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  • × year_i:[1990 TO 2000}
  1. Chalmers, D.J.: ¬The conscious mind : in search of a fundamental theory (1996) 0.27 
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    Abstract
    What is consciousness? How do physical processes in the brain give rise to the self-aware mind and to feelings as profoundly varied as love or hate, aesthetic pleasure or spiritual yearning? These questions today are among the most hotly debated issues among scientists and philosophers, and we have seen in recent years superb volumes by such eminent figures as Francis Crick, Daniel C. Dennett, Gerald Edelman, and Roger Penrose, all firing volleys in what has come to be called the consciousness wars. Now, in The Conscious Mind, philosopher David J. Chalmers offers a cogent analysis of this heated debate as he unveils a major new theory of consciousness, one that rejects the prevailing reductionist trend of science, while offering provocative insights into the relationship between mind and brain. Writing in a rigorous, thought-provoking style, the author takes us on a far-reaching tour through the philosophical ramifications of consciousness. Chalmers convincingly reveals how contemporary cognitive science and neurobiology have failed to explain how and why mental events emerge from physiological occurrences in the brain. He proposes instead that conscious experience must be understood in an entirely new light--as an irreducible entity (similar to such physical properties as time, mass, and space) that exists at a fundamental level and cannot be understood as the sum of its parts. And after suggesting some intriguing possibilities about the structure and laws of conscious experience, he details how his unique reinterpretation of the mind could be the focus of a new science. Throughout the book, Chalmers provides fascinating thought experiments that trenchantly illustrate his ideas. For example, in exploring the notion that consciousness could be experienced by machines as well as humans, Chalmers asks us to imagine a thinking brain in which neurons are slowly replaced by silicon chips that precisely duplicate their functions--as the neurons are replaced, will consciousness gradually fade away? The book also features thoughtful discussions of how the author's theories might be practically applied to subjects as diverse as artificial intelligence and the interpretation of quantum mechanics.
    LCSH
    Philosophy of mind
    Mind and body
    RSWK
    Philosophy of Mind
    Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
    Series
    Philosophy of mind series
    Subject
    Philosophy of Mind
    Geist / Bewusstsein / Leib-Seele-Problem
    Philosophy of mind
    Mind and body
  2. Churchland, P.M.: ¬Die Seelenmaschine : eine philosophische Reise ins Gehirn (1997) 0.21 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Wechselwirkung 19(1997) Nr.87, S.76 (W. Preßl). - Original u.d.T.: The engine of reason, the seat of the soul
    RSWK
    Gehirn / Neuronales Netz / Leib-Seele-Problem / Materialismus / Philosophy of mind (21345) (32145)
    Subject
    Gehirn / Neuronales Netz / Leib-Seele-Problem / Materialismus / Philosophy of mind (21345) (32145)
  3. Tetens, H.: Geist, Gehirn, Maschine : Philosophische Versuche über ihren Zusammenhang (1994) 0.20 
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    Abstract
    In sechs Kapiteln führt der Verfasser in das Leib-Seele-Problem ein. Das Buch beginnt mit einem Prolog, worin Tetens zwei «Gemeinplätze» miteinander kollidierten lässt: Psychische Phänomene sind einerseits prinzipiell anderer Natur als physische, stehen aber doch in kausaler Wechselbeziehung mit physischen. Da nun das menschliche Verhalten auf Grund des Energieerhaltungssatzes, wonach Energie weder plötzlich erzeugt noch vernichtet werden kann, sondern lediglich aus der einen Form in eine andere verwandelt wird, kausal geschlossen ist, kann kein nichtphysisches Phänomen menschliches Verhalten verursachen. Andererseits halten wir gleichwohl an der Wechselwirkungsthese fest. Deshalb scheint das menschliche Verhalten doch nicht kausal geschlossen zu sein. Die weiteren vier Kapitel variieren dieses Paradox unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Erlebnisgehaltes mentaler Zustände und der Philosophie der Künstlichen Intelligenz. Im letzten Kapitel - dem Nekrolog - versucht Tetens zu zeigen, dass das Problem abdankt, wenn sich unser Gebrauch psychologischer Wörter genügend naturalisiert hat: Auf die Frage «Sind mentale Zustände Teil der übrigen physischen Welt?» wäre dann nur noch eine Gegenfrage der Antwort adäquat: «Was sollten sie sonst sein?» Freilich scheinen mentale Zustände damit ihre Eigentümlichkeit gegenüber der physischen Welt und insbesondere ihren subjektiven Erlebnisgehalt zu verlieren. Auch wenn eine naturalistische Beschreibung mentaler Zustände aus der Sicht des Neurowissenschafters der einzig gangbare Weg ist, so erschöpft dieser Weg noch nicht die Bedeutung, welche wir mit dem Begriff mentaler Zustände verbinden. Es bleibt am Ende also doch die Vermutung, dass das totgesagte Problem wieder aufersteht.
