Search (184 results, page 1 of 10)

  • × year_i:[2000 TO 2010}
  • × theme_ss:"Semantic Web"
  1. Stojanovic, N.: Ontology-based Information Retrieval : methods and tools for cooperative query answering (2005) 0.28 
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    Abstract
    By the explosion of possibilities for a ubiquitous content production, the information overload problem reaches the level of complexity which cannot be managed by traditional modelling approaches anymore. Due to their pure syntactical nature traditional information retrieval approaches did not succeed in treating content itself (i.e. its meaning, and not its representation). This leads to a very low usefulness of the results of a retrieval process for a user's task at hand. In the last ten years ontologies have been emerged from an interesting conceptualisation paradigm to a very promising (semantic) modelling technology, especially in the context of the Semantic Web. From the information retrieval point of view, ontologies enable a machine-understandable form of content description, such that the retrieval process can be driven by the meaning of the content. However, the very ambiguous nature of the retrieval process in which a user, due to the unfamiliarity with the underlying repository and/or query syntax, just approximates his information need in a query, implies a necessity to include the user in the retrieval process more actively in order to close the gap between the meaning of the content and the meaning of a user's query (i.e. his information need). This thesis lays foundation for such an ontology-based interactive retrieval process, in which the retrieval system interacts with a user in order to conceptually interpret the meaning of his query, whereas the underlying domain ontology drives the conceptualisation process. In that way the retrieval process evolves from a query evaluation process into a highly interactive cooperation between a user and the retrieval system, in which the system tries to anticipate the user's information need and to deliver the relevant content proactively. Moreover, the notion of content relevance for a user's query evolves from a content dependent artefact to the multidimensional context-dependent structure, strongly influenced by the user's preferences. This cooperation process is realized as the so-called Librarian Agent Query Refinement Process. In order to clarify the impact of an ontology on the retrieval process (regarding its complexity and quality), a set of methods and tools for different levels of content and query formalisation is developed, ranging from pure ontology-based inferencing to keyword-based querying in which semantics automatically emerges from the results. Our evaluation studies have shown that the possibilities to conceptualize a user's information need in the right manner and to interpret the retrieval results accordingly are key issues for realizing much more meaningful information retrieval systems.
    Content
    Vgl.: http%3A%2F%2Fdigbib.ubka.uni-karlsruhe.de%2Fvolltexte%2Fdocuments%2F1627&ei=tAtYUYrBNoHKtQb3l4GYBw&usg=AFQjCNHeaxKkKU3-u54LWxMNYGXaaDLCGw&sig2=8WykXWQoDKjDSdGtAakH2Q&bvm=bv.44442042,d.Yms.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  2. Schmidt, J.; Pellegrini, T.: ¬Das Social Semantic Web aus kommunikationssoziologischer Perspektive (2009) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Zwei Trends prägen derzeit die Gestalt des Internets: Auf der einen Seite finden sich Entwicklungen rund um das "Web 2.0" oder "Social Web", die dem einzelnen Nutzer neue Möglichkeiten des onlinegestützten Identitäts-, Beziehungs- und Informationsmanagements eröffnen. Auf der anderen Seite stehen die Innovationen des Semantic Web, die Relationen zwischen Datenbeständen strukturieren helfen, um so zu verbesserten maschinellen Repräsentationen von Wissen zu gelangen. Dieser Beitrag skizziert die Idee eines "Social Semantic Web", in dem beide Entwicklungen zusammenfließen. Als Scharnier dient dabei der Begriff der Prodnutzung, der die aktive Rolle des Nutzers bei der Erstellung, Verbreitung und Weiterentwicklung von Inhalten wie von strukturiertem Wissen betont.
