Search (184 results, page 1 of 10)

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Abstract

Defines reference service and discusses Ranganathan's interpretation of and contribution to reference service under the following headings; development of reference service; 4 categories and holistic view of reference service; analyses of reference work and service; reference service and humanism; flair of the reference librarian; symbiosis of reference service and classification; and relevance of Ranganathan's contribution

Source

CLIS observer. 9(1992) nos.1/2, S.16-22

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Abstract

Part 2 of a two part article discussing the 'informationsvermittlung' research programme examining use of online information services in small and medium-sized companies. Focuses on the interpretation of selected economical, structural and effect-orientated results. Discusses the barriers to use of online information, qualitative effects of the programme, and the economic effects and efficiency of the information provision units. Evaluates the effects of the programme on information intermediaries and their organizations

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Abstract

Im Gegensatz zu den Entwicklungen elektronischer Informationsdienste im Geschäftsbereich verzögerte sich der Take-off der elektronischen Konsumentendienste, aber seit 1995 befinden sich auch die Consumer Services im Boom. Soweit es um die zentrale wirtschaftliche Größe 'Umsatz' geht, wurden diese Entwicklungen bislang nicht von der Marktforschung erfaßt. Erstmalig wurden in den jährlichen Umsatzerhebungen des Institute for Information Economics auch die Anbieter elektronischer Konsumentendienste sowie die Internetanbieter im Internet einbezogen. Damit wird erstmalig eine fundierte Schätzung der Größe des Gesamtmarktes für elektronische Informationsdienste für geschäftliche und private Zwecke möglich. Die Interpretation der gewonnenen Ergebnisse führt zu Einsichten, die nach dem Stand der öffentlichen Diskussion zum Teil überraschen

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Abstract

Discusses the library as a model for the design of information provision in the workplace where information searching is part of decision making tasks. Special emphasis is placed on the role of information in facililitating cooperation and communication in the workplace, with examples from fieldwork in manufacturing and construction industries. A specific application of multimedia, People and Information Finder, is considered in some detail as it provides a rich information environment for information gathering, interpretation of the information found as well as communication and dissemnination of the results. The role of multimedia technologies in achieving effective information provision is also discussed with reference to its potential for revealing the social and organisational contexts of user tasks and activities. Concludes that effective information provision of libraries in the workplace also includes considerations of their contribution to the more general notion of information services in the workplace

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Abstract

Drawing upon existing research and previous attempts at modeling the information-seeking behavior of specific professional groups, this article posits an original model of information seeking that is applicable to all professionals. The model was developed through a careful analysis and interpretation of empirical studies on the information habits and practices of three groups: engineers, health care professionals, and lawyers. The general model and its six major components are presented in detail. These six components are (1) work roles, (2) associated tasks, and (3) characteristics of information needs and three factors affecting information seeking: (4) awareness, (5) sources, and (6) outcomes. In turn, each component contains a number of variables that are described with examples from the literature. The complexity of the information-seeking process is conceptualized in terms of the interaction and simultaneous occurrence of the model's components and variables, including a feedback mechanism. The article concludes with suggestions as to the potential usefulness of the model.

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Abstract

The user-centered approach to information retrieval emphasizes the importance of a user model in determining what information will be most useful to a particular user, given their context. Mediated search provides an opportunity to elaborate on this idea, as an intermediary's elicitations reveal what aspects of the user model they think are worth inquiring about. However, empirical evidence is divided over whether intermediaries actually work to develop a broadly conceived user model. Our research revisits the issue in a web research services setting, whose characteristics are expected to result in more thorough user modeling on the part of intermediaries. Our empirical study confirms that intermediaries engage in rich user modeling. While intermediaries behave differently across settings, our interpretation is that the underlying user model characteristics that intermediaries inquire about in our setting are applicable to other settings as well.

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Abstract

In this paper, made tip of parts 1 and 11, we investigate the complex relationships between knowledge, information and activity in order to study how a system of activity assistance can help the actor to solve his information problems. Through the example of the completion of a pharmacy thesis, we have tried, in part 1, to describe, schematize and model the successive phases that make up the whole of this activity. Our method of observation and analysis combined the observation of two students preparing their pharmacy theses, the reading of five theses and the reading of six books. We thus propose in a table form, a modelling outline that presents the sequential succession of the ten operational phases describing the completion of a pharmacy thesis following a chronological order: (1) Subject definition, (2) Documentary research, (3) Documents analysis, (4) Conceiving of the experimental strategy, (5) Experimentation, (6) Results interpretation, (7) Writing of the thesis, (8) Administrative procedures, (9) Preparation of the viva, (10) Viva. The table also presents the succession of the structural, operational, material and human elements: Referents of the activity, Subject of the activity, Location of the activity, Identification of the operations, Handled objects, and Actors. We have refined the activity analysis by drawing up a structured list, showing the organization of the terms related to the different operational phases. This work is presented in part II

