Search (57 results, page 1 of 3)

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Abstract

The analytico-synthetic facet methodology (ASM) of S.R.Ranganathan (SRR) helps to improve information retrieval online and on the Internet as well. Yahoo has been foreseen in the subject/query structuring based on ASM. Data mining and discovery, the design, development, use and evaluation of object-oriented databases and knowledge organization tools (KOTs) - faceted classification schemes, thesauri, classaurus, and subject indexing languages - are well supported by ASM. The fundamental nature of SRR's contributions attest to their continuing relevance and value in information storage and retrieval in the context of developments in information technology and the Internet. His theories, postulates and normative principles anchored on the Five Laws provide a holistic integrated approach to research, development and practice in knowledge organization in particular and information science in general. These contributions provide a sound foundation and stability to KOTs. SRR had visualized a self-perpetuating classification system. Computer graphics and imaging could help the examination in three or more dimensions the architecture of subject (and the associated Strength of Bond theory) proposed by SRR and the impact of interpolation of new concepts on the structure

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Abstract

The death of Brian Vickery sees a great era of classification research coming towards an end. Born in Australia, he completed his schooling in England, before going up to Brasenose to read Chemistry just before the outbreak of the Second World War. Brian was never in the services, but after Oxford he worked as a chemist in the Royal Ordnance Factory from 1941-45. After the War he became a librarian at Imperial Chemical Industries (ICI). He was a delegate at the Royal Society Scientific Information Conference held in 1948. One of the offshoots of that conference was the formation of a small committee of scientists under the leadership of Professor J.D. Bernal, to make a study of library classification. After two years of discussions, they elicited the assistance of Jack Wells, then editor of the British National Bibliography, and Brian. They circularized a group of colleagues and convened a meeting in February 1952 which led to the formation of the Classification Research Group. As is well known, this Group, all practising librarians, were to exert a groundbreaking influence on the organization and retrieval of information.

Date

22. 7.2010 19:32:06

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Abstract

This paper reviews the career and legacy of William (Bill) Goffman, who served as a researcher, Professor, Dean and Emeritus at Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, from 1959 to 2000. Goffman pioneered mathematical information science broadly and in several key areas. First, he applied disease epidemiology concepts to model accurately the spread of knowledge and the formation of knowledge systems and their ecologies, including the dynamics of scientific discovery. Second, he proposed significant improvements in information retrieval through the deployment of multi-valued logic, appropriate file ordering, effective and efficient retrieval measures, and simplified retrieval approaches, including early work in citation-based searching. Third, Goffman applied Bradford-like distributions to model effective core research literature collection development and usage. Fourth, he developed original epidemiology models, and was an early contributor in biomedical informatics. His mathematical contributions have stood the test of time and will continue to be applicable indefinitely.

Source

Information processing and management. 44(2008) no.4, S.1634-1647

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Abstract

This note is also appearing in the Journal of the American Society for Information Systems and Technology.

Date

26.12.2007 14:22:47

Source

Information processing and management. 43(2007) no.6, S.1441-1446

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Abstract

Presents a brief account of the career of Annette Lewis Phinazee, leading up to her appointment as Dean of North Carolina Central University, School of Library and Information Sciences. Focuses on 4 examples of her contributions to cataloguing and technical services: her dissertation; her co-chairmanship of the Institute on the Use of the Library of Congress System; her involvement with the North Carolina Cataloging in Publication Institute and her work in developing the CIP system with the LoC; and her work with the Cooperative College Library Center

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Abstract

Gerard Salton is often credited with developing the vector space model (VSM) for information retrieval (IR). Citations to Salton give the impression that the VSM must have been articulated as an IR model sometime between 1970 and 1975. However, the VSM as it is understood today evolved over a longer time period than is usually acknowledged, and an articulation of the model and its assumptions did not appear in print until several years after those assumptions had been criticized and alternative models proposed. An often cited overview paper titled "A Vector Space Model for Information Retrieval" (alleged to have been published in 1975) does not exist, and citations to it represent a confusion of two 1975 articles, neither of which were overviews of the VSM as a model of information retrieval. Until the late 1970s, Salton did not present vector spaces as models of IR generally but rather as models of specific computations. Citations to the phantom paper reflect an apparently widely held misconception that the operational features and explanatory devices now associated with the VSM must have been introduced at the same time it was first proposed as an IR model.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Abstract

The article reviews the life and work of Brian Campbell Vickery, one of the major figures of British classification and information retrieval, and a scholar of international reputation. His career as librarian, researcher, and academic is described, as is the part he played in the development of information science theory in the twentieth century. Some of his most significant publications are listed, with reference to the scale and breadth of his published work overall.

