-
Weller, K.: Knowledge representation in the Social Semantic Web (2010)
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- Abstract
- The main purpose of this book is to sum up the vital and highly topical research issue of knowledge representation on the Web and to discuss novel solutions by combining benefits of folksonomies and Web 2.0 approaches with ontologies and semantic technologies. This book contains an overview of knowledge representation approaches in past, present and future, introduction to ontologies, Web indexing and in first case the novel approaches of developing ontologies. This title combines aspects of knowledge representation for both the Semantic Web (ontologies) and the Web 2.0 (folksonomies). Currently there is no monographic book which provides a combined overview over these topics. focus on the topic of using knowledge representation methods for document indexing purposes. For this purpose, considerations from classical librarian interests in knowledge representation (thesauri, classification schemes etc.) are included, which are not part of most other books which have a stronger background in computer science.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: iwp 62(2011) H.4, S.205-206 (C. Carstens): "Welche Arten der Wissensrepräsentation existieren im Web, wie ausgeprägt sind semantische Strukturen in diesem Kontext, und wie können soziale Aktivitäten im Sinne des Web 2.0 zur Strukturierung von Wissen im Web beitragen? Diesen Fragen widmet sich Wellers Buch mit dem Titel Knowledge Representation in the Social Semantic Web. Der Begriff Social Semantic Web spielt einerseits auf die semantische Strukturierung von Daten im Sinne des Semantic Web an und deutet andererseits auf die zunehmend kollaborative Inhaltserstellung im Social Web hin. Weller greift die Entwicklungen in diesen beiden Bereichen auf und beleuchtet die Möglichkeiten und Herausforderungen, die aus der Kombination der Aktivitäten im Semantic Web und im Social Web entstehen. Der Fokus des Buches liegt dabei primär auf den konzeptuellen Herausforderungen, die sich in diesem Kontext ergeben. So strebt die originäre Vision des Semantic Web die Annotation aller Webinhalte mit ausdrucksstarken, hochformalisierten Ontologien an. Im Social Web hingegen werden große Mengen an Daten von Nutzern erstellt, die häufig mithilfe von unkontrollierten Tags in Folksonomies annotiert werden. Weller sieht in derartigen kollaborativ erstellten Inhalten und Annotationen großes Potenzial für die semantische Indexierung, eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Retrieval im Web. Das Hauptinteresse des Buches besteht daher darin, eine Brücke zwischen den Wissensrepräsentations-Methoden im Social Web und im Semantic Web zu schlagen. Um dieser Fragestellung nachzugehen, gliedert sich das Buch in drei Teile. . . .
Insgesamt besticht das Buch insbesondere durch seine breite Sichtweise, die Aktualität und die Fülle an Referenzen. Es ist somit sowohl als Überblickswerk geeignet, das umfassend über aktuelle Entwicklungen und Trends der Wissensrepräsentation im Semantic und Social Web informiert, als auch als Lektüre für Experten, für die es vor allem als kontextualisierte und sehr aktuelle Sammlung von Referenzen eine wertvolle Ressource darstellt." Weitere Rez. in: Journal of Documentation. 67(2011), no.5, S.896-899 (P. Rafferty)
- LCSH
- Semantic Web
- Object
- Web 2.0
- RSWK
- Semantic Web
Social Tagging
World Wide Web 2.0
- Subject
- Semantic Web
Social Tagging
World Wide Web 2.0
Semantic Web
- Theme
- Semantic Web
-
Frohner, H.: Social Tagging : Grundlagen, Anwendungen, Auswirkungen auf Wissensorganisation und soziale Strukturen der User (2010)
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- Abstract
