This contains an outline of basic elements to be found in exemplar faceted thesauri, and a discussion of project FACET (Faceted Access to Cultural heritage Terminology) with algorithmically-based semantic query expansion in a dataset composed of items from the National Museum of Science and Industry indexed with AAT (Art and Architecture Thesaurus). This paper looks to the future hybridization of ontologies and facets through standards developments such as SKOS because of the "lightweight semantics" inherent in facets.
Two of the papers revisit the interaction of facets with the theory of integrative levels, which posits that the organization of the natural world reflects increasingly interdependent complexity. This approach was tested as a basis for the creation of faceted classifications in the 1960s. These contemporary treatments of integrative levels are not discipline-driven as were the early approaches, but instead are ontological and phenomenological in focus. Dahlberg (p. 161-172) outlines the creation of the ICC (Information Coding System) and the application of the Systematifier in the generation of facets and the creation of a fully faceted classification. Gnoli (p. 177-192) proposes the use of fundamental categories as a way to redefine facets and fundamental categories in "more universal and level-independent ways" (p. 192). Given that Axiomathes has a stated focus on "contemporary issues in cognition and ontology" and the following thesis: "that real advances in contemporary science may depend upon a consideration of the origins and intellectual history of ideas at the forefront of current research," this venue seems well suited for the implementation of the stated agenda, to illustrate complementary approaches and to stimulate research. As situated, this special issue may well serve as a bridge to a more interdisciplinary dialogue about facet analysis than has previously been the case."
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International yearbook of library and information management : 2001/2002 information services in an electronic environment (2001)
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- Date
- 25. 3.2003 13:22:23
-
Organizing the Internet (2004)
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- Abstract
- The theme of "Organizing the Internet" brings to mind the late 1950s folk-rock singer Jimmie Rodgers's song titled "The World I Used to Know." A great many developments have transpired in the world of information science since the seminal works of S. C. Bradford, Claude Shannon, Vannevar Bush, and numerous other pioneers. To those of us who have been in the information science field for several decades, the peek-a-boo devices such as Termatrex, Mortimer Taube's Uniterm cards, and discussion of pre- and postcoordinate indexing have given way to the world of browsers, HTML, XML, and numerous other ways of coding text and multimedia. The Internet and the World Wide Web have had a profound impact on how we go about storing and retrieving information. Document integrity has become transient, with little assurance that the location, existence, or even the content of a publication will be the same tomorrow as even a few minutes ago. We are often hard-pressed to determine if the failure to retrieve a publication is one associated with network infrastructure or the publisher. The dream of universal bibliographic control seems quite remote. By being able to bypass traditional publication channels, anyone can publish virtually at will. The situation becomes more chaotic when we consider the increasing redundancy of knowledge and the rampant proliferation of misinformation and disinformation, to say nothing of social concerns with pornography, copyright violations, and other flagrant obtrusions into personal rights. Nevertheless, it behooves the information worker and the information user to make some sense of order if good information is to remain the basis of learning and decision making, and if documents are to continue as an archive of human knowledge.
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: World Libraries on the Information Superhighway: Internet-based Library Services (John Carlo) - Gateways to the Internet: Finding Quality Information on the Internet (Adrienne Franco) - Access in a Networked World: Scholars Portal in Context (Jerry D. Campbell) - Government Information on the Internet (Greg R. Notess) - Creating the Front Door to Government: A Case Study of the Firstgov Portal (Patricia Diamond Fletcher) - The Invisible Web: Uncovering Sources Search Engines Can't See," Chris Sherman and Gary Price) - Web Search: Emerging Patterns (Amanda Spink) - Copyright Law and Organizing the Internet (Rebecca P. Butler) - A Survey of Metadata Research for Organizing the Web (Jane L. Hunter) - Can Document-genre Metadata Improve Information Access to Large Digital Collections? (Kevin Crowston and Barbara H. Kwasnik) - Web-based Organizational Tools and Techniques in Support of Learning (Don E. Descy)
-
Pioneers in library and information science (2004)
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- Abstract
- Underlying this collection of papers is a belief in the value of history in helping us to achieve a reasonably full understanding of current trends of development in what we might call society's "knowledge apparatus" and in the institutional arrangements to which libraries and information services are central. Such a historically based understanding presents a richer, more considered context for planning for the future than would otherwise be possible. I am intrigued by the paradox that history is only in part about the past. History provides us with a way to think about the present and the future. Because we can never know it directly, it is actually constituted and reconstituted by what we bring to it from our ever-changing presents. It offers the opportunity to question both simplistic descriptions and quick and easy explanations of what seems to be happening, what seems to be the case in the present. It also offers the opportunity from the ever-changing perspective of the present to go back to reassess what seems to have happened, what seems to have been the case in the past and how it has influenced the present. It is this dialectical process that keeps history as a discipline always unfinished and alive.
- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: Information Science at the University of California at Berkeley in the 1960s: A Memoir of Student Days (Marcia J. Bates) - Exploring New Approaches to the Organization of Knowledge: The Subject Classification of James Duff Brown (Clare Beghtol) - The Lady and the Antelope: Suzanne Briet's Contribution to the French Documentation Movement (Mary Niles Maack) - The Most Influential Paper Gerard Salton Never Wrote (David Dubin) - The Art and Science of Classification: Phyllis Allen Richmond,1921-1997 (Kathryn La Barre) - 'A Brilliant Mind': Margaret Egan and Social Epistemology (Jonathan Furner) - Social Epistemology from Jesse Shera to Steve Fuller (Tarcisio Zandonade) - Foster Mohrhardt: Connecting the Traditional World of Libraries and the Emerging World of Information Science (Melissa H. Cragin) - The Role of the State in the Organization of Statewide Library Service: Essae M. Culver, Louisiana's First State Librarian (Florence M. Jumonville) - Cornelia Marvin and Mary Frances Isom: Leaders of Oregon's Library Movement (Cheryl Gunselman) - National Planning for Public Library Service: The Work and Ideas of Lionel McColvin (Alistair Black) - Effie Louise Power: Librarian, Educator, Author (Melanie A. Kimball, Christine A. Jenkins, and Betsy Hearne) - Frances Henne and the Development of School Library Standards (Diane D. Kester and Plummer Alston Jones, Jr.) - Professionalizing Library Education, the California Connection: James Gillis, Everett Perry, and Joseph Daniels (Debra Gold Hansen)
-
Flusser, V.: Vilém Flusser (2003)
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- LCSH
- Philosophy, Modern / 20th century
- Subject
- Philosophy, Modern / 20th century
-
Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005)
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- Classification
- 006.7 22
- Date
- 7. 3.2007 19:30:22
- DDC
- 006.7 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."
-
Seminario FRBR : Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records: reguisiti funzionali per record bibliografici, Florence, 27-28 January 2000, Proceedings (2000)
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- Content
- Enthält u.a.: Grimaldi, T.: The object of cataloguing; Byrum, J.D., O.M.A. Madison: Reflections an the goals, concepts and recommendations of the IFLA study an Functional Requirements of Bibliographic Records;
- Date
- 29. 8.2005 12:54:22
-
National Seminar on Classification in the Digital Environment : Papers contributed to the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment, Bangalore, 9-11 August 2001 (2001)
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- Date
- 2. 1.2004 10:35:22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Knowledge organization 30(2003) no.1, S.40-42 (J.-E. Mai): "Introduction: This is a collection of papers presented at the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment held in Bangalore, India, an August 9-11 2001. The collection contains 18 papers dealing with various issues related to knowledge organization and classification theory. The issue of transferring the knowledge, traditions, and theories of bibliographic classification to the digital environment is an important one, and I was excited to learn that proceedings from this seminar were available. Many of us experience frustration an a daily basis due to poorly constructed Web search mechanisms and Web directories. As a community devoted to making information easily accessible we have something to offer the Web community and a seminar an the topic was indeed much needed. Below are brief summaries of the 18 papers presented at the seminar. The order of the summaries follows the order of the papers in the proceedings. The titles of the paper are given in parentheses after the author's name. AHUJA and WESLEY (From "Subject" to "Need": Shift in Approach to Classifying Information an the Internet/Web) argue that traditional bibliographic classification systems fall in the digital environment. One problem is that bibliographic classification systems have been developed to organize library books an shelves and as such are unidimensional and tied to the paper-based environment. Another problem is that they are "subject" oriented in the sense that they assume a relatively stable universe of knowledge containing basic and fixed compartments of knowledge that can be identified and represented. Ahuja and Wesley suggest that classification in the digital environment should be need-oriented instead of subjectoriented ("One important link that binds knowledge and human being is his societal need. ... Hence, it will be ideal to organise knowledge based upon need instead of subject." (p. 10)).
AHUJA and SATIJA (Relevance of Ranganathan's Classification Theory in the Age of Digital Libraries) note that traditional bibliographic classification systems have been applied in the digital environment with only limited success. They find that the "inherent flexibility of electronic manipulation of documents or their surrogates should allow a more organic approach to allocation of new subjects and appropriate linkages between subject hierarchies." (p. 18). Ahija and Satija also suggest that it is necessary to shift from a "subject" focus to a "need" focus when applying classification theory in the digital environment. They find Ranganathan's framework applicable in the digital environment. Although Ranganathan's focus is "subject oriented and hence emphasise the hierarchical and linear relationships" (p. 26), his framework "can be successfully adopted with certain modifications ... in the digital environment." (p. 26). SHAH and KUMAR (Model for System Unification of Geographical Schedules (Space Isolates)) report an a plan to develop a single schedule for geographical Subdivision that could be used across all classification systems. The authors argue that this is needed in order to facilitate interoperability in the digital environment. SAN SEGUNDO MANUEL (The Representation of Knowledge as a Symbolization of Productive Electronic Information) distills different approaches and definitions of the term "representation" as it relates to representation of knowledge in the library and information science literature and field. SHARADA (Linguistic and Document Classification: Paradigmatic Merger Possibilities) suggests the development of a universal indexing language. The foundation for the universal indexing language is Chomsky's Minimalist Program and Ranganathan's analytico-synthetic classification theory; Acording to the author, based an these approaches, it "should not be a problem" (p. 62) to develop a universal indexing language.