    Object
    Web 2.0
    Source
    Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0, was nun? Hrsg.: A. Blumauer u. T. Pellegrini
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  3. Voss, J.: LibraryThing : Web 2.0 für Literaturfreunde und Bibliotheken (2007) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    LibraryThing ist eine zur Klasse der Sozialen Software gehörende Webanwendung, in der Benutzer gemeinsam Bücher verwalten und miteinander in Kontakt treten können. Die Webseite wurde Ende August 2005 veröffentlicht und verzeichnet inzwischen (Juli 2007) über 235.000 Benutzer und 16 Millionen verschiedene Bücher. Jeder Nutzer verfügt über eine eigene Sammlung, die in LibraryThing als "Bibliotheken" oder "Katalog" bezeichnet wird. Die Katalogisierung geschieht in eine gemeinsame Datenbank, die von allen Nutzern direkt bearbeitet werden kann. Da es sich um eine reine Webanwendung handelt, muss zur Nutzung keine weitere Software installiert werden. Die Nutzung ist für bis zu 200 Medien kostenlos, eine jährliche Mitgliedschaft kostet 10 $ und eine lebenslange Mitgliedschaft 25 $. Bibliotheken und andere nichtkommerzielle Einrichtungen zahlen 15 $ pro Jahr. Dieses Preismodell hat sich auch nicht geändert, nachdem 40% des Unternehmens im Mai 2006 vom Gebrauchtbuchhändler AbeBooks übernommen wurden. Die Mehrheit hält weiterhin der Gründer Tim Spalding, der die ursprünglich als privates Projekt begonnene Seite mit inzwischen zwei weiteren Entwicklern und einer Bibliothekarin kontinuierlich weiterentwickelt.
    Content
    "Vom Nutzer zur Community Wie bei anderen Formen Sozialer Software beruht die Popularität von LibraryThing zu einem großen Teil auf den Interaktionsmöglichkeiten, durch die Nutzer miteinander in Kontakt treten und zusammenarbeiten. Neben einem allgemeinen Forum und Diskussionen zu konkreten Büchern, können sich Nutzer zu Gruppen zusammenschließen, beispielsweise die Comic-Liebhaber in der Gruppe Comics' und die deutschsprachigen LibraryThing-Nutzer in der Gruppe German Library Thingers. Per RSS können Nachrichten zu neuen Teilnehmern, Gruppen und Büchern aus Sammlungen von Gruppenmitgliedern abonniert werden. Jeder Benutzer verfügt über eine Profilseite, auf der er sich anderen Nutzern vorstellen kann und wo diese ihm Nachrichten hinterlassen können. Zu den Einträgen einzelner Nutzer, Werke, Bücher und Autoren wird jeweils angezeigt, welche Nutzer über die gleichen Bücher in ihrer Sammlung verfügen - so bringt LibraryThing Menschen zusammen, die sich für die gleichen Bücher interessieren. Jeder Nutzer kann zudem Bücher auf einer Skala von null bis fünf Sternen bewerten und Rezensionen einstellen. Erschließung leichtgemacht Nutzer können in LibraryThing bereits vorhandene Bücher mit einem Klick in ihre eigene Sammlung aufnehmen oder wieder entfernen. Das so kopierte Katalogisat können sie dann beliebig bearbeiten. Die Bearbeitung erfolgt nach dem Wiki-Prinzip direkt im Webbrowser. Bei der Anzeige einzelner Bücher und Werke werden die verschiedenen Metadaten dann zusammengefasst angezeigt. Andere Inhalte, wie die Autorenseiten (vergleichbar mit Personen-Normdatensätzen), können von allen Nutzern verändert werden. Eine wesentliche Rolle bei der Erschließung spielen freie Schlagwörter (Tags), aber auch DDC-Nummern lassen sich eintragen und werden beim Import aus Bibliothekskatalogen übernommen. Mit knapp 15 Feldern (Tags, Rezension, Bewertung, Titel, Autor, Weitere Autoren, Datum, ISBN, LoC-Signatur, DDC-Nummern, bibliographische Daten, Zusammenfassung, Kommentar und bis zu drei Sprachen) ist die Erschließung noch überschaubar und wird vor allem den Bedürfnissen der Nutzer gerecht.