    Content
    Enthält folgende Kapitel: Ein philosophischer Wegweiser durch das Leib-Seele-Problem; Philosophische Reflexionen im Lehnstuhl: was hat der Geist mit dem Gehirn zu tun?; Der Geist zum Anfassen: von Gehirnen und anderen Geistmaschinen; Abschied vom Leib-Seele-Problem. Vgl. für die Argumentationslinien: Tetens, H.: Die Rettung der mentalen Phänomene?: Eine kurze Regieanweisung für eine nicht-reduktiven Materialismus. In: Bewußtsein: philosophische Beiträge. Tagung über Geist und Bewußtsein - Zur Klärung einer strittigen Beziehung, 1994 Bad Homburg v. d. Höhe. Hrsg. S. Krämer. Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp 1996. S.155-166.
    RSWK
    Leib-Seele-Problem / Philosophy of Mind
    Leib-Seele-Problem / Geist / Gehirn / Maschine (HBZ)
    Subject
    Leib-Seele-Problem / Philosophy of Mind
    Leib-Seele-Problem / Geist / Gehirn / Maschine (HBZ)
  4. Searle, J.R.: ¬Die Wiederentdeckung des Geistes (1993) 0.18 
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    Footnote
    Originaltitel: The rediscovery of the mind. Weitere Ausgabe bei Suhrkamp (Suhrkamp-Taschenbuch ; 2550)
    RSWK
    Philosophy of Mind
    Subject
    Philosophy of Mind
  5. Huth, M.: Symbolic and sub-symbolic knowledge organization in the Computational Theory of Mind (1995) 0.16 
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    Abstract
    We sketch the historic transformation of culturally grown techniques of symbol manipulation, such as basic arithmetic in the decimal number system, to the full-fledges version of the Computational Theory of Mind. Symbol manipulation systems had been considered by Leibniz as a methodology of inferring knowledge in a secure and purely mechanical fashion. Such 'inference calculi' were considered as mer artefacts which could not possibly encompass als human knowldge acquisition. In Alan Turing's work one notices a crucial shift of perspective. The abstract mathematical states of a Turing machine (a kind of 'calculus universalis' that Leibniz was looking for) are claimed to correspond th equivalent psychological states. Artefacts are turned into faithful models of human cognition. A further step toward the Computational Theory of Mind was the physical symbol system hypothesis, contending to have found a necessary and sifficient criterion for the presence of 'intelligence' in operative mediums. This, together with Chomsky's foundational work on linguistics, led naturally to the Computational Theory of Mind as set out by Jerry Fodor and Zenon Pylshyn. We discuss problematic aspects of this theory. Then we deal with another paradigm of the Computational Theory of Mind based on network automata. This sub-symbolic paradigm seems to avoid problems occuring in symbolic computations, like the proble 'frame problem' and 'graceful degradation'
    Source
    Knowledge organization. 22(1995) no.1, S.10-17
  6. Dupré, J.: ¬The disorder of things : metaphysical foundations of the disunity of science (1993) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    The great dream of philosophers and scientists for millennia has been to give us a complete account of the order of things. A powerful articulation of such a dream in this century has been found in the idea of a unity of science. With this manifesto, John Dupre systematically attacks the ideal of scientific unity by showing how its underlying assumptions are at odds with the central conclusions of science itself. In its stead, the author gives us a metaphysics much more in keeping with what science tells us about the world. Elegantly written and compellingly argued, this provocative book will be important reading for all philosophers and scholars of science. Dupre's book is original, lucid and confident, without being eccentric, polemical or arrogant. It deserves close attention...Dupre insists that there is no general scientific method, process, or attitude...He pins down the notion of the unity of science as a form of scientism appropriate only to a Utopia or to totalitarianism. He notes that 'paradoxically, with the disunity of science comes a kind of unity of knowledge.' That is why, to my mind, this is just the kind of philosophical teaching that is needed to close the gap between the two cultures. -- John Ziman Nature The thesis of 'disorder' has revolutionary implications for the practice of science...[This book] should be read by every student of the subject as an antidote to current philosophical correctness, and it should indeed suggest to professionals that many of the fashionable empires of analytic philosophy as well as philosophy of science are not well-clothed. -- Mary Hesse International Studies in the History and Philosophy of Science
    LCSH
    Chaotic behavior in systems ; Reductionism ; Determinism (Philosophy)
    Subject
    Chaotic behavior in systems ; Reductionism ; Determinism (Philosophy)
  7. Abrahamson, J.R.: Mind, evolution, and computers (1994) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    Science deals with knowledge of the material world based on objective reality, and is under constant attack by those who need magic, that is concepts based on imagination and desire. Roger Penrose in 'The emperor's new mind' attampts to look beyond objective reality to questions concerning the machinery and method of the operation of the human mind, using the theory that computers will never be able to duplicate the human experience. Shows where Penrose is wrong by reviewing the evolution of men and computers and speculating about where computers might and might not imitate human perception. Warns against the danger of passive acceptance when respected scientists venture into the occult
    Source
    AI magazine. 15(1994) no.1, S.19-22