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Abstract

Vignettes, or vignette-type questions have rarely been used in studies of information seeking, although in many respects the methodology is suited to studies of information behaviour. Vignettes can be described as stories, usually short, about particular characters and situations. They are generally hypothetical, but often rooted in the reality of research findings. In an interview or questionnaire survey setting respondents may be asked open or closed questions to reflect their response to the situation, to describe what could or should be done. A vignette approach was used in a small scale study of nursing professionals in the UK (Urquhart & Crane, 1994) and a similar approach used in the EVINCE project (Davies et al., 1997) to assess information seeking strategies. The technique offers advantages in that perceptions of particular information sources can be obtained in a non-threatening manner, an important point for studies of information seeking behaviour with a group such as nursing professionals who may feel very uncertain about their information retrieval skills. This paper briefly reviews the use of vignettes in social sciences and in the health sciences, for both research and educational assessment. Analysis and interpretation of vignette studies is discussed with reference to the EVINCE project findings. The way nursing knowledge is acquired and codified may affect the validity of the vignette technique for eliciting information seeking strategies.

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Abstract

Many discussions exist regarding the credibility of information on the Internet. Similar discussions happen on the interpretation of social scientific research data, for which information triangulation has been proposed as a useful method. In this article, we explore a design theory-consisting of a kernel theory, meta-requirements, and meta-designs-for software and services that triangulate Internet information. The kernel theory identifies 5 triangulation methods based on Churchman's inquiring systems theory and related meta-requirements. These meta-requirements are used to search for existing software and services that contain design features for Internet information triangulation tools. We discuss a prototyping study of the use of an information triangulator among 72 college students and how their use contributes to their opinion formation. From these findings, we conclude that triangulation tools can contribute to opinion formation by information consumers, especially when the tool is not a mere fact checker but includes the search and delivery of alternative views. Finally, we discuss other empirical propositions and design propositions for an agenda for triangulator developers and researchers. In particular, we propose investment in theory triangulation, that is, tools to automatically detect ethically and theoretically alternative information and views.

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Abstract

Die Optimierung und Erweiterung des Dienstleistungsspektrums einer Universitätsbibliothek ist ein permanenter Prozess, der insbesondere im Zuge der Entwicklung von Informationstechnologien sowie einer verstärkten Kundenorientierung deutlich an Intensität gewonnen hat. Für den Erfolg dieser Verbesserungsbestrebungen ist es entscheidend, möglichst viele alternative Entwicklungsperspektiven aufzudecken, um sich anschließend anhand objektiver Kriterien für die beste Möglichkeit zu entscheiden. Die Ermittlung innovativer Serviceangebote für Universitätsbibliotheken sowie deren zukunftsgerichtete Überprüfung und die Ableitung konkreter Handlungsempfehlungen ist Zielsetzung des DFG-Projektes ProSeBiCA (Prospektive Steuerung der Serviceangebote von wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken mittels Conjoint-Analyse), das gegenwärtig an der Universität Bielefeld in Kooperation mit der Brandenburgischen Technischen Universität Cottbus und der Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA durchgeführt wird. Die Überprüfung und Festlegung der "besten" Alternativen erfolgt dabei aus Nutzersicht. Als optimal werden diejenigen Serviceangebote angesehen, die den Nutzerbedürfnissen bestmöglich Rechnung tragen. Wichtig ist, dass keine vorhandenen Dienstleistungen unter dem Aspekt derzeitiger Nutzerzufriedenheit evaluiert, .sondern zukünftige Optionen auf ihre Vorziehenswürdigkeit bzw. ihren potenziellen Nutzen hin bewertet werden. Eine ausführliche Beschreibung des Gesamtkontextes und der Schwerpunkte des Vorhabens kann in Decker, Hermelbracht (2004) in der Mai-Ausgabe dieser Zeitschrift nachgelesen werden. Die dort beschriebene Vorgehensweise ist nicht auf die Anwendung auf Universitätsbibliotheken beschränkt, sondern auch auf andere wissenschaftliche und öffentliche Bibliotheken übertragbar. Das konkrete Anwendungsgebiet, in dessen Rahmen sich die folgenden Ausführungen bewegen, sind jedoch die Bibliotheken universitärer Einrichtungen. An dieser Stelle soll ein Überblick über die Ergebnisse des ersten Projektschrittes, der Ideengenerierungsphase, gegeben werden. Die ermittelten Serviceideen, die in einem hierfür eigens entwickelten nutzerorientierten Bibliotheksservicerahmen eingebunden sind, bilden die Grundlage für die weiteren Analysen und stellen gleichzeitig einen aktuellen Stand der nutzerbasierten Erwartungen, Wünsche und Vorstellungen über die zukünftige Entwicklung der Bibliotheksangebote dar. Als solche können sie jedem, der im Kontext der Universitätsbibliotheken handelt, sowohl auf strategischer als auch auf operativer Ebene interessante Impulse liefern. Welche dieser neuen Ideen aus Sicht der Kunden einen hohen Nutzen stiften und damit für eine Implementierung interessant sind, wird jedoch erst gegen Ende des Projektes feststehen und zum gegebenen Zeitpunkt veröffentlicht werden.