    Zusammenarbeit mit Bibliotheken Bereits früh setzte sich Tim Spalding für eine Zusammenarbeit mit Bibliotheken ein. Zum Eintragen von neuen Büchern in LibraryThing können zahlreiche Bibliothekskataloge ausgewählt werden, die via Z39.50 eingebunden werden - seit Oktober 2006 ist auch der GBV dabei. Im April 2007 veröffentlichte Tim Spalding mit LibraryThing for Libraries ein Reihe von Webservices, die Bibliotheken in ihre OPACs einbinden können.4 Ein Webservice ist eine Funktion, die von anderen Programmen über das Web aufgerufen werden kann und Daten zurückliefert. Bereits seit Juni 2006 können über verschiedene offene LibraryThing-Webservices unter Anderem zu einer gegebenen ISBN die Sprache und eine Liste von ISBNs anderer Auflagen und Übersetzungen ermittelt werden, die zum gleichen Werk gehören (thinglSBN). Damit setzt LibraryThing praktisch einen Teil der Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) um, die in bibliothekswissenschaftlichen Fachkreisen bereits seit Anfang der 1990er diskutiert werden, aber bislang nicht so Recht ihre Umsetzung in Katalogen gefunden haben. Die Information darüber, welche Bücher zum gleichen Werk gehören, wird von der LibraryThing-Community bereitgestellt; jeder Benutzer kann einzelne Ausgaben mit einem Klick zusammenführen oder wieder trennen. Vergleiche mit dem ähnlichen Dienst xISBN von OCLC zeigen, dass sich thinglSBN und xISBN gut ergänzen, allerdings bietet LibraryThing seinen Webservice im Gegensatz zu OCLC kostenlos an. Neben Empfehlungen von verwandten Büchern ist es im Rahmen von LibraryThing for Libraries auch möglich, die von den Nutzern vergebenen Tags in den eigenen Katalog einzubinden. Ein Nachteil dabei ist allerdings die bisherige Übermacht der englischen Sprache und dass nur selbständige Titel mit ISBN berücksichtigt werden. Die VZG prüft derzeit, in welcher Form LibraryThing for Libraries am besten in GBV-Bibliotheken umgesetzt werden kann. Es spricht allerdings für jede einzelne Bibliothek nichts dagegen, schon jetzt damit zu experimentieren, wie der eigene OPAC mit zusätzlichen Links und Tags von LibraryThing aussehen könnte. Darüber hinaus können sich auch Bibliotheken mit einem eigenen Zugang als Nutzer in LibraryThing beteiligen. So stellt beispielsweise die Stadtbücherei Nordenham bereits seit Ende 2005 ihre Neuzugänge im Erwachsenenbestand in einer Sammlung bei LibraryThing ein.
    Beispiel für die Anwendung von LibraryThing for Libraries im Katalog des Waterford Institute of Technology (): Zu einer ISBN werden auf Basis der in LibraryThing gesammelten Daten andere Auflagen und Übersetzungen, ähnliche Bücher und Tags eingeblendet. Soziale Software lebt vom Mitmachen Vieles spricht dafür, dass LibraryThing auf dem besten Weg ist, sich zu einem der wichtigsten Web 2.0-Dienste für die Zusammenarbeit mit Bibliotheken zu entwickeln. Wie schon bei Wikipedia gibt es allerdings noch viel zu oft Berührungsängste und die Vorstellung, dass sich diese Dienste erst durch Hilfe von Außen in der eigenen Einrichtung einführen ließen. Soziale Software lebt jedoch von der Zusammenarbeit und dem freien Austausch von Gedanken und Informationen. Deshalb hilft nur eins: Ausprobieren und Mitmachen. Ebenso wie Wikipedia schwer zu beurteilen ist, ohne selbst mit anderen Wikipedianern einen Artikel erstellt und diskutiert zu haben, erschließt sich LibraryThing erst vollständig durch eine eigene dort angelegte Büchersammlung. Zum Kennenlernen reicht der kostenlose Zugang und mit 15 $ Jahresgebühr können auch Bibliotheken problemlos bis zu 5.000 Medieneinheiten pro Sammlung einstellen. Wenn Sie erstmal mehr mit Library-Thing vertraut sind, werden Ihnen sicherlich weitere Einsatzmöglichkeiten für Ihre Einrichtung und deren Nutzer einfallen. LibraryThing entwickelt sich beständig weiter und dürfte noch für einige Überraschungen gut sein.
    Date
    22. 9.2007 10:36:23
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  4. Berners-Lee, T.; Hendler, J.; Lassila, O.: Mein Computer versteht mich (2001) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Was wäre, wenn der Computer den Inhalt einer Seite aus dem World Wide Web nicht nur anzeigen, sondern auch seine Bedeutung erfassen würde? Er könnte ungeahnte Dinge für seinen Benutzer tun - und das vielleicht schon bald, wenn das semantische Netz etabliert ist
    Footnote
    Dt. Übersetzung von: The Semantic Web: a new form of Web content that is meaningful to computers will unleash a revolution of new possibilities. In: Scientific American. 284(2001) no.5, S.34-43.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  5. Blumauer, A.; Pellegrini, T.: Semantic Web Revisited : Eine kurze Einführung in das Social Semantic Web (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Während in den vergangenen Monaten Themen wie Web 2.0 und Social Software ein erstaunliches Konjunkturhoch erlebt haben, vollzieht sich weitgehend abseits der öffentlichen Wahrnehmung eine technologische Komplementärinnovation. Die wachsende Adaption semantischer Technologien zu Zwecken der strukturierten Erschließung von "Web 2.0 Content", aber auch der Einsatz von Social Software zur kollaborativen Anreicherung von Web Content mit maschinenlesbaren Metadaten sind Ausdruck eines Trends in Richtung "Social Semantic Web". Bezeichnendes Merkmal dieser Entwicklung ist die voranschreitende Konvergenz zwischen Social Software und Semantic Web Technologien. Dieser Beitrag hat das Ziel ein allgemeines Bewusstsein und Verständnis dieser Entwicklung zu schaffen und nähert sich dem Phänomen aus einer nichttechnischen Perspektive.