SELVI (Knowledge Classification of Digital Information Materials with Special Reference to Clustering Technique) finds that it is essential to classify digital material since the amount of material that is becoming available is growing. Selvi suggests using automated classification to "group together those digital information materials or documents that are "most similar" (p. 65). This can be attained by using Cluster analysis methods. PRADHAN and THULASI (A Study of the Use of Classification and Indexing Systems by Web Resource Directories) compare and contrast the classificatory structures of Google, Yahoo, and Looksmart's directories and compare the directories to Dewey Decimal Classification, Library of Congress Classification and Colon Classification's classificatory structures. They find differentes between the directories' and the bibliographic classification systems' classificatory structures and principles. These differentes stem from the fact that bibliographic classification systems are used to "classify academic resources for the research community" (p. 83) and directories "aim to categorize a wider breath of information groups, entertainment, recreation, govt. information, commercial information" (p. 83). NEELAMEGHAN (Hierarchy, Hierarchical Relation and Hierarchical Arrangement) reviews the concept of hierarchy and the formation of hierarchical structures across a variety of domains. NEELAMEGHAN and PRADAD (Digitized Schemes for Subject Classification and Thesauri: Complementary Roles) demonstrate how thesaural relationships (NT, BT, and RT) can be applied to a classification scheme, the Colon Classification in this Gase. NEELAMEGHAN and ASUNDI (Metadata Framework for Describing Embodied Knowledge and Subject Content) propose to use the Generalized Facet Structure framework which is based an Ranganathan's General Theory of Knowledge Classification as a framework for describing the content of documents in a metadata element set for the representation of web documents. CHUDAMANI (Classified Catalogue as a Tool for Subject Based Information Retrieval in both Traditional and Electronic Library Environment) explains why the classified catalogue is superior to the alphabetic cata logue and argues that the same is true in the digital environment.
PARAMESWARAN (Classification and Indexing: Impact of Classification Theory an PRECIS) reviews the PRECIS system and finds that "it Gould not escape from the impact of the theory of classification" (p. 131). The author further argues that the purpose of classification and subject indexing is the same and that both approaches depends an syntax. This leads to the conclusion that "there is an absolute syntax as the Indian theory of classification points out" (p. 131). SATYAPAL and SANJIVINI SATYAPAL (Classifying Documents According to Postulational Approach: 1. SA TSAN- A Computer Based Learning Package) and SATYAPAL and SANJIVINI SATYAPAL (Classifying Documents According to Postulational Approach: 2. Semi-Automatic Synthesis of CC Numbers) present an application to automate classification using a facet classification system, in this Gase, the Colon Classification system. GAIKAIWARI (An Interactive Application for Faceted Classification Systems) presents an application, called SRR, for managing and using a faceted classification scheme in a digital environment. IYER (Use of Instructional Technology to Support Traditional Classroom Learning: A Case Study) describes a course an "Information and Knowledge Organization" that she teaches at the University at Albany (SUNY). The course is a conceptual course that introduces the student to various aspects of knowledge organization. GOPINATH (Universal Classification: How can it be used?) lists fifteen uses of universal classifications and discusses the entities of a number of disciplines. GOPINATH (Knowledge Classification: The Theory of Classification) briefly reviews the foundations for research in automatic classification, summarizes the history of classification, and places Ranganathan's thought in the history of classification.
Discussion The proceedings of the National Seminar an Classification in the Digital Environment give some insights. However, the depth of analysis and discussion is very uneven across the papers. Some of the papers have substantive research content while others appear to be notes used in the oral presentation. The treatments of the topics are very general in nature. Some papers have a very limited list of references while others have no bibliography. No index has been provided. The transfer of bibliographic knowledge organization theory to the digital environment is an important topic. However, as the papers at this conference have shown, it is also a difficult task. Of the 18 papers presented at this seminar an classification in the digital environment, only 4-5 papers actually deal directly with this important topic. The remaining papers deal with issues that are more or less relevant to classification in the digital environment without explicitly discussing the relation. The reason could be that the authors take up issues in knowledge organization that still need to be investigated and clarified before their application in the digital environment can be considered. Nonetheless, one wishes that the knowledge organization community would discuss the application of classification theory in the digital environment in greater detail. It is obvious from the comparisons of the classificatory structures of bibliographic classification systems and Web directories that these are different and that they probably should be different, since they serve different purposes. Interesting questions in the transformation of bibliographic classification theories to the digital environment are: "Given the existing principles in bibliographic knowledge organization, what are the optimum principles for organization of information, irrespectively of context?" and "What are the fundamental theoretical and practical principles for the construction of Web directories?" Unfortunately, the papers presented at this seminar do not attempt to answer or discuss these questions."
-
Covert and overt : recollecting and connecting intelligence service and information science (2005)
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- Classification
- 327.12 22
- Content
- Intelligence work and the information professions / Robert S. Taylor -- Spies of the airwaves / Norman Horrocks -- Intelligence work and information science : two men in a boat / David Batty -- The intelligence game : seeing is believing? / Robert Lee Chartrand -- Applications of information science to U.S. naval intelligence and narcotics intelligence, 1974-1992 / Emil Levine -- A life in the information trade / Charles T. Meadow -- Information management in MI5 before the age of the computer / Alistair Black and Rodney Brunt -- Some aspects of indexing in British intelligence, 1939-1945 / Rodney Brunt -- Intelligence agencies, librarians, and information scientists / Colin Burke -- Historical note on information science in wartime : pioneer documentation activities in World War II / Pamela Spence Richards -- Technology for open source government information and business intelligence / George L. Marling -- Knowledge transfer : information science shapes intelligencein the cold war era / Lee S. Strickland -- The information science and intelligence literature : an overview / Robert V. Williams -- Defining what information science is or should be : a survey and review of a half-century of published pronouncements / Ben-Ami Lipetz -- Wanted : a definition of "intelligence" / Michael Warner -- Evidence and inference in foreign intelligence / Maurice H. Hellner -- The zoo and the jungle : a comparison of the information practices of intelligence analysts and of scientists / Harold Wooster.
