-
Ellis, D.; Ford, N.; Furner, J.: In search of the unknown user : indexing, hypertext and the World Wide Web (1998)
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- Abstract
- For the purposes of this article, the indexing of information is interpreted as the pre-processing of information in order to enable its retrieval. The definition thus spans a dimension extending from classification-based approaches (pre-co-ordinate) to keyword searching (post-co-ordinate). In the first section we clarify our use of terminology, by briefly describing a framework for modelling IR systems in terms of sets of objects, relationships and functions. In the following 3 sections, we discuss the application of indexing functions to document collections of 3 specific types: (1) 'conventional' text databases; (2) hypertext databases; and (3) the World Wide Web, globally distributed across the Internet
-
Ellis, D.; Vasconcelos, A.: Ranganathan and the Net : using facet analysis to search and organise the World Wide Web (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article gives a cheerfully brief and undetailed account of how to make a faceted classification system, then describes information retrieval and searching on the web. It concludes by saying that facets would be excellent in helping users search and browse the web, but offers no real clues as to how this can be done.
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Ellis, D.; Haugan, M.: Modelling the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists in an industrial environment (1997)
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- Abstract
- The study explores the role of information and information seeking in the Research and Development Department of an international oil and gas company. The information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists at Statoil's Research Centre, in Trondheim, Norway were studied in relation to their research activities in different phases and types of project. The project phases were evaluation of alternative solutions; development and testing; and summary of experiences. The project types were incremental; radical; and fundamental. Eight major characteristics were identified in the patterns: surveying; chaining; monitoring; browsing; distinguishing; filtering; extracting and ending. The study analyses the requirements for different types of information in an environment where the need for internal and external resources are intertwined; it also compares features of the information seeking patterns of engineers and research scientists from this and previous studies. It was found that, although there were differences in the features of the information seeking patterns of the research scientists and engineers, the behavioural characteristics were similar; and the study identified identical or very similar categories of information seeking behaviour to those of previous studies of academic researchers.
-
Ellis, D.: Progress and problems in information retrieval (1996)
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- Abstract
- An introduction to the principal generic approaches to information retrieval research with their associated concepts, models and systems, this text is designed to keep the information professional up to date with the major themes and developments that have preoccupied researchers in recent month in relation to textual and documentary retrieval systems.
- COMPASS
- Information retrieval
- Content
- First published 1991 as New horizons in information retrieval
- Date
- 26. 7.2002 20:22:46
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Managing information 3(1996) no.10, S.49 (D. Bawden); Program 32(1998) no.2, S.190-192 (C. Revie)
- LCSH
- Information retrieval
- Subject
- Information retrieval
Information retrieval
-
Ellis, D.; Vasconcelos, A.: ¬The relevance of facet analysis for World Wide Web subject organization and searching (2000)
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- Abstract
- Different forms of indexing and search facilities available on the Web are described. Use of facet analysis to structure hypertext concept structures is outlined in relation to work on (1) development of hypertext knowledge bases for designers of learning materials and (2) construction of knowledge based hypertext interfaces. The problem of lack of closeness between page designers and potential users is examined. Facet analysis is suggested as a way of alleviating some difficulties associated with this problem of designing for the unknown user.
- Theme
- Klassifikationssysteme im Online-Retrieval
-
Ellis, D.: New horizons in information retrieval (1990)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Canadian library journal. 48(1991) S.434 (E. Frick): "The book is full of information about the development of concepts and systems in this most fascinating part of professional work"
- PRECIS
- Information retrieval / Research
- Subject
- Information retrieval / Research
-
Ellis, D.: ¬A behavioral model for information retrieval system design (1989)
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- Source
- Journal of information science. 15(1989) no.4, S.237-247
-
Ellis, D.: Theory and explanation in information retrieval research (1984)
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- Source
- Journal of information science. 8(1984), S.25-38
-
Ellis, D.: Paradigms in information retrieval research (1994)
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- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information science. Vol.54, [=Suppl.17]
-
Ellis, D.: Information retrieval research (1997)
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- Abstract
- Presents a brief summary of the different approaches to research in the area of information retrieval and discusses the problem or undesirability of identifying a single approach as 'best' for the field
-
Spink, A.; Wilson, T.; Ellis, D.; Ford, N.: Modeling users' successive searches in digital environments : a National Science Foundation/British Library funded study (1998)
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- Abstract
