Search (2034 results, page 1 of 102)

  • × language_ss:"e"
  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  1. Hotho, A.; Bloehdorn, S.: Data Mining 2004 : Text classification by boosting weak learners based on terms and concepts (2004) 0.49 
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://www.google.de/url?sa=t&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=web&cd=1&cad=rja&ved=0CEAQFjAA&url=http%3A%2F%2Fciteseerx.ist.psu.edu%2Fviewdoc%2Fdownload%3Fdoi%3D10.1.1.91.4940%26rep%3Drep1%26type%3Dpdf&ei=dOXrUMeIDYHDtQahsIGACg&usg=AFQjCNHFWVh6gNPvnOrOS9R3rkrXCNVD-A&sig2=5I2F5evRfMnsttSgFF9g7Q&bvm=bv.1357316858,d.Yms.
    Date
    8. 1.2013 10:22:32
  2. Vetere, G.; Lenzerini, M.: Models for semantic interoperability in service-oriented architectures (2005) 0.39 
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    Content
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/login.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5386707&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fxpls%2Fabs_all.jsp%3Farnumber%3D5386707.
  3. Mas, S.; Marleau, Y.: Proposition of a faceted classification model to support corporate information organization and digital records management (2009) 0.34 
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    Footnote
    Vgl.: http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/Xplore/login.jsp?reload=true&url=http%3A%2F%2Fieeexplore.ieee.org%2Fiel5%2F4755313%2F4755314%2F04755480.pdf%3Farnumber%3D4755480&authDecision=-203.
  4. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.28 
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    Abstract
    By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  5. Rosenfeld, L.; Morville, P.: Information architecture for the World Wide Web : designing large-scale Web sites (2007) 0.04 
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    Abstract
    The scale of web site design has grown so that what was once comparable to decorating a room is now comparable to designing buildings or even cities. Designing sites so that people can find their way around is an ever-growing challenge as sites contain more and more information. In the past, Information Architecture for the World Wide Web has helped developers and designers establish consistent and usable structures for their sites and their information. This edition of the classic primer on web site design and navigation is updated with recent examples, new scenarios, and new information on best practices. Readers will learn how to present large volumes of information to visitors who need to find what they're looking for quickly. With topics that range from aesthetics to mechanics, this valuable book explains how to create interfaces that users can understand easily.
    Classification
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    Date
    22. 3.2008 16:18:27
    LCSH
    Web sites / Design
    RSWK
    World Wide Web / Web-Seite / Gestaltung
    World Wide Web / Server
    Softwarearchitektur / Gestaltung / Web-Seite / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Informationsmanagement / World Wide Web (GBV)
    RVK
    ST 252 Informatik / Monographien / Software und -entwicklung / Web-Programmierung, allgemein
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Web-Seite / Gestaltung
    World Wide Web / Server
    Softwarearchitektur / Gestaltung / Web-Seite / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Informationsmanagement / World Wide Web (GBV)
    Web sites / Design
  6. Lazar, J.: Web usability : a user-centered design approach (2006) 0.03 
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    Content
    Introduction to Web usability -- Defining the mission and target user population -- Requirements gathering: what information is needed? -- Methods for requirements gathering -- Information architecture and site navigation -- Page design -- Designing for universal usability -- Physical design -- Usability testing -- Implementation and marketing -- Maintaining and evaluating Web sites
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.7, S.1066-1067 (X. Zhu u. J. Liao): "The user, without whom any product or service would be nothing, plays a very important role during the whole life cycle of products or services. The user's involvement should be from the very beginning, not just after products or services are ready to work. According to ISO 9241-11: 1998, Part 11, Usability refers to "the extent to which a product can be used by specified users to achieve specified goals with effectiveness, efficiency and satisfaction in a specified context of user." As an academic topic of human-computer interaction, Web usability has been studied widely for a long time. This classroom-oriented book, bridging academia and the educational community, talks about Web usability in a student-friendly fashion. It outlines not only the methodology of user-centered Web site design but also details the methods to implement at every stage of the methodology. That is, the book presents the user-centered Web-design approach from both macrocosm and microcosm points of view, which makes it both recapitulative and practical. The most important key word in Web Usability is "user-centered," which means Web developers should not substitute their own personal preferences for the users' needs. The book classifies Web sites into five types: E-commerce, informational, entertainment, community, and intranet. Since the methods used during Web development differ somewhat depending on the type of Web site, it is necessary to have a classification in advance. With Figure 1.3 on p. 17, the book explains the whole user-centered Webdevelopment