- DDC
- 327.12 22
- Footnote
- Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.303-305 (L. Hayden): "Part history and part call to action, Covert and Overt examines the relationship between the disciplines of intelligence service and information science. The book is significant in that it captures both the rich history of partnership between the fields, and because it demonstrates clearly the incomplete nature of our understanding of that partnership. In the post-9/11 world, such understanding is increasingly important, as we struggle with the problem of transforming information into intelligence and intelligence into effective policy. Information science has an important role to play in meeting these challenges, but the sometimesambiguous nature of the field combined with similar uncertainties over what constitutes intelligence, makes any attempt at definitive answers problematic. The book is a collection of works from different contributors, in the words of one editor "not so much a created work as an aggregation" (p. 1). More than just an edited collection of papers, the book draws from the personal experiences of several prominent information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals from World War II onward. The result is a book that feels very personal and at times impassioned. The contributors attempt to shed light on an often-closed community of practice, a discipline that depends simultaneously on access to information and on secrecy. Intelligence, like information science, is also a discipline that finds itself increasingly attracted to and dependent upon technology, and an underlying question of the book is where and how technology benefits intelligence (as opposed to only masking more fundamental problems of process and analysis and providing little or no actual value).
The role of technology in both intelligence and information science is just one question explored in Covert and Overt, which takes on more fundamental issues as well. Even the ubiquitous "What is information?" debate is revisited. But the questions asked are always subordinate to the overarching theme of bringing concepts and techniques of intelligence and information science together and examining the results. The process and lifecycle of intelligence is explored and mapped to information science methods, primarily indexing and information retrieval. In more historical explorations undertaken by contributors, it becomes apparent that intelligence and information science have always been closely aligned, but that this alignment is not always perceived by those engaged in intelligence work. Interestingly, and probably not surprisingly, a general consensus seems to be that library and information science practitioners involved in intelligence were (and are) more capable of seeing the complementary nature of the techniques information science brings to intelligence services than many intelligence professionals, who often needed demonstrations of efficacy to be convinced. Structurally, the book is divided into four parts, moving from anecdotal accounts through to discussions of definition and theory. Part 1, "Information Science and Intelligence: Reminiscences and Reflections from World War II to Today" is comprised of the personal stories of information scientists who also served as intelligence professionals at various times during and since World War II, collected from special panel presentations at the 2001 and 2002 American Society for Information Science and Technology (ASIS&T) annual conferences. These contributors include former American and British servicemen and intelligence officers who all relate a common experience of dealing with information, documents, and other records in the pursuit of intelligence goals.
This book is a successful and realistic examination of the current state of inquiry into the relationship between intelligence and information science, and does not flinch from the limits of this inquiry to date. The book can be viewed as a deliberate attempt to stimulate further interest in these studies, and serves as an excellent roadmap for future researchers (like this reviewer) who also have moved from intelligence service into information science. Many of the stories and studies in the book could easily provide fresh and vital avenues of research to new and veteran scholars. If there are limitations to the impact of the book, most must be viewed in the context of the lack of literature from which to draw. Contributions come from a variety of sources and although some new studies are included, for the most part, the chapters are not original to this publication. This results at times in a sense of the editors taking what they could get on the topic. The reader must determine whether this is viewed as a flaw or as reinforcement of the editors' conclusion that more research into the subject matter is important and necessary. It becomes a question of whether or not one wishes to answer the call. One interesting limitation, however, is the lack of a critical stance on the part of most of the contributors. The chapters tend to describe the relationship between intelligence and information science, but few question the nature of that relationship, the social construction of the two disciplines, or moral and ethical concerns associated with spying and information operations. In general, a reader is left with the impression that intelligence service is a good thing, and that information science as a discipline can both improve it as well as learn from it. Little insight is offered into the value and direction of intelligence in the 21 st century, or the impact that our technologies may have. One exception comes from Colin Burke who, in his chapter, "Intelligence Agencies, Librarians, and Information Scientists," touches on some of these issues with his claim that library and information science practitioners must "help bring the information advances from the intelligence communities to an industry that can be committed to distributing information at the lowest cost to the most people" (p. 112). Nevertheless, no serious questions regarding issues of control, power, or resistance are raised. Given recent debates over surveillance, privacy, and the erosion of civil liberties in the wake of 9-11, it would seem that this is an area of intelligence and information studies that also deserves attention. Covert and Overt is an excellent historical overview of the close relationship between intelligence and information science. The book is also intriguing and timely in its argument for further research and study into these areas. Despite the limitations of subject matter and the challenges that come with the disciplines that it explores, it is required reading for practitioners in either world who wish to gain a greater understanding of the operations of the other."