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Abstract

In 1925 the Carnegie Corporation granted $50,000 to Louisiana, a state then "backward in library development," to fund a demonstration of rural public library development. Essae M. Culver, a California librarian, was chosen to direct the project. Culver arrived in Louisiana to find that the entire state needed organizing. She concluded that the parish (county) was the appropriate unit upon which to base a system of libraries and adapted California's demonstration system to the southern state's needs. Key to Culver's method was local funding after the demonstration period, and she convinced legislators to finance the state library agency. Similarly, voters concurred that their parish libraries were worth keeping, and, despite some early failures during times of flood and economic depression, parish libraries eventually were established throughout the state. Culver's demonstration method was credited with greatly influencing library development both in the United States and abroad.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Abstract

Purpose - This paper examines William Stetson Merrill, the compiler of A Code for Classifiers and a Newberry Library employee (1889-1930) in an attempt to glean lessons for modern information studies from an early librarian's career. Design/methodology/approach - Merrill's career at the Newberry Library and three editions of the code are briefly examined using historical, bibliographic, and conceptual methods. Primary and secondary sources in archives and libraries are summarized to provide insight into Merrill's attempts to develop or modify tools to solve the knowledge organization problems he faced. The concept of bricolage, developed by Levi-Strauss to explain modalities of thinking, is applied to Merrill's career. Excerpts from his works and reminisces are used to explain Merrill as a bricoleur and highlight the characteristics of bricolage. Findings - Findings show that Merrill worked collaboratively to collocate and integrate a variety of ideas from a diverse group of librarians such as Cutter, Pettee, Poole, Kelley, Rudolph, and Fellows. Bliss and Ranganathan were aware of the code but the extent to which they were influenced by it remains to be explored. Although this is an anachronistic evaluation, Merrill serves as an example of the archetypal information scientist who improvises and integrates methods from bibliography, cataloging, classification, and indexing to solve problems of information retrieval and design usable information products and services for human consumption. Originality/value - Bricolage offers great potential to information practitioners and researchers today as we continue to try and find user-centered solutions to the problems of digital information organization and services.

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Abstract

Describes the history and origins of the International Institute of Bibliography, founded in 1895 and which later became the FID. Outlines the work of Paul Otlet and his colleagues in developing the idea of universal bibliographic control through the Répertoire Bibliographique Universel and the emergence of the Universal Decimal Classification (UDC) as the means of its classifies arrangement. Stresses the key role played by this work in developing the main concepts of information science and documentation

Source

International forum on information and documentation. 22(1997) no.2, S.3-15

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Abstract

The work of the Belgian internationalist and documentalist, Paul Otlet (1868-1944), and his colleagues in Brussles, forms an important and neglected part of the history of information science. They developed a complex of organizations that are similar in important respects functionally to contemporary hypertext/hypermedia systems. These organizations effectively provided for the integration on bibliographic, image and textual databases. Chunks of text on cards or separate sheets were created according to 'the monographic principle' and their physical organization managed by the UDC, created by the Belgians from Melvil Dewey's DDC. This article discusses Otlet's concept of the Office of Documentation and, as examples of an approach to actual hypertext systems, several special Offices of Documentation set up in the International Office of Bibliography. In his Traité de Documentation of 1934, one of the first systematic treatises on what today we would call information science, Otlet speculated imaginatively about telecommunications, text-voice conversion, and what is needed in computer workstations, though of course he does not use this terminology. By assessing how the intellectual paradigm of 19th century positivism shaped Otlet's thinking, this study suggests how, despite its apparent contemporaneity, what he proposed was in fact conceptually different from the hypertext systems that have been developed or speculated about today. Such as analysis paradoxically also suggests the irony that a 'deconstructionist' reading of accounts of theses systems might find embedded in them the postivist approach to knowledge that the system designers would seem on the face of it explicitely to have repudiated

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 45(1994) no.4, S.235-250

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Date

15. 2.2007 19:00:22

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Abstract

Lionel McColvin (1896-1976) is regarded as one of the most influential figures in the history of British librarianship. In the specific context of 150 years of public librarianship in Britain, his reputation as a visionary influence is second only to that of the nineteenth-century pioneer Edward Edwards, while in the twentieth century his reputation is unsurpassed. McColvin was the major voice in the mid-twentieth-century movement to reconstruct and modernize public libraries. He is best known as author of The Public Library System of Great Britain: A Report on Its Present Condition with Proposals for Post-war Reorganization, published in 1942 at a moment of intense wartime efforts to assemble plans for social and economic reconstruction. The "McColvin Report," as it came to be termed, was a landmark in the struggle to de-Victorianize the public library, not least by emphasizing the institution's universalism and its function as a national, not just a civic, agency. This article briefly describes McColvin's notable contribution to twentieth-century librarianship, resulting from his work as a public librarian, as a leading figure in the Library Association, and as an influential player in the international library movement. The article's core aim is to offer a critical appraisal of McColvin's vision for public libraries by placing it in the context of the project to build a better postwar world. This project was defined by the conceptualization and development of a welfare state in Britain, the underlying values of which can be seen to correspond to McColvin's national plan for a rejuvenated public library system. McColvin drew on the spirit of the time to produce a plan for public libraries that was shot through with social idealism and commitment and with a confidence in the need for intervention by the state-values that perhaps provide lessons for current and future library and information policymakers and professionals.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Date