life cycle (called "methodology" in this book review), which provides a clear path for Web development that is easy to understand, remember, and perform. Since all the following chapters are based on the methodology, a clear presentation of it is paramount. The table on p. 93 summarizes concisely all types of methods for requirements gathering and their advantages and disadvantages. According to this table, appropriate methods can be easily chosen for different Web site development projects. As the author remarked, "requirements gathering is central to the concept of user-centered design," (p. 98) and "one of the hallmarks of user-centered design is usability testing" (p. 205). Stage 2 (collect user requirements) and Stage 5 (perform usability testing) of the user-centered Web-development life cycle are the two stages with the most user involvement: however, this does not mean that all other stages are user unrelated. For example, in Stage 4 (create and modify physical design), frame is not suggested to be used just because most users are unfamiliar with the concept of frame (p. 201). Note that frequently there are several rounds of usability testing to be performed in the four case studies, and some of them are performed before the physical-design stage or even the conceptual-design stage, which embodies the idea of an iterative design process.
    The many hands-on examples throughout the book and the four case studies at the end of the book are obvious strong points linking theory with practice. The four case studies are very useful, and it is hard to find such cases in the literature since few companies want to publicize such information. The four case studies are not just simple repeats; they are very different from each other and provide readers specific examples to analyze and follow. Web Usability is an excellent textbook, with a wrap-up (including discussion questions, design exercises, and suggested reading) at the end of each chapter. Each wrap-up first outlines where the focus should be placed, corresponding to what was presented at the very beginning of each chapter. Discussion questions help recall in an active way the main points in each chapter. The design exercises make readers apply to a design project what they have just obtained from the chapter, leading to a deeper understanding of knowledge. Suggested reading provides additional information sources for people who want to further study the research topic, which bridges the educational community back to academia. The book is enhanced by two universal resource locators (URLs) linking to the Addison-Wesley instructor resource center (http://www. aw.com/irc) and the Web-Star survey and project deliverables (http:// www. aw.com/cssupport), respectively. There are valuable resources in these two URLs, which can be used together with Web Usability. Like the Web, books are required to possess good information architecture to facilitate understanding. Fortunately, Web Usability has very clear information architecture. Chap. 1 introduces the user-centered Web-development life cycle, which is composed of seven stages. Chap. 2 discusses Stage l, chaps. 3 and 4 detail Stage 2, chaps. 5 through 7 outline Stage 3, and chaps. 8 through I1 present Stages 4 through 7, respectively. In chaps. 2 through 11, details (called "methods" in this review) are given for every stage of the methodology. The main clue of the book is how to design a new Web site; however, this does not mean that Web redesign is trivial and ignored. The author mentions Web redesign issues from time to time, and a dedicated section is presented to discuss redesign in chaps. 2, 3, 10, and 11.
    Besides the major well-known software applications such as FrontPage and Dreamweaver (pp. 191-194), many useful software tools can be adopted to assist and accelerate the Web-development process, resulting in improvement of the productivity of the Web industry. Web Usability mentions such tools as the "code validator" (p. 189) to identify problematic areas of the handwritten code against spelling and usage, the tool available at a given URL address to convert portable document format (PDF) files into hypertext markup language (HTML) files (p. 201), WEBXACT, WebSAT, A-Prompt, Dottie, InFocus, and RAMP (pp. 226-227) to automate usability testing, and ClickTracks, NetTracker, WebTrends, and Spotfire (p. 263) to summarize Web-usage data and analyze the trends. Thus, Web developers are able to find these tools and benefit from them. Other strengths of the book include the layout of each page, which has a wide margin in which readers may easily place notes, and the fact that the book is easy to read and understand. Although there are many strengths in this book, a few weaknesses are evident. All chapter wrap-ups should have an identical layout. Without numbering for sections and subsections, it is very likely that readers will lose sense of where they are in the overall information architecture of the book. At present, the only solution is to frequently refer to the table of contents to confirm the location. The hands-on example on p. 39 would be better placed in chap. 4 because it focuses on a requirements gathering method, the interview. There are two similar phrases, namely "user population" and "user group," that are used widely in this book. User population is composed of user groups; however, they are not strictly used in this book. The section title "Using a Search Engine" (p. 244) should be on the same level as that of the section "Linking to a URL," and not as that of the section entitled "Marketing: Bringing Users to Your Web Site," according to what the author argued at the top of p. 236.