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Tendencias de investigación en organización del conocimiento : IV Cologuio International de Ciencas de la Documentación ; VI Congreso del Capitulo Espanol de ISKO = Trends in knowledge organization research (2003)
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- Content
- Enthält u.a. die Beiträge: Hjoerland, B.: Fundamentals of knowledge organization. - Rowland, J.: From shelf arrangements to web searching: a journey through knowledge organization. - Campos, M.L. de A., Machado Campos, M.L.: Principios para a modelizacao de dominios de conhecimento:estudo comparativo entre abordagens da cienca da informacao, cienca da computacao e teoria da terminologia [Modelling knowledge domains: a comparative study based an information science, compution science and theory of terminology]. - Carsen, T, Garciá, H., Mabragana, C., Manzanos, N.: Modelo de descripción documental basado en el paradigma de objetos [Documentary description model based an the object paradigm]. - Fernandez Cano, A., Vallejo Ruiz, M., Torralbo Rodriguez, M.: Reconsiderando los modelos de Price [Reconsidering Price's modes]. - Fernandez-Pampillon Cesteros, A., Fernandez Valmayor, A., Lopez Alfonso, C.: Representacion y organizacion del conocimiento lexico: de) modelo de datos de Hipertexto al modelo HiperRed [Representing and organising lexical knowledge: from the Hypertext data model to the HyperNet data model]. - Fourie, I.: A theoretical model for studying Web information seeking/searching behaviour. - Francu, V: A linguistic approach to information languages. - Gabriele, G.: La classificacion de la filosofia: el sistema decimal de Dewey a la luz de los sistemas de classificacion de F. Bacon y l'Encyclopedie [The classification of Philosophy: the Dewey decimal system by the light of the F. Bacon's and the Encyclopedie classification systems. - Glazier, J.D., Glazier, R.R.: Cultural roots of modern classification. - Marzal Garcia-Quismondo, M.A., Beltran Orenes, P: Las bases cientificas de la informacion ante una nueva sociedad [Scientific basis of information in a new society]. - Odaisa Espinheiro de Oliveiro, M.: El lenguaje en la interrelacion con la representacion del conocimiento [The language in the interelation with knowledge representation]. - Orom, A.: Paradigmas y visiones del mundo en la organization fel conocimiento dentro del campo del arte [Paradigms and World Views in the Knowledge Organization in the domain art]. - Rafferty, P: Semiotics and image retrieval: can semiotics help our understanding of the operation of meaning in images? -
McIlwaine, I.: Current trends in Knowledge Organization research. - Lopez-Huertas, M.J.: La investigacion espanola en Organizacion del Conocimiento (1992-2001) [Spanish research in knowledge organization (1992-2001). - Bazan, C.B.: La clasificacion de los materiales documentales del Deposito Legal [Documental material classification from legal deposit legislation]. - Bosch, M.: Modelo conceptual de objetos para la representaci6n y rastreabilidad de documentos en el medio digital [Conceptual object model for representation and traceability of digital documents]. - Brufem, L.S., Breda, S.M., Nunes Silva, H., Prates, Y, Fecchio, S.M.: Organizacao do conhecimento: tendencias da producao cientifica [Knowledge organization: tendencies of the scientific production]. - Caro Castro, C., Travieso Rodriguez, C.: Encabezamientos de materia en las bibliotecas espanolas : perspectiva historica y situacion actual [Subject headings in Spanish libraries: past en present]. - Carrizo Sainero, G., Pindado Villaverde, A.M.: Propuesta de normalizacion para el tratamiento bibliografico de documentos no contemplados en la norma ISO 6901987 [How to deal with works out of the scope of ISO 690-1987: a proposal for standarization]. Knecht, A., Frigeni, M., Hernandez, A., Tedde, L.: La transcion a la democracia en Espana: el archivo emerografico del profesor Juan J. Linz (1973-1983) [Spain's democratic transition: Professor Juan J. Linz's newspaper archive (1973-1983)] - Hajdu Barat, A.: Change in the process of cognition by contemporary information technology. - Del Castillo, D., Jimenez Piano, M., L6pez de Prado, R.: EI sistema de clasificacion de la FIAF para documentos no filmicos de eine y television: cuestiones especificas de compatibilidad para la recuperaci6n de informacion en cinematografia [FIAF classification system for non-film cinema and television documents: specific issues abour compatibility for information retrieval in cinematography]. - Villar Flecha, J., Alonso Alvarez, A., Benavides Cuellar, C., Garcia Rodriguez, I., Martinez Ordas, F., Moran Suarez, M.: Elaboracion de un corpus semantico para un clasificador de textos basado en extraccion de la informacion [Semantic corpus elaboration to train an information extraction based text classifier]. - Melly, M., Mara Ferreira, S., Garcia, L., Reis, G.: Ciencas de la informacion y de la computacion: una vision integrada del diseno de sistemas virtuales de busqueda directa de informacion centrados en el usuario [Information Science and Computer Science: an integrated vision for the design of user-centered virtual systems]. - Oliveira, R.M.: A organizacao do conhecimento nas bibliotecas portuguesas [Knowledge organization in Portuguese libraries. - Osuna Alarcon, R.: Catalogos, indices e inventarios en los siglos XVIII y XIX o los antecedentes de una disciplina [Catalogues, indexes and inventories in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, or the forerunners of a discipline]. - San Segundo Manual, R.: Nueva conception de la representaci6n del conocimiento [A new conception of representation of knowledge]. - Sidhom, S., Hassoun, M.: Morpho-syntactic parsing to text mining environment: NP recognition model to knowledge visualization and information. - Aldana Montes, J.F., Moreno Vergara, N., Roldan Garcia, M.M.: La web semantica: punto de encuentro [Semantic Web: a meeting point for DB, Al and IR]. - Pereira Pinheiro da Cruz, R.A., Garcia Penalvo, F.J., Romero, L.A.: Perfiles de usuarios para la adaptatividad de interfaces web [User profiling in web interfaces adaptivity]. - Dimitri, PJ.: Evaluacion de la pertinencia de la base de datos del Instituto National de la Administracion Publica [Pertinence evaluation of the Instituto National de la Administracion Publica's database]. - Eito Brun, R.: Applicacion de tecnicas de recuperaci6n de informacion y organizacion del conocimiento en los repositorios software: tendencias y vision retrospectiva [Information retrieval and knowledge organization in software libraries: bibliographic review and historical trends]. -