16.12.2001 14:01:22

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and technology. 52(2001) no.14, S.1197-1202

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Abstract

Free public libraries, and "modern" library methods, arrived late in the Pacific Northwest. Two individuals were particularly influential in the introduction, growth, and professionalization of library service in the state of Oregon: Cornelia Marvin (later Pierce), of the Oregon Library Commission and the Oregon State Library (1905-28), and Mary Frances Isom of the Library Association of Portland (1901-20). This article will explore their relationship as leaders and colleagues during the early years of public library service in Oregon. Isom and Marvin frequently consulted one another on professional and personal questions, supporting each other as senior leaders of their institutions and as women in positions of power. Often working together, Isom and Marvin promoted tax-supported libraries throughout Oregon and the advantages of staffing them with formally trained librarians. Between them, they established the foundations for community and government support for libraries in the state. They contributed to creating a professional support system for librarians in the region as cofounders of the Pacific Northwest Library Association and were also active in the American Library Association. Their publications, reports, and surviving correspondence provide evidence of their extensive mutual support, opinions, actions, and decisions, as well as their professional development during their years as Oregon colleagues.

Footnote

Beitrag in einem Themenheft: Pioneers in library and information science

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Source

DK-Mitteilungen. 13(1968) Nr.6, S.21-22

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Source

Mathematical intelligencer. 7(1985), S.18-22

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Date

22. 1.2016 19:11:37

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Source

Mathematical intelligencer. 20(1998) no.1, S.22-28

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Content

"Am 22. April jährte sich zum 150. Mal der Geburtstag von Henri Marie La Fontaine (1854-1943) aus Brüssel, einem der bedeutendsten europäischen Friedensaktivisten aus der ersten Hälfte des 20. Jahrhunderts, 1913 ausgezeichnet mit dem Friedensnobelpreis. Den Veteranen der Dokumentationsbewegung wird der Name auch heute noch etwas sagen, waren es doch La Fontaine und sein Freund Paul Otlet, die 1892 das Office International de Bibliographie (OIB) gründeten; getragen von der Idee einer weltweiten universalen Gesamtdokumentation. Mit der Anerkennung des OIB durch die belgische Regierung und der Gründung des Institut International de Bibliographie (IIB) im gleichen Jahr nimmt die moderne Dokumentationsbewegung ihren Lauf. Aus dem IIB wird 1931 das Institut International de Documentation (IID) und 1937 die Fédération Internationale de Documentation (FID); die Dezimalklassifikation (DK) wird zum Ordnungssystem der Universaldokumentation erklärt. Die Anerkennung und Förderung durch die belgische Regierung hatte einen realen Hintergrund. La Fontaine war seit 1894 sozialistischer Abgeordneter im belgischen Parlament - seit 1893 auch Professor für Internationales Recht in Brüssel - und hatte sich schon als junger Anwalt kompromisslos mit Fragen der Friedenserhaltung befasst. Es war nur folgerichtig, dass er zu der Erkenntnis gelangte, dass Dokumentation -und damit Information-ein notweniges und damit unverzichtbares Werkzeug zur Völkerverständigung ist. Die Beschäftigung mit der Dokumentation hat aber auch auf seine internationalen Aktivitäten zurückgewirkt. So ist die Idee zur Gründung einer Union der internationalen Organisationen (1907) bei seiner Arbeit im IIB entstanden, das "Yearbook of International Organizations" ist eine Folge davon. La Fontaine war ein überaus vielseitiger Politiker und Jurist. Die Liste seiner Interessen ist lang: Präsident des Internationalen Friedensbüros von 1907 bis an sein Lebensende, belgischer Delegierter bei Friedenskonferenzen; er befasste sich mit Fragen der Abrüstung, der Gründung eines Zusammenschlusses der Nationalstaaten wie der eines Weltgerichtshofs. Und nicht zuletzt setzte er sich für die Rechte der Frauen und den Achtstundenarbeitstag ein. Er war im wahrsten Sinne ein Initiator auf vielen Gebieten. Dass La Fontaine vergessen wurde, hat sicher viele Gründe: Viele seiner Ideen sind heute banale Wirklichkeit. Während der Zeit des nationalsozialistischen Regimes, in der sich die Dokumentation in Deutschland weitgehend formierte und die Deutsche Gesellschaft für Dokumentation 1941 entstand, war er eine Unperson, deren Namen man nicht nannte. Und schließlich: Dokumentation war für ihn nur ein Werkzeug, weder Ideologie, noch Wissenschaft, noch Geschäft, es lohnt sich, daran zu erinnern."

Source

Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis. 55(2004) H.4, S.196-197