    Web Usability is undoubtedly a success. After reading this book, Web designers will pay attention to both the content and the usability; otherwise, the majority might overlook the usability. Although this book mainly focuses on students and instructors, it also is appropriate for those who want to develop a user-centered Web site but do not know how. We would suggest that an initial reading is necessary to know what is included under each section title; from then on, when the methodology and methods are applied to guide a real-world project, only the table of contents and the chapter wrap-ups need to be reread, and other parts only when important details are forgotten. With the help of so many examples and strongly viable methods, Web Usability explains almost everything necessary during user-centered Web development and provides tips to help avoid some common mistakes. All of these characteristics facilitate effective and efficient Web-development processes. Similarly, the book reaches its content goal and usability goal as well. In short, Web Usability is an excellent case for book usability: a user-centered edit approach!"
    LCSH
    Web sites / Design
    RSWK
    Web-Seite / Gestaltung / Benutzerorientierung / Benutzerfreundlichkeit / Kundenorientierung
    Subject
    Web-Seite / Gestaltung / Benutzerorientierung / Benutzerfreundlichkeit / Kundenorientierung
    Web sites / Design
  7. Huberman, B.: ¬The laws of the Web: : patterns in the ecology of information (2001) 0.02 
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    Date
    22.10.2006 10:22:33
    Footnote
    Rez. in: nfd 54(2003) H.8, S.497 (T. Mandl): "Gesetze der digitalen Anarchie - Hyperlinks im Internet entstehen als Ergebnis sozialer Prozesse und können auch als formaler Graph im Sinne der Mathematik interpretiert werden. Die Thematik Hyperlinks ist im Information Retrieval höchst aktuell, da Suchmaschinen die Link-Struktur bei der Berechnung ihrer Ergebnisse berücksichtigen. Algorithmen zur Bestimmung des "guten Rufs" einer Seite wie etwa PageRank von Google gewichten eine Seite höher, wenn viele links auf sie verweisen. Zu den neuesten Erkenntnissen über die Netzwerkstruktur des Internets liegen zwei sehr gut lesbare Bücher vor. Der Autor des ersten Buchs, der Wirtschaftswissenschaftler Huberman, ist Leiter einer Forschungsabteilung bei Hewlett Packard. Huberman beschreibt in seinem Buch zunächst die Geschichte des Internet als technologische Revolution und gelangt dann schnell zu dessen Evolution und den darin vorherrschenden Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen. Oberraschenderweise treten im Internet häufig power-law Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen auf, die der Zipf'schen Verteilung ähneln. Auf diese sehr ungleichen Aufteilungen etwa von eingehenden HypertextLinks oder Surfern pro Seite im Internet bezieht sich der Titel des Buchs. Diese immer wieder auftretenden Wahrscheinlichkeitsverteilungen scheinen geradezu ein Gesetz des Internet zu bilden. So gibt es z.B. viele Sites mit sehr wenigen Seiten und einige wenige mit Millionen von Seiten, manche Seiten werden selten besucht und andere ziehen einen Großteil des Internet-Verkehrs auf sich, auf die meisten Seiten verweisen sehr wenige Links während auf einige wenige populäre Seiten Millionen von Links zielen. Das vorletzte Kapitel widmen übrigens beide Autoren den Märkten im Internet. Spätestens hier werden die wirtschaftlichen Aspekte von Netzwerken deutlich. Beide Titel führen den Leser in die neue Forschung zur Struktur des Internet als Netzwerk und sind leicht lesbar. Beides sind wissenschaftliche Bücher, wenden sich aber auch an den interessierten Laien. Das Buch von Barabási ist etwas aktueller, plauderhafter, länger, umfassender und etwas populärwissenschaftlicher."