Frias, J.A.: La visualizacion de la informacion bibliografica en los catalogos en linea y en entorno web: tendencias de investigacion [Visualization of bibliographic information in OPACs and web catalogues: trends of research]. - Hajdu Barat, A.: General information retrieval language dictionary in the Szechenyi National Library (Hungary). - Lloret Romero, N., Cabrera Mdndez, M., Peset Mancebo, F., Ferrer Sapena, A.: Metodologia para el desarrollo de una interfaz de usuario en entormos deprevencion de riesgos laborales [Methodology for the development of a user interface in prevention of occupational hazard environments]. Martin Rodriguez, F., Casado Candelas, M.: Organizar la recuperacion de la informacion para organizar el conocimiento: el caso practico de UBUCAT, catalogo de la Biblioteca de Universidad de Burgos [Organising the recovery of information for the organisation of knowledge: the practical case of the UBUCAT, the catalogue of the University of Burgos Library]. Moreiro, J.A., Llorens Morillo, J., Marzel Garcia-Quismondo, M.A., Vianello Osti, M., Morato Lara, J., Beltran Orenes, P, Sanchez Cuadrado, S.: Aplicacion del estandar ISO/IEC 13250-1999 a la construccion de un tesauro de verbos: estado del proyecto [Application of standard ISO/IEC 13250-1999 to the construction of a thesaurus of verbs: state of the project]. - Dill Orrico, E.G., Gonzales de Gomez, M.N., Brito, E.: El discurso metaforico y su vinculacion con grupos de investigacion a efectos de busqueda y recuperacion de informacion [The metaphorical discourse and its connection with research groups for the purposes of information searching and retrieval]. - Herrera-Viedma, E., Olvera, M., Peis, E., Porcel, C.: Revision de los sistemas de recomendaciones para la recuperacion de informacion [Review of recommender systems for information retrieval]. - Zecheru, M.: The role of the e-library in the information society / knowledge society: a romanian prospective analysis. -
Manuel Burgos, J., Galve, J., Garcia, J.: Un modelo bidimensional para la organizacion [A bidimensional model for the organization of programming knowledge]. - Miranda, A., Simeao, E.: EI concepto de masa documental y el ciclo de interaction entre recnologfa y registro del conocimiento [The concept of documentary mass and the interaction cycle between technology and the registration of the knowledge]. - Moros, A., Aplicacion de herramientas tecnologicas para la toma de decisiones en la organizacion del conocimiento, propuesta analftica del Data Warehouse [Application of technological tools for the taking of decisions in the knowledge organization, analytical proposal of the Data Warehouse]. - Munera Torres, M.T.: Investigacion sobre la incidencia de la gestion del conocimiento en las empresas de servicios de Medellin [Research about the incidence of knowledge management in the companies of services of Medellin]. - Perez Alarcon, A.: La gestion de contenidos digitales en el entorno universitario: un primer paso en la gestion del conocimiento [Digital content management in the university area: the first step to knowledge management]. Perez-Montoro Gutidrrez, M.: La propuesta epistemologica clasica en la identificacion organizacional [The classical epistomological approach an the organizational knowledge identification and representation]. - Sanz Casado, E., Martin Moreno, C., Garcia-Zorita, C., Lasturin, M.L.: Aplicacion en la gestion de bibliotecas especializadas de la interdisciplinariedad observada en la actividad cientifica [Application of the interdisciplinary observed in scientific research in specialized library management]. Triska, R.: EI proceso de generation de una base de datos para gestion del conocimiento: caracteristicas y condicionantes [The database generation process for knowledge management: characteristics and conditionals]. - Vianello Osti, M.: Reflexiones acercade la creacion de conocimiento en la World Wide Web [Reflections an the knowledge creation in the World Wide Web]. - Barrueco Cruz, J.M., Krichel, T: Subject description in the Academic Metadata Format. - Bautista, T, De Castro Martin, P, Cottereau, M., Gonz lez Sereno, E., Rfos, Y: EI tat logo de autoridades de la Red de Bibliothecas del CSIC Como herramienta de gestios del conocimiento: hacia una accesibilidad sin restricciones [CSIC Libraries authorities catalog as a knowledge management tool: towards an restricted accessibility]. - Scott Cree, J.: How friendly are UK government websites?. -
Gregory VL., Perrault, A.H., Ramirez Wohlmuth, S.: Looking from the outside in: an evidente-based model for website usability assesment. - Lichtnow, D., Caring, A., Lucas dos Anjos, P, Saldana, R., Loh, S.: Recomendaciones de documentos electronicos en discusiones on-line [Recommendations of electronic documents in online discussions]. - Lopez Yepes, A., Pdrez Agüera, J.R., Sanchez Jimenez, R.: Un modelo para el diseno de sistemas din micos de gestion de informacion multimedia [A model for dynamic multimedia information management systems design] Paganelli, C., Mounier, E.: Extraccion y representacion del conocimiento contenido en un documento tecnico [Extraction and representation of knowledge contained in a technical document]. - Naumis Pena, C.: Los orientadores de informacion para portales [Reader's advisory for websites]. - Perez Lorenzo, B., Morales Garcia, A.M., Garcia Lopez, F., Monje Jimenez, T.: La organizacfon del conocimiento en los portales de Internet: estudio de los principales proveedores de contenides [The organization of the knowledge in the portals of the main suppliers of information]. - Peset Mancebo, F., Ferrer Sapena, A., Lloret Romeno, N., Tolosa Robledo, L., Moreno Nunez, M.T, Diaz Novillo, S.: EI proyecto WinEcs: una vision practica para la implantacion de bibliotecas digitales [WinEcs project: how to implementing digital libraries]. Prieto Castro, E.: Organizacion del conocimiento de los recursos gratuitos de Internet: el caso de documentacion juridica en las bibliotecas universitarias espanolas [Knowledge management of free internet resources: law related information in academic libraries in Spain]. - Saldana, R., Teixeira Goncalez, A., Barrocco Farias, G., Branco, R.K., Lichtnow, D., Loh, S.: Captura automatica y selectiva de informaciones para bibliotecas digitales [Automatic and selective caption of information for digital libraries]. - Tramullas, J.: Clasificaciones y portales tem ticos especializados. Estudio en recursos de informacion digital sobre ciencas sociales [Classifications and specialized subject gateways. A study in social sciences digital information resources]. - Henriques, R., Worcman, K.: A experiencia do Museu da Pessoa: organizacao da memoria socialaem formato digital [The Museum of the Person's experience: social memory organization in digital Format]. Olson, H.A.: Transgressive deconstructions: feminist/postcolonial methodology for research in knowledge organization. - Brito Santana, J., Cruz Rodriguez, J.M.: Sistema informatico de soporte al analisis del discurso [The computer system for support to discourse analysis]. -