    Object
    Web 2.0
    Pages
    S.3-22
    Source
    Social Semantic Web: Web 2.0, was nun? Hrsg.: A. Blumauer u. T. Pellegrini
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  6. Dextre Clarke, S.G.: Challenges and opportunities for KOS standards (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  7. OWL Web Ontology Language Test Cases (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This document contains and presents test cases for the Web Ontology Language (OWL) approved by the Web Ontology Working Group. Many of the test cases illustrate the correct usage of the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and the formal meaning of its constructs. Other test cases illustrate the resolution of issues considered by the Working Group. Conformance for OWL documents and OWL document checkers is specified.
    Date
    14. 8.2011 13:33:22
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  8. Schneider, R.: Web 3.0 ante portas? : Integration von Social Web und Semantic Web (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Das Medium Internet ist im Wandel, und mit ihm ändern sich seine Publikations- und Rezeptionsbedingungen. Welche Chancen bieten die momentan parallel diskutierten Zukunftsentwürfe von Social Web und Semantic Web? Zur Beantwortung dieser Frage beschäftigt sich der Beitrag mit den Grundlagen beider Modelle unter den Aspekten Anwendungsbezug und Technologie, beleuchtet darüber hinaus jedoch auch deren Unzulänglichkeiten sowie den Mehrwert einer mediengerechten Kombination. Am Beispiel des grammatischen Online-Informationssystems grammis wird eine Strategie zur integrativen Nutzung der jeweiligen Stärken skizziert.
    Date
    22. 1.2011 10:38:28
    Source
    Kommunikation, Partizipation und Wirkungen im Social Web, Band 1. Hrsg.: A. Zerfaß u.a
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  9. Broughton, V.: Automatic metadata generation : Digital resource description without human intervention (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  10. Tudhope, D.: Knowledge Organization System Services : brief review of NKOS activities and possibility of KOS registries (2007) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 9.2007 15:41:14
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  11. Faaborg, A.; Lagoze, C.: Semantic browsing (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    We have created software applications that allow users to both author and use Semantic Web metadata. To create and use a layer of semantic content on top of the existing Web, we have (1) implemented a user interface that expedites the task of attributing metadata to resources on the Web, and (2) augmented a Web browser to leverage this semantic metadata to provide relevant information and tasks to the user. This project provides a framework for annotating and reorganizing existing files, pages, and sites on the Web that is similar to Vannevar Bushrsquos original concepts of trail blazing and associative indexing.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 7th European Conference, proceedings / ECDL 2003, Trondheim, Norway, August 17-22, 2003
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  12. Synak, M.; Dabrowski, M.; Kruk, S.R.: Semantic Web and ontologies (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This chapter presents ontologies and their role in the creation of the Semantic Web. Ontologies hold special interest, because they are very closely related to the way we understand the world. They provide common understanding, the very first step to successful communication. In following sections, we will present ontologies, how they are created and used. We will describe available tools for specifying and working with ontologies.
    Date
    31. 7.2010 16:58:22
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  13. Franklin, R.A.: Re-inventing subject access for the semantic web (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    First generation scholarly research on the Web lacked a firm system of authority control. Second generation Web research is beginning to model subject access with library science principles of bibliographic control and cataloguing. Harnessing the Web and organising the intellectual content with standards and controlled vocabulary provides precise search and retrieval capability, increasing relevance and efficient use of technology. Dublin Core metadata standards permit a full evaluation and cataloguing of Web resources appropriate to highly specific research needs and discovery. Current research points to a type of structure based on a system of faceted classification. This system allows the semantic and syntactic relationships to be defined. Controlled vocabulary, such as the Library of Congress Subject Headings, can be assigned, not in a hierarchical structure, but rather as descriptive facets of relating concepts. Web design features such as this are adding value to discovery and filtering out data that lack authority. The system design allows for scalability and extensibility, two technical features that are integral to future development of the digital library and resource discovery.