    LCSH
    World Wide Web / Social aspects
    Subject
    World Wide Web / Social aspects
  8. Günther, S.: Aufbruch in den virtuellen Raum : Anleitung zum Aufbau eines Web Contact Centers (2005) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Die Weiten des Internet tendieren ins Unendliche - kaum etwas, was dort nicht vorhanden zu sein scheint. Google rühmt sich, dass jetzt die Suche auf über acht Milliarden Websites möglich ist und hat mit dem Einscannen der Bestände von US-amerikanischen und englischen Bibliotheken schon das nächste größere Projekt in Angriff genommen. Auch Microsoft schickt sich an, eine ernstzunehmende Konkurrenz in Sachen Internetrecherche zu werden. Hinzu kommt, dass das Internet eine immer größere Nutzung erfährt, 2004 lag diese bei 55,3 Prozent der Bevölkerung ab 14 Jahren - doch das alles heißt nicht, dass die Nutzer 3 im Gegenzug auch immer bessere Recherchefähigkeiten aufweisen. Es vergeht kein Tag, an dem im Informationsdienst von Bibliotheken nicht der Satz »Im Internet habe ich schon geguckt, dafind ich nix!« fällt. 100.000 Treffer zu einer Suchanfrage zu erhalten ist nicht die Kunst, aber fünf relevante Treffer zu erhalten, die noch dazu einer kritischen Bewertung standhalten (Stichwort »Information Literacy«), das bedarf eines professionellen Informationsvermittlers - eines Bibliothekars! Noch nie waren so viele Nutzer im Netz und zugleich so viele so unzufrieden. Wäre es nicht Aufgabe der Bibliotheken diese (potenziellen) Kunden aufzufangen, bevor sie in den Weiten des Internet verloren gehen? Dieses Auffangnetz existiert bereits - bekannt als Digital Reference Service, gebündelt durch die Funktionen, die das Web Contact Center bereit hält.
    Date
    22. 9.2005 20:50:31
  9. Memmel, T.: User interface specification for interactive software systems : process-, method- and tool-support for interdisciplinary and collaborative requirements modelling and prototyping-driven user interface specification (2009) 0.02 
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    RSWK
    Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Benutzeroberfläche / Benutzermodell / Benutzerfreundlichkeit / Spezifikationstechnik / Prototyping
    Subject
    Mensch-Maschine-Kommunikation / Benutzeroberfläche / Benutzermodell / Benutzerfreundlichkeit / Spezifikationstechnik / Prototyping
  10. Heckner, M.: Tagging, rating, posting : studying forms of user contribution for web-based information management and information retrieval (2009) 0.02 
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    Classification
    AN 96800 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationsvermittlung, Informationsplanung / Bewertung, Effizienz, Qualität
    Content
    The Web of User Contribution - Foundations and Principles of the Social Web - Social Tagging - Rating and Filtering of Digital Resources Empirical Analysisof User Contributions - The Functional and Linguistic Structure of Tags - A Comparative Analysis of Tags for Different Digital Resource Types - Exploring Relevance Assessments in Social IR Systems - Exploring User Contribution Within a Higher Education Scenario - Summary of Empirical Results and Implications for Designing Social Information Systems User Contribution for a Participative Information System - Social Information Architecture for an Online Help System
    Object
    Web 2.0
    RSWK
    World Wide Web 2.0 / Benutzer / Online-Publizieren / Information Retrieval / Soziale Software / Hilfesystem
    Social Tagging / Filter / Web log / World Wide Web 2.0
    RVK
    AN 96800 Allgemeines / Buch- und Bibliothekswesen, Informationswissenschaft / Informationswissenschaft / Informationsvermittlung, Informationsplanung / Bewertung, Effizienz, Qualität
    Subject
    World Wide Web 2.0 / Benutzer / Online-Publizieren / Information Retrieval / Soziale Software / Hilfesystem
    Social Tagging / Filter / Web log / World Wide Web 2.0
  11. Notess, G.R.: Teaching Web search skills : techniques and strategies of top trainers (2006) 0.02 
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    Classification
    025.04071 / 22
    Content
    Web searching and the teaching paradox -- Understanding our audience -- Choosing the instructional session types -- Online tutorials : friend or foe? -- Organization : focus, length, and goals -- Terminology -- Content : Web search features -- Content : primary concepts -- Additional content : image searching, news, usenet, and more -- The search engines -- Creating a framed workshop Web page -- Presentation tips, tricks, and shortcuts -- Tales from the trenches : anecdotes, examples, and exercises.
