-
Spink, A.; Wolfram, D.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Searching the Web : the public and their queries (2001)
0.01
0.010535447 = product of:
0.10008675 = sum of:
0.050043374 = weight(_text_:web in 6980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.050043374 = score(doc=6980,freq=34.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.59466785 = fieldWeight in 6980, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=6980)
0.050043374 = weight(_text_:web in 6980) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.050043374 = score(doc=6980,freq=34.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.59466785 = fieldWeight in 6980, product of:
5.8309517 = tf(freq=34.0), with freq of:
34.0 = termFreq=34.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.03125 = fieldNorm(doc=6980)
0.10526316 = coord(2/19)
- Abstract
- In previous articles, we reported the state of Web searching in 1997 (Jansen, Spink, & Saracevic, 2000) and in 1999 (Spink, Wolfram, Jansen, & Saracevic, 2001). Such snapshot studies and statistics on Web use appear regularly (OCLC, 1999), but provide little information about Web searching trends. In this article, we compare and contrast results from our two previous studies of Excite queries' data sets, each containing over 1 million queries submitted by over 200,000 Excite users collected on 16 September 1997 and 20 December 1999. We examine how public Web searching changing during that 2-year time period. As Table 1 shows, the overall structure of Web queries in some areas did not change, while in others we see change from 1997 to 1999. Our comparison shows how Web searching changed incrementally and also dramatically. We see some moves toward greater simplicity, including shorter queries (i.e., fewer terms) and shorter sessions (i.e., fewer queries per user), with little modification (addition or deletion) of terms in subsequent queries. The trend toward shorter queries suggests that Web information content should target specific terms in order to reach Web users. Another trend was to view fewer pages of results per query. Most Excite users examined only one page of results per query, since an Excite results page contains ten ranked Web sites. Were users satisfied with the results and did not need to view more pages? It appears that the public continues to have a low tolerance of wading through retrieved sites. This decline in interactivity levels is a disturbing finding for the future of Web searching. Queries that included Boolean operators were in the minority, but the percentage increased between the two time periods. Most Boolean use involved the AND operator with many mistakes. The use of relevance feedback almost doubled from 1997 to 1999, but overall use was still small. An unusually large number of terms were used with low frequency, such as personal names, spelling errors, non-English words, and Web-specific terms, such as URLs. Web query vocabulary contains more words than found in large English texts in general. The public language of Web queries has its own and unique characteristics. How did Web searching topics change from 1997 to 1999? We classified a random sample of 2,414 queries from 1997 and 2,539 queries from 1999 into 11 categories (Table 2). From 1997 to 1999, Web searching shifted from entertainment, recreation and sex, and pornography, preferences to e-commerce-related topics under commerce, travel, employment, and economy. This shift coincided with changes in information distribution on the publicly indexed Web.
-
Wolfram, D.; Spink, A.; Jansen, B.J.; Saracevic, T.: Vox populi : the public searching of the Web (2001)
0.01
0.007665664 = product of:
0.07282381 = sum of:
0.036411904 = weight(_text_:web in 6949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.036411904 = score(doc=6949,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.43268442 = fieldWeight in 6949, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6949)
0.036411904 = weight(_text_:web in 6949) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.036411904 = score(doc=6949,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.43268442 = fieldWeight in 6949, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=6949)
0.10526316 = coord(2/19)
-
Jansen, B.J.; Spink, A.; Saracevic, T.: Real life, real users and real needs : a study and analysis of users queries on the Web (2000)
0.01
0.007665664 = product of:
0.07282381 = sum of:
0.036411904 = weight(_text_:web in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.036411904 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.43268442 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
0.036411904 = weight(_text_:web in 411) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.036411904 = score(doc=411,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.43268442 = fieldWeight in 411, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=411)
0.10526316 = coord(2/19)
-
Saracevic, T.: Information science (2009)
0.00
0.003832832 = product of:
0.036411904 = sum of:
0.018205952 = weight(_text_:web in 3812) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018205952 = score(doc=3812,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.21634221 = fieldWeight in 3812, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3812)
0.018205952 = weight(_text_:web in 3812) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.018205952 = score(doc=3812,freq=2.0), product of:
0.08415349 = queryWeight, product of:
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.21634221 = fieldWeight in 3812, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.2635105 = idf(docFreq=4597, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=3812)
0.10526316 = coord(2/19)
- Abstract
- The purpose of this entry is to provide an overview of information science as a field or discipline, including a historical perspective to illustrate the events and forces that shaped it. Information science is a field of professional practice and scientific inquiry dealing with effective communication of information and information objects, particularly knowledge records, among humans in the context of social, organizational, and individual need for and use of information. Information science emerged in the aftermath of the Second World War, as did a number of other fields, addressing the problem of information explosion and using technology as a solution. Presently, information science deals with the same problems in the Web and digital environments. This entry covers problems addressed by information science, the intellectual structure of the field, and the description of main areas-information retrieval, human information behavior, metric studies, and digital libraries. This entry also includes an account of education related to information science and conclusions about major characteristics.