Izquierdo Alonso, M.: EI analisis de generocomo metodologia para la organizacion y representacion del conocimiento [Genre analysis for methodology of the knowledge conceptual representation and organization]. - Porras Navalon, M.P, Verdugo Alonso, M.A.: El analisis terminologico de los titulos de los articulos cientificos Como metodologia para estudiar la evolution de las construcciones sociales: el caso de la discapacidad [The terminological analysis of the titles of scientific articles as methodology to study the evolution of social constructions: the case of disability]. - Ayuso Sanchez, M.J., Ayuso Garcia, M.D.: La gestion electronica de los derechos de autor en la era digital: los proyectos de investigacion orientados hacia la ERMS (Electronic Right Managements Systems) [The electronic management of the author's rights in the digital age: from the projects of research towards to the ERMS (Electronic Right Managements Systems)]. - Frias, J.A., Villalba del Monte, R.: Contando el cuento en organizacion del conocimiento: analisis de la presentacion formal de los articulos de investigacion publicados en Espana (1990-2001) [The story of knowledge organization: analysis of the formal presenation of research articles published in Spain (1990-2001)]. - Lopez Alonso, V, Moreno Lopez, L., Martin Sänchez, F.: Desarrollo de un sistema de gestion del conocimiento cientifico para su empleo en unidades de investigacion [Development of a scientific knowledge management system to be used in research units]. - Ramos Simon, L.F.: Alternativas de circulacio de las publicaciones electronicas: propuentespara el aceso libre al conocimiento cientifico [Circulation alternatives to the scholarly electronic publishing: proposals for the free access to scientific knowledge]. - Sanchez Turrion, J.M., Garcia Penalvo, F.J., Hernandez Simon, A.A.: BiblioRef. Herramienta personal para la gestion de citas bibliograficas [BiblioRef. A personal tool for bibliographic management]. - Guimaraes, J.A.C., Fernandez-Molina, J.C.: Los aspectos eticos de la organizacion y representation del cnocimiento en la revista Knowledge Organization [Ethical aspects of knowledge organization and representation in the journal Knowledge Organization]. - Moros, A.: Influencia de los sucesos del 11 de septiembre de 2001 en la representacion y organizacion del conocimiento: aspectos eticos, politicos y sociologicos [Influences of the events of September 11th, 2001, in knowledge represenation and organization: ethical, political and sociological aspect].
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Konstruktivismus und Kognitionswissenschaft : Kulturelle Wurzeln und Ergebnisse. Heinz von Foerster gewidmet (2001)
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- Constructivism (Philosophy)
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Subject retrieval in a networked environment : Proceedings of the IFLA Satellite Meeting held in Dublin, OH, 14-16 August 2001 and sponsored by the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section and OCLC (2003)
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- Content
- Enthält die Beiträge: Devadason, F.J., N. Intaraksa u. P. Patamawongjariya u.a.: Faceted indexing application for organizing and accessing internet resources; Nicholson, D., S. Wake: HILT: subject retrieval in a distributed environment; Olson, T.: Integrating LCSH and MeSH in information systems; Kuhr, P.S.: Putting the world back together: mapping multiple vocabularies into a single thesaurus; Freyre, E., M. Naudi: MACS : subject access across languages and networks; McIlwaine, I.C.: The UDC and the World Wide Web; Garrison, W.A.: The Colorado Digitization Project: subject access issues; Vizine-Goetz, D., R. Thompson: Towards DDC-classified displays of Netfirst search results: subject access issues; Godby, C.J., J. Stuler: The Library of Congress Classification as a knowledge base for automatic subject categorization: subject access issues; O'Neill, E.T., E. Childress u. R. Dean u.a.: FAST: faceted application of subject terminology; Bean, C.A., R. Green: Improving subject retrieval with frame representation; Zeng, M.L., Y. Chen: Features of an integrated thesaurus management and search system for the networked environment; Hudon, M.: Subject access to Web resources in education; Qin, J., J. Chen: A multi-layered, multi-dimensional representation of digital educational resources; Riesthuis, G.J.A.: Information languages and multilingual subject access; Geisselmann, F.: Access methods in a database of e-journals; Beghtol, C.: The Iter Bibliography: International standard subject access to medieval and renaissance materials (400-1700); Slavic, A.: General library classification in learning material metadata: the application in IMS/LOM and CDMES metadata schemas; Cordeiro, M.I.: From library authority control to network authoritative metadata sources; Koch, T., H. Neuroth u. M. Day: Renardus: Cross-browsing European subject gateways via a common classification system (DDC); Olson, H.A., D.B. Ward: Mundane standards, everyday technologies, equitable access; Burke, M.A.: Personal Construct Theory as a research tool in Library and Information Science: case study: development of a user-driven classification of photographs
- Footnote