Date

22. 1.2005 18:12:01

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Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 53(2002) no.4, S.321-322 (I. Fourie): "A substantial literature exists on artificial intelligence (AI) and expert systems in general, as well as in Library and Information Science (LIS). Many reports are over-confident and grossly exaggerate the power and potential of artificial intelligence (AI). This is especially true of the first phase of At, and to some extent also of the third phase that is stimulated by developments surrounding the Internet. The middle phase was mostly marked by disillusionment about the potential of Al and expert systems. The confusion around the promises made by AI and the lack of operational success, leaves managers of library and information services with the dilemma of distinguishing between worthwhile research reporting on operational projects and projects that exists only on paper or in the researchers' heads. It is very difficult to sieve between the two when working through the subject literature, and to distinguish between working technology/applications and wishful thinking. This might be one reason why working systems are sometimes ignored. According to Lancaster and Warner, library managers must also look much wider than the LIS literature to note new trends; this can, however, become a daunting task. Against this background the authors report on a study conducted with the support of the Special Libraries Association's Steven I. Goldspiel Memorial Research Grant. The objective of the study was to gain sufficient familiarity with the developments in Al and related technologies to make recommendations to the information service community on what can be applied, and what to expect in the near future. The intention therefore was to focus on systems that are actually operational, and systems that hold potential for the future. Since digital libraries seems an inevitable part of our future, applications concerning them features strongly in the final recommendations. The scope of AI in Library and Information Science depends on the interpretation of the concepts artificial intelligence and expert systems. "If a system has to `behave intelligently' (e.g. make inferences or learn from its mistakes) to qualify as having AI, few such systems exist in any application. On the other hand, if one accepts that a system exhibits AI if its does things that humans need intelligence to do, many more systems would qualify" (p. 107). One example is the field of subject indexing. The same would apply if a more relaxed definition of expert systems is applied as a system that "can help the non-expert perform some task at a level closer to that of an expert, whether or not all the essential components are in place" (p. 107). Most of the AI literature relevant to libraries falls in the field of expert systems. Lancaster and Warner identify (p. 6) expert systems as " a branch of artificial intelligence, even though very few expert systems exhibit true intelligence.""

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Source

Zentralblatt für Bibliothekswesen. 57(1940), S.16-22

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Source

Bücherei und Bildung. 22(1970), S.63-71

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Source

Bibliothekar. 19(1965), S.15-22

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Date

17.10.1996 14:22:33

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Series

Reference librarian; no.22

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Date

20. 4.2002 17:30:22

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Date

27.12.2015 18:22:38

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Abstract

In der heutigen Zeit sollte Bibliotheksarbeit auf allen medialen Ebenen erfolgen. Insbesondere das Medium Film kann in vielen Bereichen wie der Informationsvermittlung oder der Öffentlichkeitsarbeit Verwendung finden. Dies hat aber bisher in Bibliotheken nur in geringem Umfang Anwendung gefunden. Maßgeblicher Grund hierfür sind geringe Kenntnisse um die notwendige Technik. Zur Vermittlung dieser wird im nachfolgenden Artikel vorwiegend die praktische Seite der Filmerstellung, gepaart mit den wesentlichen theoretischen Grundlagen, im Vordergrund stehen. Rechtliche Aspekte der Filmerstellung sollen an dieser Stelle mit einem Generalverweis auf die Urhebergesetzgebung Würdigung finden.

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Date

22. 1.2000 17:52:11