- Social Tagging ist eine Methode zur semantischen Datenorganisation. Im Unterschied zu traditionellen Ansätzen wird die Kategorisierung nicht von Experten vorgenommen, sondern von einer Vielzahl von Benutzern gemeinschaftlich entwickelt. Bezüglich der Daten existieren grundsätzlich keinerlei Einschränkungen. Dabei kann es sich sowohl um multimediale Inhalte als auch um wissenschaftliche Literatur handeln. Jeder Benutzer, unabhängig von Expertise oder Intention, ist aufgefordert, mithilfe von frei gewählten Tags die Kategorisierung der verwendeten Ressourcen zu unterstützen. Insgesamt entsteht dadurch eine Sammlung verschiedenster subjektiver Einschätzungen, die zusammen eine umfassende semantische Organisation bestimmter Inhalte darstellen. Ziel dieses Buches ist es, zunächst die Grundlagen und Anwendungen von Social Tagging zu erörtern und dann speziell die Effekte im Hinblick auf die Wissensorganisation und die sozialen Beziehungen der Benutzer zu analysieren. Eines der zentralen Ergebnisse dieser Arbeit ist die Erkenntnis, dass die gemeinschaftlich erzeugten Metadaten eine unerwartet hohe Qualität bzw. Bedeutsamkeit aufweisen, obwohl Mehrdeutigkeiten und verschiedene Schreibweisen diese negativ beeinflussen könnten. Social Tagging ist besonders effektiv für die Organisation von sehr großen oder auch heterogenen Daten-beständen, die mit herkömmlichen, experten-basierten Kategorisierungsverfahren nicht mehr verarbeitet werden können oder durch automatische Verfahren qualitativ schlechter indexiert werden. Durch Social Tagging wird nicht nur die Wissensorganisation gefördert, sondern darüber hinaus auch die Zusammenarbeit und der Aufbau von Communities, weshalb Social Tagging auch effizient in der Lehre eingesetzt werden kann.
- RSWK
- Social Tagging / Virtuelle Gemeinschaft / Wissensorganisation
- Series
- Web 2.0
- Subject
- Social Tagging / Virtuelle Gemeinschaft / Wissensorganisation
- Theme
- Social tagging
-
Abbas, J.: Structures for organizing knowledge : exploring taxonomies, ontologies, and other schemas (2010)
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- Abstract
- LIS professionals use structures for organizing knowledge when they catalog and classify objects in the collection, when they develop databases, when they design customized taxonomies, or when they search online. Structures for Organizing Knowledge: Exploring Taxonomies, Ontologies, and Other Schema explores and explains this basic function by looking at three questions: 1) How do we organize objects so that they make sense and are useful? 2) What role do categories, classifications, taxonomies, and other structures play in the process of organizing? 3) What do information professionals need to know about organizing behaviors in order to design useful structures for organizing knowledge? Taking a broad, yet specialized approach that is a first in the field, this book answers those questions by examining three threads: traditional structures for organizing knowledge; personal structures for organizing knowledge; and socially-constructed structures for organizing knowledge. Through these threads, it offers avenues for expanding thinking on classification and classification schemes, taxonomy and ontology development, and structures. Both a history of the development of taxonomies and an analysis of current research, theories, and applications, this volume explores a wide array of topics, including the new digital, social aspect of taxonomy development. Examples of subjects covered include: Formal and informal structures Applications of knowledge structures Classification schemes Early taxonomists and their contributions Social networking, bookmarking, and cataloging sites Cataloging codes Standards and best practices Tags, tagging, and folksonomies Descriptive cataloging Metadata schema standards Thought exercises, references, and a list of helpful websites augment each section. A final chapter, "Thinking Ahead: Are We at a Crossroads?" uses "envisioning exercises" to help LIS professionals look into the future.