-
Saracevic, T.; Kantor, P.B.: Studying the value of library and information services : Part I: Establishing a theoretical framework (1997)
0.00
0.0032084503 = product of:
0.060960554 = sum of:
0.060960554 = weight(_text_:services in 352) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.060960554 = score(doc=352,freq=14.0), product of:
0.094670646 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.64392245 = fieldWeight in 352, product of:
3.7416575 = tf(freq=14.0), with freq of:
14.0 = termFreq=14.0
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=352)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Abstract
- Discusses underlying concepts related to value that must be clarified in order to proceed with any pragmatic study of value, and establishes a theory of use-oriented value of information and information services. Examines the notion of value in philosophy and economics and in relation to library and information services as well as the connection between value and relevance. Develops 2 models: one related to use of information and the other to use of library and information services. They are a theoretical framework for pragmatic study of value and a guide for the development of a Derived Taxonomy of Value in Using Library and Information Services
- Footnote
- 1st part of a study to develop a taxonomy of value-in-use of library and information services based on users assessments and to propose methods and instruments for similar studies of library and information services in general
-
Saracevic, T.: Information retrieval (1985)
0.00
0.0028295873 = product of:
0.053762157 = sum of:
0.053762157 = weight(_text_:services in 3302) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.053762157 = score(doc=3302,freq=2.0), product of:
0.094670646 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.56788623 = fieldWeight in 3302, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.109375 = fieldNorm(doc=3302)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Imprint
- Philadelphia, Pa : National Federation of Abstracting and Indexing Services
-
Saracevic, T.; Kantor, P.B.: Studying the value of library and information services : Part II: Methodology and taxonomy (1997)
0.00
0.0027116353 = product of:
0.05152107 = sum of:
0.05152107 = weight(_text_:services in 353) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.05152107 = score(doc=353,freq=10.0), product of:
0.094670646 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.5442138 = fieldWeight in 353, product of:
3.1622777 = tf(freq=10.0), with freq of:
10.0 = termFreq=10.0
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.046875 = fieldNorm(doc=353)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Abstract
- Details with specifics of the study: importance of taxonomy; the method used for gathering data on user assessments of value in 5 research libraries, involving 18 services and 528 interviews with users; development and presentation of the taxonomy; and statistics and tests of the taxonomy. A novel aspect is the division of value of information services into 3 general classes or facets; reasons for use of a service in the given instance; quality of interaction (use) related to that service; and worth, benefits, or implications of subsequent results from use
- Footnote
- 2nd part of a study to develop a taxonomy of value-in-use of library and information services based on users assessments and to propose methods and instruments for similar studies of library and information services in general
-
Brenner, E.H.; Saracevic, T.: Indexing and searching in perspective (1985)
0.00
0.0024253603 = product of:
0.046081845 = sum of:
0.046081845 = weight(_text_:services in 8129) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.046081845 = score(doc=8129,freq=2.0), product of:
0.094670646 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.4867596 = fieldWeight in 8129, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.09375 = fieldNorm(doc=8129)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Imprint
- Philadelphia : National Federation of Abstracting and Information Services
-
Kantor, P.B.; Saracevic, T.: Quantitative study of the value of research libraries : a foundation for the evaluation of digital libraries (1999)
0.00
0.0017503531 = product of:
0.03325671 = sum of:
0.03325671 = weight(_text_:services in 6711) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.03325671 = score(doc=6711,freq=6.0), product of:
0.094670646 = queryWeight, product of:
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.3512885 = fieldWeight in 6711, product of:
2.4494898 = tf(freq=6.0), with freq of:
6.0 = termFreq=6.0
3.6713707 = idf(docFreq=3057, maxDocs=44218)
0.0390625 = fieldNorm(doc=6711)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Abstract
- In anticipation of the explosive growth of digital libraries, a complex study was undertaken seeking to evaluate 21 diverse services at 5 major academic research libraries. This work stands as a model for evaluation of digital libraries, through its focus on both the costs of operations and the impacts of the services that those operations provide. The data have been analyzed using both statistical methods and methods of Data Envelopment Analysis. The results of the study, which are presented in detail, serve to demonstrate that a cross-functional approach to library services is feasible. They also highlight a new measure of impact, which is a weighted logarithmic combination of the amount of time that users spend interacting with the service, combined with a Likert-scale indication of the value of that service in relation to the time expended. The measure derived, incorporating simple information obtainable from the user, together with information which is readily available in server/client logs, provides an excellent foundation for transferring these measurement principles to the Digital Library environment
-
Saracevic, T.: On a method for studying the structure and nature of requests in information retrieval (1983)
0.00
9.1938744E-4 = product of:
0.017468361 = sum of:
0.017468361 = product of:
0.034936722 = sum of:
0.034936722 = weight(_text_:22 in 2417) [ClassicSimilarity], result of:
0.034936722 = score(doc=2417,freq=2.0), product of:
0.09029883 = queryWeight, product of:
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.025786186 = queryNorm
0.38690117 = fieldWeight in 2417, product of:
1.4142135 = tf(freq=2.0), with freq of:
2.0 = termFreq=2.0
3.5018296 = idf(docFreq=3622, maxDocs=44218)
0.078125 = fieldNorm(doc=2417)
0.5 = coord(1/2)
0.05263158 = coord(1/19)
- Pages
- S.22-25