    Date
    30.12.2008 18:22:46
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  14. Malmsten, M.: Making a library catalogue part of the Semantic Web (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Library catalogues contain an enormous amount of structured, high-quality data, however, this data is generally not made available to semantic web applications. In this paper we describe the tools and techniques used to make the Swedish Union Catalogue (LIBRIS) part of the Semantic Web and Linked Data. The focus is on links to and between resources and the mechanisms used to make data available, rather than perfect description of the individual resources. We also present a method of creating links between records of the same work.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  15. Daconta, M.C.; Oberst, L.J.; Smith, K.T.: ¬The Semantic Web : A guide to the future of XML, Web services and knowledge management (2003) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    "The Semantic Web is an extension of the current Web in which information is given well defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation." - Tim Berners Lee, "Scientific American", May 2001. This authoritative guide shows how the "Semantic Web" works technically and how businesses can utilize it to gain a competitive advantage. It explains what taxonomies and ontologies are as well as their importance in constructing the Semantic Web. The companion web site includes further updates as the framework develops and links to related sites.
    Date
    22. 5.2007 10:37:38
    Footnote
    Rez. Amazon: "Die Autoren bezeichnen das Buch im Vorwort als strategischen Führer für Führungskräfte und Entwickler die sich einen Überblick über das Semantic Web und die dahinter stehende Vision machen wollen. Genau diesem Anspruch wird das Buch auch absolut gerecht. Die ersten beiden Kapitel beschreiben die Vision sowie die Möglichkeiten, die sich durch den Einsatz der in den nachfolgenden Kapiteln beschriebenen Techniken bieten. Die Autoren schaffen es anhand vieler praktischer Szenarien (die zwar teilweise meiner Einschätzung nach schon noch in einiger Zukunft liegen, aber die große Vision des ganzen schön vergegenwärtigen) sehr schnell den Leser für die Technik zu begeistern und mehr darüber wissen zu wollen. Die nachfolgenden Kapitel beschreiben die Techniken auf den verschiedenen semantischen Ebenen von XML als Basis für alles weitere, über Web Services, RDF, Taxonomies und Ontologies. Den Autoren gelingt es die beschriebenen Techniken so kurz und prägnant zu erklären, dass sich der Leser danach zumindest ein Bild über die Techniken an sich, sowie über deren komplexes Zusammenspiel machen kann. Auch für Entwickler würde ich das Buch empfehlen, da es einen sehr guten Einstieg in viele doch sehr neue Techniken bietet mit vielen Verweisen auf weitere Literatur. Alles in allem ein sehr gelungenes Buch, das es trotz relativ geringem Umfangs schafft, einen guten Überblick über dieses komplexe Thema zu vermitteln."
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    Web site development
    RSWK
    Semantic Web
    Subject
    Semantic Web
    Semantic Web
    Web site development
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  16. Kleinz, T.: Beute im Netz : Das Web 2.0 hilft, Freunde mit gleichen Interessen zu finden - doch auch Geheimdienste und Betrüger lesen mit (2006) 0.01 
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    Content