    DDC
    025.04071 / 22
    Footnote
    Rez. in: Online-Mitteilungen 2007, H.89, S.17-18 (M. Katzmayr): "Eine der Herausforderungen, der sich Web-Trainerinnen regelmäßig ausgesetzt sehen, besteht in der Kurzlebigkeit der Recherchetools und ihrer ständig wechselnden Funktionalitäten. Wer spricht heute noch von den Suchmaschinen AltaVista oder Lycos? (Hoffentlich) niemand mehr. Diese Dynamik in der Internetbranche wirkt allerdings auf viele potentielle Vortragende abschreckend, scheint es doch ein unzumutbarer Aufwand zu sein, sich laufend über neue Entwicklungen zu informieren. Wer darunter leidet oder zum ersten Mal eine Webschulung vorbereitet, sollte einen Blick in das vorliegende Buch werfen. Dessen Autor, Greg. R. Notess ist im Bereich des praktischen Web Information Retrieval kein Unbekannter: der Auskunftsbibliothekar an der Montana State University hat sich als Betreiber der Website Search Engine Showdown (http://www.search engineshowdown.com), vielgereister Vortragender, erfahrener Didaktiker und regelmäßiger Autor der Zeitschrift Online einen exzellenten Ruf in der Internet-Gemeinde erworben. Nun liegen seine Kenntnisse zur Vermittlung der Webrecherche auch als Monographie vor, die sich an Leiterinnen von Webschulungen richtet. Zum einen finden sich darin eine Vielzahl an didaktischen und organisatorischen Hinweisen zur Planung und Durchführung von Webschulungen. So werden z.B. die verschiedenen Typen von Kursteilnehmerinnen beschrieben und welchen Problemen sich Anfängerinnen in der Webrecherche in der Regel gegenübersehen. Es werden die verschiedenen Arten von Schulungen (Frontalvorträge, Schulungen mit Übungsmöglichkeiten und Online-Tutorials) mit ihren jeweiligen Vor- und Nachteilen sowie idealtypischen Einsatzmöglichkeiten dargestellt, weiters werden Hinweise zu Zielsetzungen und Länge von Kursen gegeben.
    Die anderen Kapitel verweisen auf den Inhalt von Webschulungen. Neben der wichtigen Diskussion von terminologischen Fragen - die Fähigkeit zur Differenzierung von Suchmaschine, Metasuchmaschine und Verzeichnis ist immerhin unverzichtbare Grundlage der-Internetkompetenz - wird auf allgemeine Suchfunktionen wie Phrasensuche, Suchoperatoren, Feldsuche etc. eingegangen. Zwei Kapitel befassen sich mit den möglichen Themenschwerpunkten von Webschulungen: als besonders wesentlich werden von Notess unter anderem die Ausformulierung der Fragestellung, der Hinweis auf die Vielfalt der zur Verfügung stehenden Recherchewerkzeuge, die differenzierte Verwendung von Suchmaschinen und Verzeichnissen und die Bewertung der im Web aufgefundenen Information genannt. Durch diese Auswahl wird (im Buch leider nur implizit) verdeutlicht, dass hier ein wesentlicher Schlüssel zur Bewältigung der eingangs erwähnten Problemstellung liegt: durch eine Konzentration auf diese "zukunftssicheren" Themen - sie unterliegen keinen kurzfristigen Änderungen - ist auch die Vorbereitung von Webkursen und die Aktualisierung der Lehrunterlagen ein überschaubarer Aufwand. Eine Strategie, der übrigens auch das vorliegende Buch folgt: es beschränkt sich auf allgemeine Konzepte und Herangehensweisen und vermeidet eine allzu detailreiche Darstellung der gegenwärtig gerade angesagten Tools und Web-Plattformen. Dezidiert aktuell will nur das Kapitel zur Auflistung und kurzen Beschreibung der derzeit wichtigsten Universalsuchmaschinen sein; es ist zum Zeitpunkt des Schreibens dieser Rezension bereits veraltet. Der sehr umfangreiche Anhang enthält neben einem Verzeichnis relevanter Internetquellen eine hilfreiche Fundgrube an Musterbeispielen von Lehrunterlagen zu verschiedensten Webthemen. Ein knappes Literaturverzeichnis und ein sorgfältig gearbeitetes Register beschließen den Band. Fazit: Jene, die vor oder am Beginn ihrer Schulungstätigkeit stehen, sollten diesen durchwegs gelungenen Band unbedingt zu Rate ziehen, und selbst erfahrene Vortragende können sicher das eine oder andere Detail zur Verbesserung ihrer Unterrichtsgestaltung darin finden. Da ein lebendiger und leicht verständlicher Stil gewählt wurde, ist es auch Leserlnnen mit nicht-englischer Muttersprache möglich, das Buch zügig durchzulesen, wobei aufgrund der eingestreuten Anekdoten die Lektüre recht kurzweilig ausfällt. Schließlich ist auch dem Verlag Information Today zu gratulieren: vom Inhaltsverzeichnis über Gliederung und Schriftbild bis hin zum Register ist dieses Buch ein Musterbeispiel guter und zugleich preiswerter verlegerischer Arbeit."
