-
Huckstorf, A.; Petras, V.: Mind the lexical gap : EuroVoc Building Block of the Semantic Web (2011)
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- Abstract
- Ein Konferenzereignis der besonderen Art fand am 18. und 19. November 2010 in Luxemburg statt. Initiiert durch das Amt für Veröffentlichungen der Europäischen Union (http://publications.europa.eu) waren Bibliothekare und Information Professionals eingeladen, um über die Zukunft mehrsprachiger kontrollierter Vokabulare in Informationssystemen und insbesondere deren Beitrag zum Semantic Web zu diskutieren. Organisiert wurde die Konferenz durch das EuroVoc-Team, das den Thesaurus der Europäischen Union bearbeitet. Die letzte EuroVoc-Konferenz fand im Jahr 2006 statt. In der Zwischenzeit ist EuroVoc zu einem ontologie-basierten Thesaurusmanagementsystem übergegangen und hat systematisch begonnen, Semantic-Web-Technologien für die Bearbeitung und Repräsentation einzusetzen und sich mit anderen Vokabularen zu vernetzen. Ein produktiver Austausch fand mit den Produzenten anderer europäischer und internationaler Vokabulare (z.B. United Nations oder FAO) sowie Vertretern aus Projekten, die an Themen über automatische Indexierung (hier insbesondere parlamentarische und rechtliche Dokumente) sowie Interoperabilitiät zwischen Vokabularen arbeiten, statt.
- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Mayr, P.; Mutschke, P.; Petras, V.: Reducing semantic complexity in distributed digital libraries : Treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking (2008)
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- Abstract
- Purpose - The general science portal "vascoda" merges structured, high-quality information collections from more than 40 providers on the basis of search engine technology (FAST) and a concept which treats semantic heterogeneity between different controlled vocabularies. First experiences with the portal show some weaknesses of this approach which come out in most metadata-driven Digital Libraries (DLs) or subject specific portals. The purpose of the paper is to propose models to reduce the semantic complexity in heterogeneous DLs. The aim is to introduce value-added services (treatment of term vagueness and document re-ranking) that gain a certain quality in DLs if they are combined with heterogeneity components established in the project "Competence Center Modeling and Treatment of Semantic Heterogeneity". Design/methodology/approach - Two methods, which are derived from scientometrics and network analysis, will be implemented with the objective to re-rank result sets by the following structural properties: the ranking of the results by core journals (so-called Bradfordizing) and ranking by centrality of authors in co-authorship networks. Findings - The methods, which will be implemented, focus on the query and on the result side of a search and are designed to positively influence each other. Conceptually, they will improve the search quality and guarantee that the most relevant documents in result sets will be ranked higher. Originality/value - The central impact of the paper focuses on the integration of three structural value-adding methods, which aim at reducing the semantic complexity represented in distributed DLs at several stages in the information retrieval process: query construction, search and ranking and re-ranking.
- Footnote
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes "Digital libraries and the semantic web: context, applications and research".
- Theme
- Semantic Web
Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Menzel, S.; Schnaitter, H.; Zinck, J.; Petras, V.; Neudecker, C.; Labusch, K.; Leitner, E.; Rehm, G.: Named Entity Linking mit Wikidata und GND : das Potenzial handkuratierter und strukturierter Datenquellen für die semantische Anreicherung von Volltexten (2021)
0.01
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- Abstract
- Named Entities (benannte Entitäten) - wie Personen, Organisationen, Orte, Ereignisse und Werke - sind wichtige inhaltstragende Komponenten eines Dokuments und sind daher maßgeblich für eine gute inhaltliche Erschließung. Die Erkennung von Named Entities, deren Auszeichnung (Annotation) und Verfügbarmachung für die Suche sind wichtige Instrumente, um Anwendungen wie z. B. die inhaltliche oder semantische Suche in Texten, dokumentübergreifende Kontextualisierung oder das automatische Textzusammenfassen zu verbessern. Inhaltlich präzise und nachhaltig erschlossen werden die erkannten Named Entities eines Dokuments allerdings erst, wenn sie mit einer oder mehreren Quellen verknüpft werden (Grundprinzip von Linked Data, Berners-Lee 2006), die die Entität eindeutig identifizieren und gegenüber gleichlautenden Entitäten disambiguieren (vergleiche z. B. Berlin als Hauptstadt Deutschlands mit dem Komponisten Irving Berlin). Dazu wird die im Dokument erkannte Entität mit dem Entitätseintrag einer Normdatei oder einer anderen zuvor festgelegten Wissensbasis (z. B. Gazetteer für geografische Entitäten) verknüpft, gewöhnlich über den persistenten Identifikator der jeweiligen Wissensbasis oder Normdatei. Durch die Verknüpfung mit einer Normdatei erfolgt nicht nur die Disambiguierung und Identifikation der Entität, sondern es wird dadurch auch Interoperabilität zu anderen Systemen hergestellt, in denen die gleiche Normdatei benutzt wird, z. B. die Suche nach der Hauptstadt Berlin in verschiedenen Datenbanken bzw. Portalen. Die Entitätenverknüpfung (Named Entity Linking, NEL) hat zudem den Vorteil, dass die Normdateien oftmals Relationen zwischen Entitäten enthalten, sodass Dokumente, in denen Named Entities erkannt wurden, zusätzlich auch im Kontext einer größeren Netzwerkstruktur von Entitäten verortet und suchbar gemacht werden können
- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Mayr, P.; Petras, V.; Walter, A.-K.: Results from a German terminology mapping effort : intra- and interdisciplinary cross-concordances between controlled vocabularies (2007)
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- Abstract
- In 2004, the German Federal Ministry for Education and Research funded a major terminology mapping initiative at the GESIS Social Science Information Centre in Bonn (GESIS-IZ), which will find its conclusion this year. The task of this terminology mapping initiative was to organize, create and manage 'crossconcordances' between major controlled vocabularies (thesauri, classification systems, subject heading lists) centred around the social sciences but quickly extending to other subject areas. Cross-concordances are intellectually (manually) created crosswalks that determine equivalence, hierarchy, and association relations between terms from two controlled vocabularies. Most vocabularies have been related bilaterally, that is, there is a cross-concordance relating terms from vocabulary A to vocabulary B as well as a cross-concordance relating terms from vocabulary B to vocabulary A (bilateral relations are not necessarily symmetrical). Till August 2007, 24 controlled vocabularies from 11 disciplines will be connected with vocabulary sizes ranging from 2,000 - 17,000 terms per vocabulary. To date more than 260,000 relations are generated. A database including all vocabularies and cross-concordances was built and a 'heterogeneity service' developed, a web service, which makes the cross-concordances available for other applications. Many cross-concordances are already implemented and utilized for the German Social Science Information Portal Sowiport (www.sowiport.de), which searches bibliographical and other information resources (incl. 13 databases with 10 different vocabularies and ca. 2.5 million references).
- Content
- Präsentation während der Veranstaltung "Networked Knowledge Organization Systems and Services: The 6th European Networked Knowledge Organization Systems (NKOS) Workshop, Workshop at the 11th ECDL Conference, Budapest, Hungary, September 21st 2007".
- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Petras, V.: Heterogenitätsbehandlung und Terminology Mapping durch Crosskonkordanzen : eine Fallstudie (2010)
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- Source
- Wissensspeicher in digitalen Räumen: Nachhaltigkeit - Verfügbarkeit - semantische Interoperabilität. Proceedings der 11. Tagung der Deutschen Sektion der Internationalen Gesellschaft für Wissensorganisation, Konstanz, 20. bis 22. Februar 2008. Hrsg.: J. Sieglerschmidt u. H.P.Ohly
- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Mayr, P.; Petras, V.: Building a Terminology Network for Search : the KoMoHe project (2008)
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- Source
- Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Mayr, P.; Petras, V.: Crosskonkordanzen : Terminologie Mapping und deren Effektivität für das Information Retrieval
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- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Mayr, P.; Petras, V.: Cross-concordances : terminology mapping and its effectiveness for information retrieval (2008)
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- Theme
- Semantische Interoperabilität
-
Petras, V.; Womser-Hacker, C.: Evaluation im Information Retrieval (2023)
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- Abstract
- Das Ziel einer Evaluation ist die Überprüfung, ob bzw. in welchem Ausmaß ein Informationssystem die an das System gestellten Anforderungen erfüllt. Informationssysteme können aus verschiedenen Perspektiven evaluiert werden. Für eine ganzheitliche Evaluation (als Synonym wird auch Evaluierung benutzt), die unterschiedliche Qualitätsaspekte betrachtet (z. B. wie gut ein System relevante Dokumente rankt, wie schnell ein System die Suche durchführt, wie die Ergebnispräsentation gestaltet ist oder wie Suchende durch das System geführt werden) und die Erfüllung mehrerer Anforderungen überprüft, empfiehlt es sich, sowohl eine perspektivische als auch methodische Triangulation (d. h. der Einsatz von mehreren Ansätzen zur Qualitätsüberprüfung) vorzunehmen. Im Information Retrieval (IR) konzentriert sich die Evaluation auf die Qualitätseinschätzung der Suchfunktion eines Information-Retrieval-Systems (IRS), wobei oft zwischen systemzentrierter und nutzerzentrierter Evaluation unterschieden wird. Dieses Kapitel setzt den Fokus auf die systemzentrierte Evaluation, während andere Kapitel dieses Handbuchs andere Evaluationsansätze diskutieren (s. Kapitel C 4 Interaktives Information Retrieval, C 7 Cross-Language Information Retrieval und D 1 Information Behavior).
-
Mayr, P.; Mutschke, P.; Petras, V.; Schaer, P.; Sure, Y.: Applying science models for search (2010)
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- Abstract
- The paper proposes three different kinds of science models as value-added services that are integrated in the retrieval process to enhance retrieval quailty. The paper discusses the approaches Search Term Recommendation, Bradfordizing and Author Centrality on a general level and addresses implementation issues of the models within a real-life retrieval environment.