    "Knapp zwei Jahre ist es her, seitdem der USVerleger Tim O'Reilly das "Web 2.0" ausgerufen hat - das soziale Internet. Seitdem hat sich das Angebot im weltumspannenden Datennetz gewandelt. Nicht Redaktionen oder Firmen gestalten zunehmend Angebote, sondern die Nutzer selbst. Sie schreiben in Weblogs über ihren Alltag, tragen ihre Freunde in Kontaktbörsen ein, stellen Fotos, Videos und Musik ins Netz. Doch nicht nur Freunde nutzen die Vorteile des neuen Netzes - auch Betrüger, Geheimdienste und Firmen sind dabei. "Die Weisheit der Massen kann viel zu leicht in den Wahnsinn der Massen umschlagen", warnt Web-2.0-Vordenker O'Reilly. Er spricht von der "dunklen Seite" des Web 2.0. "Kollektive Intelligenz erfordert das Speichern gewaltiger Datenmengen. Diese können genutzt werden, um innovative Dienste zur Verfügung zu stellen. Die gleichen Daten können aber auch unsere Privatsphäre bedrohen." So tobt in einer Mailingliste der Online-Enzyklopädie Wikipedia eine Debatte über ein Auswertungswerkzeug. Eine Webseite trug zahlreiche Details über alle WikipediaNutzer zusammen. Sie zeigte, wer wie lange und in welchen Feldern der Wikipedia tätig war. Übersichtliche Wochengrafiken veranschaulichten, zu welchen Tageszeiten welche Nutzer gerne aktiv sind. Einem ehemaligen Mitwirkenden gefällt das nicht. Uli Fuchs beklagte, solche Auswertungen verstießen gegen sein Recht auf informationelle Selbstbestimmung und wahrscheinlich gegen mehrere Gesetze. Die Wikipedia-Verantwortlichen knickten ein: Bis zu einer rechtlichen Klärung schalteten sie das Auswertungswerkzeug ab. Fuchs spricht einen brisanten Punkt an. Penibel verzeichnet die Online-Enzyklopädie jede kleinste Änderung, die ein User an den Artikeln vornimmt. Die Daten sind bis auf den letzten Kommafehler auch nach Jahren noch einsehbar. In den falschen Händen können solche Informationen brisant sein. Sind etwa Arbeitnehmer krank gemeldet, geraten sie vielleicht in Erklärungsnöte, wenn sie zur gleichen Zeit an Wikipedia-Artikeln arbeiten. Ein Großteil der Nutzer versteckt sich daher hinter Pseudonymen.
    Auch "My Space" verdeutlicht die Schattenseite des Web 2.0: In mehreren hundert Fällen ermittelt die US-Bundespolizei FBI wegen sexueller Belästigungen von Kindern und Jugendlichen. Die Plattform hat reagiert und wirbt seit dieser Woche in Fernsehspots für den verantwortungsvollen Umgang mit den eigenen Daten. Durchschlagender Erfolg ist nicht zu erwarten: So lautet ein Ratschlag an die Jugendlichen, das eigene Zugangs-Passwort den Eltern mitzuteilen - was der Empfehlung gleichkommt, das eigene Tagebuch bei den Eltern zu hinterlegen. Eine weitere Bedrohung für die Privatsphäre geht von den Konzernen aus, die diese Dienste anbieten. Die meisten sind kostenlos, sie sollen über Werbung und Partnerschaften Geld bringen. So hat der Internet-Riese Yahoo eine ganze Reihe von Web2.0-Firmen gekauft, darunter das Bilderportal "Flickr" und den Bookmark-Dienst "Del.icio.us". "My Space" gehört mittlerweile zum Imperium des Medien-Moguls Rupert Murdoch. O'Reilly warnt: "Diese Firmen werden einen enormen Einfluss auf unser aller Leben haben - und sie können ihn zum Guten wie zum Schlechten nutzen." Der Identitätsdiebstahl im Internet ist mittlerweile zu einem ernsthaften Problem geworden. Kriminelle gehen mit Daten wie Namen und Kreditkartenummern auf Betrugstour. Sie verursachten laut amtlicher Statistik allein im Jahr 2004 Schäden in Höhe von sechs Milliarden Dollar - aktuelle Schätzungen gehen von bis zu 50 Milliarden Dollar Schaden pro Jahr aus. Aber nicht nur Betrüger beuten den Datenschatz im Netz aus, auch Geheimdienste zeigen Interesse. So berichtet das Wissenschaftsmagazin New Scientist, der US-Geheimdienst National Security Agency erforsche intensiv Techniken, mit deren Hilfe die Agenten soziale Netzwerke überwachen und systematisch auswerten können. Das Interesse kommt nicht von ungefähr: Web-2.0-Dienste erfreuen sich einer großen Beliebtheit. So verzeichnet das erst vor zwei Jahren gegründete Portal "My Space" schon fast 100 Millionen Nutzer, die sich über Musik- und andere Konsumvorlieben austauschen. Besonders bei Musikern ist die Plattform beliebt: Mittlerweile sollen sich dort 400 000 Bands tummeln, die ihre Arbeit auf der Plattform vorstellen."