  12. Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Challenges and opportunities for KOS standards (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  13. Morville, P.: Ambient findability : what we find changes who we become (2005) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    How do you find your way in an age of information overload? How can you filter streams of complex information to pull out only what you want? Why does it matter how information is structured when Google seems to magically bring up the right answer to your questions? What does it mean to be "findable" in this day and age? This eye-opening new book examines the convergence of information and connectivity. Written by Peter Morville, author of the groundbreakin Information Architecture for the World Wide Web, the book defines our current age as a state of unlimited findability. In other words, anyone can find anything at any time. Complete navigability. Morville discusses the Internet, GIS, and other network technologies that are coming together to make unlimited findability possible. He explores how the melding of these innovations impacts society, since Web access is now a standard requirement for successful people and businesses. But before he does that, Morville looks back at the history of wayfinding and human evolution, suggesting that our fear of being lost has driven us to create maps, charts, and now, the mobile Internet.
    Footnote
    Rez. in: nfd - Information Wissenschaft und Praxis 57(2006) H.3, S.177-178 (D. Lewandowski): "Wohl unbestritten ist, dass die Suche in Informationsbeständen eine immer größere Bedeutung erhält. Wir suchen nicht nur noch explizit, indem wir ein Informationssystem anwählen und dort eine Suche absetzen, sondern verwenden Suchfunktionen innerhalb von Programmen, auf Websites, innerhalb des Betriebssystems unseres Computers oder sogar ziemlich unbewusst, indem wir Informationen maßgeschneidert aufgrund einer einmal hinterlegten Suche oder eines automatisch erstellten Suchprofils erhalten. Man kann also in der Tat davon sprechen, dass wir von der Suche umgeben werden. Das ist mit dem Konzept der "Ambient Findability" gemeint. Angelehnt ist diese Bezeichnung an den Begriff der "Ambient Music" (in den 70er Jahren durch Brian Eno geprägt), die den Hörer umgibt und von ihm oft gar nicht aktiv wahrgenommen wird. Um eine Vorstellung von dieser Musik zu bekommen, eignet sich vielleicht am besten der Titel einer Platte eben von Brian Eno: "Music for Airports". Peter Morville, bekannt als Co-Autor des empfehlenswerten Buchs "Information Architecture for the World Wide Web"', hat sich nun mit der Veränderung der Suche auseinandergesetzt. Sein Buch bedient sich in ganz unterschiedlichen Disziplinen, um die Prozesse des Suchens, Stöberns und Findens aufzuzeigen. So finden sich Betrachtungen über die Orientierung des Menschen in unbekannten Umgebungen, über die Interaktion mit Informationssystemen, über das soziale Verhalten der Web-Nutzer (Stichworte: Content-Tagging, Folksonomies, Social Networking) und über technische Veränderungen durch die Verfügbarkeit von Informationssystemen in allen Lebenskontexten, vor allem auch über mobile Endgeräte. Das Buch ist in sieben Kapitel gegliedert. Das erste, "Lost and Found" betitelt, bietet auf wenigen Seiten die Definitionen der zentralen Begriffe ambient und findability, erläutert kurz das Konzept der Information Literacy und zeigt, dass die bessere Auffindbarkeit von Informationen nicht nur ein schöner Zusatznutzen ist, sondern sich für Unternehmen deutlich auszahlt.