  8. Changeux, J.-P.; Connes, A.: Conversations on mind, matter, and mathematics (1995) 0.11 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Mathematical intelligencer 27(2005) no.4, S.48-56 (J. Petitot): "What exactly is the type of reality of mathematical ideal entities? This problem remains largely an open question. Any ontology of abstract entities will encounter certain antinomies which have been well known for centuries if not millennia. These antinomies have led the various schools of contemporary epistemology increasingly to deny any reality to mathematical ideal objects, structures, constructions, proofs, and to justify this denial philosophically, thus rejecting the spontaneous naive Platonism of most professional mathematicians. But they throw out the baby with the bath water. Contrary to such figures as Poincaré, Husserl, Weyl, Borel, Lebesgue, Veronese, Enriques, Cavaillès, Lautman, Gonseth, or the late Gödel, the dominant epistemology of mathematics is no longer an epistemology of mathematical content. For quite serious and precise philosophical reasons, it refuses to take into account what the great majority of creative brilliant mathematicians consider to be the true nature of mathematical knowledge. And yet, to quote the subtitle of Hao Wang's (1985) book Beyond Analytic Philosophy, one might well ask whether the imperative of any valid epistemology should not be "doing justice to what we know." The remarkable debate Conversations an Mind, Matter, and Mathematics between Alain Connes and JeanPierre Changeux, both scientific minds of the very first rank and professors at the College de France in Paris, takes up the old question of the reality of mathematical idealities in a rather new and refreshing perspective. To be sure, since it is designed to be accessible to a wide audience, the debate is not framed in technical terms; the arguments often employ a broad brush and are not always sufficiently developed. Nevertheless, thanks to the exceptional standing of the protagonists, the debate manages to be compelling and relevant. ...
    Conclusion The debate between Jean-Pierre Changeux and Alain Connes is one of the most interesting to take place in recent years. lt re-frames in a very up-to-date context a whole series of traditional and difficult questions from the standpoint of the knowledge and experience of two of the leading protagonists of contemporary science. To the choice presented by the neurobiologist between a Platonist ontology and a neurocognitive psychology of mathematical activity, the mathematician replies with a conception that is objective (neither ontological nor psychological) of the thoroughly consistent universe of mathematical idealities. lt is indeed in this three-sided arena that the major difficulties play themselves out. One of the great virtues of the book is to cast a spotlight an this confrontation."
  9. Bruneau, A.-P.: Geometrical patterns underlying human intelligence : implications in information retrieval (1994) 0.11 
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    Abstract
    The author argues that there are underlying structures to the mind which may be described as a from of visual intelligence. This idea favors artificial intelligence research directed in studies of geometrical patterns to cognition. He hypothezises that such patterns may be compared with geographical maps as well as topological or spatial entities present in most written languages, but especially spatially based scripts such as Chinese. A philosophical approach is employed to discuss these issues, most notably the German philosophy of Gestalt and an epistemological critique of the foundation of knowledge. He concludes such entities may provide the basis for a solid model of intelligence based on formalized, geometrical formal patterns and that this model may be used effectively in a connectionist environment
  10. Roth, G.: ¬Das Gehirn und seine Wirklichkeit : kognitive Neurobiologie und ihre philosophischen Konsequenzen (1994) 0.11 
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    LCSH
    Cognitive neuroscience / Philosophy
    Brain / Physiology / Philosophy
    Mind / brain identity theory
    RSWK
    Leib-Seele-Problem (BVB)
    Subject
    Leib-Seele-Problem (BVB)
    Cognitive neuroscience / Philosophy
    Brain / Physiology / Philosophy
    Mind / brain identity theory
  11. Creth, S.D.: ¬The information arcade : playground for the mind (1994) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    The information arcade at the main library, University of Iowa encourage and facilitates the integration of electronic information resources into the academic curriculum and into research activities. It is the result of a collaboration between librarians, faculty and computing staff. Describes how the service was set up and the services it provides
    Source
    Journal of academic librarianship. 20(1994) no.1, S.22-23
  12. Varela, F.J.; Thompson, E.; Rosch, E.: ¬The embodied mind : cognitive science and human experience (1991) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    Although the scientific study of the mind has developed rapidly, it has devoted little attention to human cognition understood as everyday lived experience. "The Embodied Mind" discusses the spontaneous and reflective dimensions of human experience. The authors argue that it is only by having a sense of common ground, between mind in science and mind in experience that our understanding of cognition can be more complete. To create this common ground they develop a dialogue between cognitive science and Buddhist meditative psychology and situate this dialogue in relation to other traditions, such as phenomenology and psychoanalysis. The dialogue proceeds in five parts. The first introduces the two partners and explains how the dialogue will develop. The second presents the computational model of mind that gave rise to cognitive science in its classical form. The authors show how this model implies that the self is fundamentally fragmented and introduce the complementary Buddhist concept of a nonunified, decentralized self. The third shows how cognitive science and Buddhist psychology provide the resources for understanding how the phenomena usually attributed to a self could arise without an actual self. The fourth presents the authors' own view of cognition as embodied action and discusses the relevance of this view for cognitive science and evolutionary theory. The fifth considers the philosophical and experiential implications of the view that cognition has no foundation or ground beyond its history of embodiment and explores these implications in relation to contemporary Western critiques of objectivism and the nonfoundationalist tradition of Buddhist philosophy.