    Object
    Web 2.0
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  17. Heflin, J.; Hendler, J.: Semantic interoperability on the Web (2000) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    XML will have a profound impact on the way data is exchanged on the Internet. An important feature of this language is the separation of content from presentation, which makes it easier to select and/or reformat the data. However, due to the likelihood of numerous industry and domain specific DTDs, those who wish to integrate information will still be faced with the problem of semantic interoperability. In this paper we discuss why this problem is not solved by XML, and then discuss why the Resource Description Framework is only a partial solution. We then present the SHOE language, which we feel has many of the features necessary to enable a semantic web, and describe an existing set of tools that make it easy to use the language.
    Date
    11. 5.2013 19:22:18
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  18. Gendt, M. van; Isaac, I.; Meij, L. van der; Schlobach, S.: Semantic Web techniques for multiple views on heterogeneous collections : a case study (2006) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Integrated digital access to multiple collections is a prominent issue for many Cultural Heritage institutions. The metadata describing diverse collections must be interoperable, which requires aligning the controlled vocabularies that are used to annotate objects from these collections. In this paper, we present an experiment where we match the vocabularies of two collections by applying the Knowledge Representation techniques established in recent Semantic Web research. We discuss the steps that are required for such matching, namely formalising the initial resources using Semantic Web languages, and running ontology mapping tools on the resulting representations. In addition, we present a prototype that enables the user to browse the two collections using the obtained alignment while still providing her with the original vocabulary structures.
    Source
    Research and advanced technology for digital libraries : 10th European conference, proceedings / ECDL 2006, Alicante, Spain, September 17 - 22, 2006
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  19. Multimedia content and the Semantic Web : methods, standards, and tools (2005) 0.01 
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    Classification
    006.7 22
    Date
    7. 3.2007 19:30:22
    DDC
    006.7 22
    Footnote
    Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.3, S.457-458 (A.M.A. Ahmad): "The concept of the semantic web has emerged because search engines and text-based searching are no longer adequate, as these approaches involve an extensive information retrieval process. The deployed searching and retrieving descriptors arc naturally subjective and their deployment is often restricted to the specific application domain for which the descriptors were configured. The new era of information technology imposes different kinds of requirements and challenges. Automatic extracted audiovisual features are required, as these features are more objective, domain-independent, and more native to audiovisual content. This book is a useful guide for researchers, experts, students, and practitioners; it is a very valuable reference and can lead them through their exploration and research in multimedia content and the semantic web. The book is well organized, and introduces the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis to the reader through a logical sequence from standards and hypotheses through system examples, presenting relevant tools and methods. But in some chapters readers will need a good technical background to understand some of the details. Readers may attain sufficient knowledge here to start projects or research related to the book's theme; recent results and articles related to the active research area of integrating multimedia with semantic web technologies are included. This book includes full descriptions of approaches to specific problem domains such as content search, indexing, and retrieval. This book will be very useful to researchers in the multimedia content analysis field who wish to explore the benefits of emerging semantic web technologies in applying multimedia content approaches. The first part of the book covers the definition of the two basic terms multimedia content and semantic web. The Moving Picture Experts Group standards MPEG7 and MPEG21 are quoted extensively. In addition, the means of multimedia content description are elaborated upon and schematically drawn. This extensive description is introduced by authors who are actively involved in those standards and have been participating in the work of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO)/MPEG for many years. On the other hand, this results in bias against the ad hoc or nonstandard tools for multimedia description in favor of the standard approaches. This is a general book for multimedia content; more emphasis on the general multimedia description and extraction could be provided.
    Semantic web technologies are explained, and ontology representation is emphasized. There is an excellent summary of the fundamental theory behind applying a knowledge-engineering approach to vision problems. This summary represents the concept of the semantic web and multimedia content analysis. A definition of the fuzzy knowledge representation that can be used for realization in multimedia content applications has been provided, with a comprehensive analysis. The second part of the book introduces the multimedia content analysis approaches and applications. In addition, some examples of methods applicable to multimedia content analysis are presented. Multimedia content analysis is a very diverse field and concerns many other research fields at the same time; this creates strong diversity issues, as everything from low-level features (e.g., colors, DCT coefficients, motion vectors, etc.) up to the very high and semantic level (e.g., Object, Events, Tracks, etc.) are involved. The second part includes topics on structure identification (e.g., shot detection for video sequences), and object-based video indexing. These conventional analysis methods are supplemented by results on semantic multimedia analysis, including three detailed chapters on the development and use of knowledge models for automatic multimedia analysis. Starting from object-based indexing and continuing with machine learning, these three chapters are very logically organized. Because of the diversity of this research field, including several chapters of recent research results is not sufficient to cover the state of the art of multimedia. The editors of the book should write an introductory chapter about multimedia content analysis approaches, basic problems, and technical issues and challenges, and try to survey the state of the art of the field and thus introduce the field to the reader.