-
Witten, I.H.; Bainbridge, M.; Nichols, D.M.: How to build a digital library (2010)
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- Abstract
- "How to Build a Digital Library" is the only book that offers all the knowledge and tools needed to construct and maintain a digital library, regardless of the size or purpose. It is the perfectly self-contained resource for individuals, agencies, and institutions wishing to put this powerful tool to work in their burgeoning information treasuries. The second edition reflects new developments in the field as well as in the Greenstone Digital Library open source software. In Part I, the authors have added an entire new chapter on user groups, user support, collaborative browsing, user contributions, and so on. There is also new material on content-based queries, map-based queries, cross-media queries. There is an increased emphasis placed on multimedia by adding a 'digitizing' section to each major media type. A new chapter has also been added on 'internationalization', which will address Unicode standards, multi-language interfaces and collections, and issues with non-European languages (Chinese, Hindi, etc.). Part II, the software tools section, has been completely rewritten to reflect the new developments in Greenstone Digital Library Software, an internationally popular open source software tool with a comprehensive graphical facility for creating and maintaining digital libraries. As with the First Edition, a web site, implemented as a digital library, will accompany the book and provide access to color versions of all figures, two online appendices, a full-text sentence-level index, and an automatically generated glossary of acronyms and their definitions. In addition, demonstration digital library collections will be included to demonstrate particular points in the book. To access the online content please visit our associated website. This title outlines the history of libraries - both traditional and digital - and their impact on present practices and future directions. It is written for both technical and non-technical audiences and covers the entire spectrum of media, including text, images, audio, video, and related XML standards. It is web-enhanced with software documentation, color illustrations, full-text index, source code, and more.
- Content
- Orientation : the world of digital libraries -- People in digital libraries -- Presentation : user interfaces -- Textual documents: the raw material -- Multimedia : more raw material -- Metadata : elements of organization -- Interoperability : protocols and services -- Internationalization : the global challenge -- Visions : future, past, and present -- Greenstone digital library software. Building collections -- Operating and interoperating -- Design patterns for advanced user interfaces.
-
Reichenberger, K.: Kompendium semantische Netze : Konzepte, Technologie, Modellierung (2010)
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- RSWK
- Semantisches Netz / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
- Subject
- Semantisches Netz / Ontologie <Wissensverarbeitung> / Semantic Web
-
Weinberger, D.: Too big to know : rethinking knowledge now that the facts aren't the facts, experts are everywhere, and the smartest person in the room is the room (2011)
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- Abstract
- In this title, a leading philosopher of the internet explains how knowledge and expertise can still work - and even grow stronger - in an age when the internet has made topics simply Too Big to Know. Knowing used to be so straightforward. If we wanted to know something we looked it up, asked an expert, gathered the facts, weighted the possibilities, and honed in on the best answer ourselves. But, ironically, with the advent of the internet and the limitless information it contains, we're less sure about what we know, who knows what, or even what it means to know at all. Knowledge, it would appear, is in crisis. And yet, while its very foundations seem to be collapsing, human knowledge has grown in previously unimaginable ways, and in inconceivable directions, in the Internet age. We fact-check the news media more closely and publicly than ever before. Science is advancing at an unheard of pace thanks to new collaborative techniques and new ways to find patterns in vast amounts of data. Businesses are finding expertise in every corner of their organization, and across the broad swath of their stakeholders. We are in a crisis of knowledge at the same time that we are in an epochal exaltation of knowledge. In "Too Big to Know", Internet philosopher David Weinberger explains that, rather than a systemic collapse, the Internet era represents a fundamental change in the methods we have for understanding the world around us. Weinberger argues that our notions of expertise - what it is, how it works, and how it is cultivated - are out of date, rooted in our pre-networked culture and assumptions. For thousands of years, we've relied upon a reductionist process of filtering, winnowing, and otherwise reducing the complex world to something more manageable in order to understand it. Back then, an expert was someone who had mastered a particular, well-defined domain. Now, we live in an age when topics are blown apart and stitched together by momentary interests, diverse points of view, and connections ranging from the insightful to the perverse. Weinberger shows that, while the limits of our own paper-based tools have historically prevented us from achieving our full capacity of knowledge, we can now be as smart as our new medium allows - but we will be smart differently. For the new medium is a network, and that network changes our oldest, most basic strategy of knowing. Rather than knowing-by-reducing, we are now knowing-by-including. Indeed, knowledge now is best thought of not as the content of books or even of minds, but as the way the network works. Knowledge will never be the same - not for science, not for business, not for education, not for government, not for any of us. As Weinberger makes clear, to make sense of this new system of knowledge, we need - and smart companies are developing - networks that are themselves experts. Full of rich and sometimes surprising examples from history, politics, business, philosophy, and science, "Too Big to Know" describes how the very foundations of knowledge have been overturned, and what this revolution means for our future.