    Das zweite Kapitel ("A Brief History of Wayfinding") beschreibt, wie Menschen sich in Umgebungen zurechtfinden. Dies ist insofern interessant, als hier nicht erst bei Informationssystemen oder dem WWW begonnen wird, sondern allgemeine Erkenntnisse beispielsweise über die Orientierung in natürlichen Umgebungen präsentiert werden. Viele typische Verhaltensweisen der Nutzer von Informationssystemen können so erklärt werden. So interessant dieses Thema allerdings ist, wirkt das Kapitel leider doch nur wie eine Zusammenstellung von Informationen aus zweiter Hand. Offensichtlich ist, dass Morville nicht selbst an diesen Themen geforscht hat, sondern die Ergebnisse (wenn auch auf ansprechende Weise) zusammengeschrieben hat. Dieser Eindruck bestätigt sich auch in weiteren Kapiteln: Ein flüssig geschriebener Text, der es jedoch an einigen Stellen an Substanz fehlen lässt. Kapitel drei, "Information Interaction" beginnt mit einem Rückgriff auf Calvin Mooers zentrale Aussage aus dem Jahre 1959: "An information retrieval system will tend not to be used whenever it is more painful and troublesome for a customer to have information than for him not to have it." In der Tat sollte man sich dies bei der Erstellung von Informationssystemen immer vergegenwärtigen; die Reihe der Systeme, die gerade an dieser Hürde gescheitert sind, ist lang. Das weitere Kapitel führt in einige zentrale Konzepte der Informationswissenschaft (Definition des Begriffs Information, Erläuterung des Information Retrieval, Wissensrepräsentation, Information Seeking Behaviour) ein, allerdings ohne jeden Anspruch auf Vollständigkeit. Es wirkt vielmehr so, dass der Autor sich die gerade für sein Anliegen passenden Konzepte auswählt und konkurrierende Ansätze beiseite lässt. Nur ein Beispiel: Im Abschnitt "Information Interaction" wird relativ ausführlich das Konzept des Berrypicking nach Marcia J. Bates präsentiert, allerdings wird es geradezu als exklusiv verkauft, was es natürlich bei weitem nicht ist. Natürlich kann es nicht Aufgabe dieses Buchs sein, einen vollständigen Überblick über alle Theorien des menschlichen Suchverhaltens zu geben (dies ist an anderer Stelle vorbildlich geleistet worden'), aber doch wenigstens der Hinweis auf einige zentrale Ansätze wäre angebracht gewesen. Spätestens in diesem Kapitel wird klar, dass das Buch sich definitiv nicht an Informationswissenschaftler wendet, die auf der einen Seite mit den grundlegenden Themen vertraut sein dürften, andererseits ein wenig mehr Tiefgang erwarten würden. Also stellt sich die Frage - und diese ist zentral für die Bewertung des gesamten Werks.