  13. Keith, E.; Kohut, D.: Reference and bibliographic instruction : a survey of philosophy statements in LIBRAS libraries (1998) 0.10 
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    Abstract
    A 1996 survey of the 18 LIBRAS consortium libraries to find out to what degree they have achieved a synthesis between reference and bibliographic instruction. The surveyed libraries were asked 2 main items of information: a statement of philosophy on reference service and a statement of philosophy on bibliographic instruction. 11 out of 18 surveys were returned. The results indicated 2 extremes: 1. the 'teaching library,' which subsumes both services under a single philosophy and 2. the library that claims not to have any philosophies. The rest fall somewhere in between. The survey results reinforce the original belief by the researchers that philosophy statements pose problems in their construction and in their relation to day-to-day realities
  14. Penrose, R.: Schatten des Geistes : Wege zu einer neuen Physik des Bewußtseins (1995) 0.09 
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    Footnote
    Originaltitel: Shadows of the mind. Rez. in: Spektrum der Wissenschaft 1996, H.8, S.118-119 (I. Diener)
    LCSH
    Physics / Philosophy
    Subject
    Physics / Philosophy
  15. Arbour, D.; Miller, K.: ¬A long running quest for Power (1998) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Profile of UMI founded in 1938 by Eugene Power as University Microfilms, describing its progress from microfilms to ProQuest Direct, the company's latest Web based product which provides access to all its electronic databases. Dan Arbour recounts the history and philosophy of UMI, and explains production methods, the firm's structure and business strategies and current and future plans
    Source
    Information world review. 1998, no.133, S.22-23
  16. Berger, C.: Reference service : a thing of the past? (1996) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    The philosophy of reference librarian-patron public service can be traced back to the ideas of Samuel Green, a reference librarian from the 19th century. With the advent of information technology and the dramatic changes in the economic, political and social fabric of the USA, this public service philosophy seems to have lost relevance and become a thing of the past. Argues that the traditional philosophy of public service has remained vital to overall reference service despite the information technology and other societal changes
    Source
    The roles of reference librarians: today and tomorrow. Ed.: K. Low
  17. Dahlberg, I.: Historical paradigms in the philosophy of classification (1994) 0.09 
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    Source
    The economics of information. ASIS'94. Proc. 57th ASIS Annual Meeting, Alexandria, VA, Oct. 17-20, 1994. Ed.: B. Maxian
  18. Davis, L.J.: ¬The service philosophy of the academic library (1996) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Considers how the information revolution is likely to impact on the service philosophy of academic libraries. As the emphasis of academic librarianship moves away from collecting materials, the service philosophy will become a strong component of librarianship that is committed to access. In the process of transformation the library must be responsive to patron needs and all services shoul be re-evaluated. Suggests how the reference service might be reengineered in the new service environment. The new service philosophy also means that strong alliances must be formed between institutions. With careful planning, an attitude of respect, and a real commitment to service, academic librarianship can use the developments of technology to help reassert itself as a powerful and vital force in higher education
  19. Franks, J.A.: Forming a reference philosophy : the role of shared values (1998) 0.09 
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    Abstract
    Suggests that when conflicting philosophies of service exist within an academic reference department, users may receive various levels of service from different users, which may be disappointing or confusing. In order to provide service which is consistent in nature and scope, librarians need to embrace the same or very similar service philosophy, and the head of the department should lead in this endeavour. Argues that this philosophy should be based on the department's shared values, which need in turn to be articulated
    Footnote
    Part of an issue devoted to the philosophical ideas underlying reference services
  20. Philosophy of reference service (1998) 0.09 
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