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Abstract

An important part of our information-gathering behavior has always been to find out what other people think. With the growing availability and popularity of opinion-rich resources such as online review sites and personal blogs, new opportunities and challenges arise as people can, and do, actively use information technologies to seek out and understand the opinions of others. The sudden eruption of activity in the area of opinion mining and sentiment analysis, which deals with the computational treatment of opinion, sentiment, and subjectivity in text, has thus occurred at least in part as a direct response to the surge of interest in new systems that deal directly with opinions as a first-class object. Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis covers techniques and approaches that promise to directly enable opinion-oriented information-seeking systems. The focus is on methods that seek to address the new challenges raised by sentiment-aware applications, as compared to those that are already present in more traditional fact-based analysis. The survey includes an enumeration of the various applications, a look at general challenges and discusses categorization, extraction and summarization. Finally, it moves beyond just the technical issues, devoting significant attention to the broader implications that the development of opinion-oriented information-access services have: questions of privacy, vulnerability to manipulation, and whether or not reviews can have measurable economic impact. To facilitate future work, a discussion of available resources, benchmark datasets, and evaluation campaigns is also provided. Opinion Mining and Sentiment Analysis is the first such comprehensive survey of this vibrant and important research area and will be of interest to anyone with an interest in opinion-oriented information-seeking systems.

RSWK

World Wide Web / Meinungsäußerung / Data Mining

Subject

World Wide Web / Meinungsäußerung / Data Mining

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Abstract

Anhand von 7 konkreten Fallbeispielen (u.a. Relativitätstheorie, Sexualverhalten von Eidechsen, Gedächtnis von Würmern) wird über Forschungsmethoden, Experimente und deren Auswirkung auf der Suche nach der Wahrheit kritisch berichtet. "Nicht der experimentelle "Beweis" gibt den Ausschlag für das, was "wahr" sein wird, sondern die innerhalb der Gesellschaft ablaufende Einigung über einen neuen Konsens". Das ist einer der Kernsätze dieses Werkes über Forschungsmethoden, über Experimente und ihre Auswertung in den Naturwissenschaften. Die Autoren, ein Wissenschaftssoziologe und ein Wissenschaftshistoriker, beschreiben 7 Fallgeschichten (u.a. Relativitätstheorie, kalte Kernfusion, Sexualverhalten von Eidechsen, Gedächtnis von Würmern) und erörtern dabei vor allem die Kontroversen um die Interpretation der Ergebnisse, um die Suche nach "Wahrheit". Diese wird, so zeigen sie, öfter von Eitelkeit und Rechthaberei bestimmt, als die Naturwissenschaftler selbst zugeben wollen. Das - natürlich - kontrovers diskutierte Buch (in den USA liegt bereits die 2. Auflage vor) kann nicht nur Studenten und Wissenschaftlern sehr empfohlen werden.

Classification

Nat 22

SFB

Nat 22

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RSWK

Technisches Zeitalter / Aufsatzsammlung
Wissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
Wissenschaftsethik / Aufsatzsammlung
Verantwortung / Technischer Fortschritt / Aufsatzsammlung (BVB)

Subject

Technisches Zeitalter / Aufsatzsammlung
Wissenschaft / Aufsatzsammlung
Wissenschaftsethik / Aufsatzsammlung
Verantwortung / Technischer Fortschritt / Aufsatzsammlung (BVB)