    Im Kapitel über das "Sociosemantic Web" werden die groben Grundzüge der Klassifikationslehre erläutert, um dann ausführlich auf neuere Ansätze der Web-Erschließung wie Social Tagging und Folksonomies einzugehen. Auch dieses Kapitel gibt eher einen Überblick als den schon Kundigen vertiefende Informationen zu liefern. Das letzte Kapitel widmet sich schließlich der Art, wie Entscheidungen getroffen werden, der Network Culture, dem Information Overload, um schließlich zu den "Inspired Decisions" zu gelangen - Entscheidungen, die sowohl auf "sachlichen Informationen" (also den klassischen Zutaten der "informed decisions") als auch aus aus Netzwerken stammenden Informationen wie etwa Empfehlungen durch Freunde oder Community-Mitglieder irgendeiner Art gewonnen werden. Fasst man zusammen, so ist an Morvilles Text besonders bemerkenswert, dass nach einigen Jahren, in denen die Suche im Web als ein Problem der Suche in unstrukturierten Daten angesehen wurde, nun wieder verstärkt Erschließungsansätze, die auf klassische Erschließungsinstrumente zurückgreifen, propagiert werden. Zwar sollen sie nicht in ihrer ursprünglichen Form angewandt werden, da den Nutzern nicht zuzumuten ist, sich mit den entsprechenden Regeln auseinanderzusetzen, aber auch hinter der auf den ersten Blick zumindest chaotisch wirkenden Folksonomy ist das Prinzip der Klassifikation zu erkennen. Um die modernen Ansätze erfolgreich zu machen, bedarf es aber dringend Information Professionals, die das "beste aus beiden Welten" verbinden, um moderne, für den Nutzer optimale Informationssysteme zu schaffen. Für die Gesamtbewertung des Buchs gelten die bereits zu einzelnen Kapitels angeführten Kritikpunkte: In erster Linie bleibt das Buch zu sehr an der Oberfläche und wirkt irgendwie "zusammengeschrieben" anstatt als Ergebnis der tiefgreifenden Beschäftigung mit dem Thema. Als eine Einführung in aufkommende Technologien rund um die Suche ist es aber durchaus geeignet - gut lesbar ist der Text auf jeden Fall.
  14. Creating Web-accessible databases : case studies for libraries, museums, and other nonprofits (2001) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 3.2008 12:21:28
    LCSH
    Web databases
    Subject
    Web databases
  15. Chung, W.; Chen, H.: Browsing the underdeveloped Web : an experiment on the Arabic Medical Web Directory (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    While the Web has grown significantly in recent years, some portions of the Web remain largely underdeveloped, as shown in a lack of high-quality content and functionality. An example is the Arabic Web, in which a lack of well-structured Web directories limits users' ability to browse for Arabic resources. In this research, we proposed an approach to building Web directories for the underdeveloped Web and developed a proof-of-concept prototype called the Arabic Medical Web Directory (AMedDir) that supports browsing of over 5,000 Arabic medical Web sites and pages organized in a hierarchical structure. We conducted an experiment involving Arab participants and found that the AMedDir significantly outperformed two benchmark Arabic Web directories in terms of browsing effectiveness, efficiency, information quality, and user satisfaction. Participants expressed strong preference for the AMedDir and provided many positive comments. This research thus contributes to developing a useful Web directory for organizing the information in the Arabic medical domain and to a better understanding of how to support browsing on the underdeveloped Web.
    Date
    22. 3.2009 17:57:50
  16. Mitchell, J.S.: DDC 22 : an introduction (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Dewey Decimal Classification and Relative Index, Edition 22 (DDC 22) will be issued simultaneously in print and web versions in July 2003. The new edition is the first full print update to the Dewey Decimal Classification system in seven years-it includes several significant updates and many new numbers and topics. DDC 22 also features some fundamental structural changes that have been introduced with the goals of promoting classifier efficiency and improving the DDC for use in a variety of applications in the web environment. Most importantly, the content of the new edition has been shaped by the needs and recommendations of Dewey users around the world. The worldwide user community has an important role in shaping the future of the DDC.
    Object
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  17. Shen, X.; Li, D.; Shen, C.: Evaluating China's university library Web sites using correspondence analysis (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In recent years, many evaluations of Web sites have been conducted, and relevant researches have also been carried out in academic circles. Correspondence analysis is introduced in this paper to evaluate university library Web sites through building a correspondence analysis model. This paper gives suggestions as to how to construct university library Web sites based on analysis and summary of evaluation results, in a bid to strengthen the construction of university library Web sites.
    Date
    22. 7.2006 16:40:18
  18. OWL Web Ontology Language Test Cases (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This document contains and presents test cases for the Web Ontology Language (OWL) approved by the Web Ontology Working Group. Many of the test cases illustrate the correct usage of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and the formal meaning of its constructs. Other test cases illustrate the resolution of issues considered by the Working Group. Conformance for OWL documents and OWL document checkers is specified.
    Date
    14. 8.2011 13:33:22
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  19. Yoo, E.-Y.; Robbins, L.S.: Understanding middle-aged women's health information seeking on the web : a theoretical approach (2008) 0.01 
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    Date
    9. 2.2008 17:52:22
  20. Broughton, V.: Automatic metadata generation : Digital resource description without human intervention (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web

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