- Rez. in: KO 31(2004) no.2, S.117-118 (D. Campbell): "This excellent volume offers 22 papers delivered at an IFLA Satellite meeting in Dublin Ohio in 2001. The conference gathered together information and computer scientists to discuss an important and difficult question: in what specific ways can the accumulated skills, theories and traditions of librarianship be mobilized to face the challenges of providing subject access to information in present and future networked information environments? The papers which grapple with this question are organized in a surprisingly deft and coherent way. Many conferences and proceedings have unhappy sessions that contain a hodge-podge of papers that didn't quite fit any other categories. As befits a good classificationist, editor I.C. McIlwaine has kept this problem to a minimum. The papers are organized into eight sessions, which split into two broad categories. The first five sessions deal with subject domains, and the last three deal with subject access tools. The five sessions and thirteen papers that discuss access in different domains appear in order of in creasing intension. The first papers deal with access in multilingual environments, followed by papers an access across multiple vocabularies and across sectors, ending up with studies of domain-specific retrieval (primarily education). Some of the papers offer predictably strong work by scholars engaged in ongoing, long-term research. Gerard Riesthuis offers a clear analysis of the complexities of negotiating non-identical thesauri, particularly in cases where hierarchical structure varies across different languages. Hope Olson and Dennis Ward use Olson's familiar and welcome method of using provocative and unconventional theory to generate meliorative approaches to blas in general subject access schemes. Many papers, an the other hand, deal with specific ongoing projects: Renardus, The High Level Thesaurus Project, The Colorado Digitization Project and The Iter Bibliography for medieval and Renaissance material. Most of these papers display a similar structure: an explanation of the theory and purpose of the project, an account of problems encountered in the implementation, and a discussion of the results, both promising and disappointing, thus far. Of these papers, the account of the Multilanguage Access to Subjects Project in Europe (MACS) deserves special mention. In describing how the project is founded an the principle of the equality of languages, with each subject heading language maintained in its own database, and with no single language used as a pivot for the others, Elisabeth Freyre and Max Naudi offer a particularly vivid example of the way the ethics of librarianship translate into pragmatic contexts and concrete procedures. The three sessions and nine papers devoted to subject access tools split into two kinds: papers that discuss the use of theory and research to generate new tools for a networked environment, and those that discuss the transformation of traditional subject access tools in this environment. In the new tool development area, Mary Burke provides a promising example of the bidirectional approach that is so often necessary: in her case study of user-driven classification of photographs, she user personal construct theory to clarify the practice of classification, while at the same time using practice to test the theory. Carol Bean and Rebecca Green offer an intriguing combination of librarianship and computer science, importing frame representation technique from artificial intelligence to standardize syntagmatic relationships to enhance recall and precision.
The papers discussing the transformation of traditional tools locate the point of transformation in different places. Some, like the papers an DDC, LCC and UDC, suggest that these schemes can be imported into the networked environment and used as a basis for improving access to networked resources, just as they improve access to physical resources. While many of these papers are intriguing, I suspect that convincing those outside the profession will be difficult. In particular, Edward O'Neill and his colleagues, while offering a fascinating suggestion for preserving the Library of Congress Subject Headings and their associated infrastructure by converting them into a faceted scheme, will have an uphill battle convincing the unconverted that LCSH has a place in the online networked environment. Two papers deserve mention for taking a different approach: both Francis Devadason and Maria Ines Cordeiro suggest that we import concepts and techniques rather than realized schemes. Devadason argues for the creation of a faceted pre-coordinate indexing scheme for Internet resources based an Deep Structure indexing, which originates in Bhattacharyya's Postulate-Based Permuted Subject Indexing and in Ranganathan's chain indexing techniques. Cordeiro takes up the vitally important role of authority control in Web environments, suggesting that the techniques of authority control be expanded to enhance user flexibility. By focusing her argument an the concepts rather than an the existing tools, and by making useful and important distinctions between library and non-library uses of authority control, Cordeiro suggests that librarianship's contribution to networked access has less to do with its tools and infrastructure, and more to do with concepts that need to be boldly reinvented. The excellence of this collection derives in part from the energy, insight and diversity of the papers. Credit also goes to the planning and forethought that went into the conference itself by OCLC, the IFLA Classification and Indexing Section, the IFLA Information Technology Section, and the Program Committee, headed by editor I.C. McIlwaine. This collection avoids many of the problems of conference proceedings, and instead offers the best of such proceedings: detail, diversity, and judicious mixtures of theory and practice. Some of the disadvantages that plague conference proceedings appear here. Busy scholars sometimes interpret the concept of "camera-ready copy" creatively, offering diagrams that could have used some streamlining, and label boxes that cut off the tops or bottoms of letters. The papers are necessarily short, and many of them raise issues that deserve more extensive treatment. The issue of subject access in networked environments is crying out for further synthesis at the conceptual and theoretical level. But no synthesis can afford to ignore the kind of energetic, imaginative and important work that the papers in these proceedings represent."