    The final part of the book discusses research in multimedia content management systems and the semantic web, and presents examples and applications for semantic multimedia analysis in search and retrieval systems. These chapters describe example systems in which current projects have been implemented, and include extensive results and real demonstrations. For example, real case scenarios such as ECommerce medical applications and Web services have been introduced. Topics in natural language, speech and image processing techniques and their application for multimedia indexing, and content-based retrieval have been elaborated upon with extensive examples and deployment methods. The editors of the book themselves provide the readers with a chapter about their latest research results on knowledge-based multimedia content indexing and retrieval. Some interesting applications for multimedia content and the semantic web are introduced. Applications that have taken advantage of the metadata provided by MPEG7 in order to realize advance-access services for multimedia content have been provided. The applications discussed in the third part of the book provide useful guidance to researchers and practitioners properly planning to implement semantic multimedia analysis techniques in new research and development projects in both academia and industry. A fourth part should be added to this book: performance measurements for integrated approaches of multimedia analysis and the semantic web. Performance of the semantic approach is a very sophisticated issue and requires extensive elaboration and effort. Measuring the semantic search is an ongoing research area; several chapters concerning performance measurement and analysis would be required to adequately cover this area and introduce it to readers."
    LCSH
    Semantic Web
    RSWK
    Semantic Web / Multimedia / Automatische Indexierung / Information Retrieval
    Subject
    Semantic Web / Multimedia / Automatische Indexierung / Information Retrieval
    Semantic Web
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  20. Shoffner, M.; Greenberg, J.; Kramer-Duffield, J.; Woodbury, D.: Web 2.0 semantic systems : collaborative learning in science (2008) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The basic goal of education within a discipline is to transform a novice into an expert. This entails moving the novice toward the "semantic space" that the expert inhabits-the space of concepts, meanings, vocabularies, and other intellectual constructs that comprise the discipline. Metadata is significant to this goal in digitally mediated education environments. Encoding the experts' semantic space not only enables the sharing of semantics among discipline scientists, but also creates an environment that bridges the semantic gap between the common vocabulary of the novice and the granular descriptive language of the seasoned scientist (Greenberg, et al, 2005). Developments underlying the Semantic Web, where vocabularies are formalized in the Web Ontology Language (OWL), and Web 2.0 approaches of user-generated folksonomies provide an infrastructure for linking vocabulary systems and promoting group learning via metadata literacy. Group learning is a pedagogical approach to teaching that harnesses the phenomenon of "collective intelligence" to increase learning by means of collaboration. Learning a new semantic system can be daunting for a novice, and yet it is integral to advance one's knowledge in a discipline and retain interest. These ideas are key to the "BOT 2.0: Botany through Web 2.0, the Memex and Social Learning" project (Bot 2.0).72 Bot 2.0 is a collaboration involving the North Carolina Botanical Garden, the UNC SILS Metadata Research center, and the Renaissance Computing Institute (RENCI). Bot 2.0 presents a curriculum utilizing a memex as a way for students to link and share digital information, working asynchronously in an environment beyond the traditional classroom. Our conception of a memex is not a centralized black box but rather a flexible, distributed framework that uses the most salient and easiest-to-use collaborative platforms (e.g., Facebook, Flickr, wiki and blog technology) for personal information management. By meeting students "where they live" digitally, we hope to attract students to the study of botanical science. A key aspect is to teach students scientific terminology and about the value of metadata, an inherent function in several of the technologies and in the instructional approach we are utilizing. This poster will report on a study examining the value of both folksonomies and taxonomies for post-secondary college students learning plant identification. Our data is drawn from a curriculum involving a virtual independent learning portion and a "BotCamp" weekend at UNC, where students work with digital plan specimens that they have captured. Results provide some insight into the importance of collaboration and shared vocabulary for gaining confidence and for student progression from novice to expert in botany.
    Source
    Metadata for semantic and social applications : proceedings of the International Conference on Dublin Core and Metadata Applications, Berlin, 22 - 26 September 2008, DC 2008: Berlin, Germany / ed. by Jane Greenberg and Wolfgang Klas
    Theme
    Semantic Web

Authors

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  • el 56
  • m 18
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