- As digital libraries become a major source of information for many people, we need to know more about how people seek and retrieve information in digital environments. Quite commonly, users with a problem-at-hand and associated question-in-mind repeatedly search a literature for answers, and seek information in stages over extended periods from a variety of digital information resources. The process of repeatedly searching over time in relation to a specific, but possibly an evolving information problem (including changes or shifts in a variety of variables), is called the successive search phenomenon. The study outlined in this paper is currently investigating this new and little explored line of inquiry for information retrieval, Web searching, and digital libraries. The purpose of the research project is to investigate the nature, manifestations, and behavior of successive searching by users in digital environments, and to derive criteria for use in the design of information retrieval interfaces and systems supporting successive searching behavior. This study includes two related projects. The first project is based in the School of Library and Information Sciences at the University of North Texas and is funded by a National Science Foundation POWRE Grant <http://www.nsf.gov/cgi-bin/show?award=9753277>. The second project is based at the Department of Information Studies at the University of Sheffield (UK) and is funded by a grant from the British Library <http://www.shef. ac.uk/~is/research/imrg/uncerty.html> Research and Innovation Center. The broad objectives of each project are to examine the nature and extent of successive search episodes in digital environments by real users over time. The specific aim of the current project is twofold: * To characterize progressive changes and shifts that occur in: user situational context; user information problem; uncertainty reduction; user cognitive styles; cognitive and affective states of the user, and consequently in their queries; and * To characterize related changes over time in the type and use of information resources and search strategies particularly related to given capabilities of IR systems, and IR search engines, and examine changes in users' relevance judgments and criteria, and characterize their differences. The study is an observational, longitudinal data collection in the U.S. and U.K. Three questionnaires are used to collect data: reference, client post search and searcher post search questionnaires. Each successive search episode with a search intermediary for textual materials on the DIALOG Information Service is audiotaped and search transaction logs are recorded. Quantitative analysis includes statistical analysis using Likert scale data from the questionnaires and log-linear analysis of sequential data. Qualitative methods include: content analysis, structuring taxonomies; and diagrams to describe shifts and transitions within and between each search episode. Outcomes of the study are the development of appropriate model(s) for IR interactions in successive search episodes and the derivation of a set of design criteria for interfaces and systems supporting successive searching.
- Theme
- Information Gateway
-
Ellis, D.: ¬The dilemma of measurement in information retrieval research (1996)
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- Abstract
- The problem of measurement in information retrieval research is traced to its source in the first retrieval tests. The problem is seen as presenting a chronic dilemma for the field. This dilemma has taken 3 forms as the discipline has evloved: (1) the dilemma of measurement in the archetypal approach: stated relevance versus user relevance; (2) the dilemma of measurement in the probabilistic approach: realism versus formalism; and (3) the dilemma of measurement in the Information Retrieval-Expert System (IR-ES) approach: linear measures of relevance versus logarithmic measures of knowledge. It is argued that the dilemma of measurement has remained intractable even given the different assumptions of the different approaches for 3 connecte reasons - the nature of the subject matter of the field; the nature of relevance jidgement; and the nature of cognition and knowledge. Finally, it is concluded that the original vision of information retrieval research as a discipline founded on quantification proved restricting for its theoretical and methodological development and that increasing recognition of this is reflected in growing interest in qualitative methods in information retrieval research in relation to cognitive, behavioral, and affective aspects of the information retrieval interaction
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.1, S.23-36
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Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: Measuring the consistency of assignment of hypertext links in full-text documents (1994)
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- Abstract
- Studies of document retrieval systems have suggested that the degree of consistency in the terms assigned to documents by indexers is positively associated with retrieval effectiveness. The study investigated the consistency of assignment of links in separate hypertext versions of the same full text database assuming that a measure of agreement may be related to the subsequent utility of the resulting hypertext document. Describes the calculations involved in measuring the degree of similarity between pairs of structured objetcs of a certain type (Those that may be represented in graph theoretic form). Initial results show little similarity between the sets of links identified by different people and this finding is comparable with those of studies of inter indexer consistency, where it has been found that there is generally only alow level of agreement between the sets of indexing terms assigned to a document of different indexers
- Source
- Information retrieval: new systems and current research. Proceedings of the 15th Research Colloquium of the British Computer Society Information Retrieval Specialist Group, Glasgow 1993. Ed.: Ruben Leon
-
Ellis, D.: Hypertext; origins and use (1991)
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- Abstract
- Presents a brief introduction to the concept of hypertext illustrated with examples from experimental and operational systems. The origins of the hypertext concept are described and different generic types of hypertext systems outlined. The potential and problems of hypertext are discussed with particular reference to information retrieval
- Source
- International journal of information management. 11(1991) no.1, S.5-13
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of inter-linker consistency (1994)
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- Abstract
- In important stage in the process of retrieval of objects from a hypertext database is the creation of a set of inter-nodal links that are intended to represent the relationships existing between objects; this operation is often undertaken manually, just as index terms are often manually assigned to documents in a conventional retrieval system. Studies of conventional systems have suggested that a degree of consistency in the terms assigned to documents by indexers is positively associated with retrieval effectiveness. It is thus of interest to investigate the consistency of assignment of links in separate hypertext versions of the same full-text document, since a measure of agreement may be related to the subsequent utility of the resulting hypertext databases. The calculation of values indicating the degree of similarity between objects is a technique that has been widely used in the fields of textual and chemical information retrieval; in this paper we describe the application of arithmetic coefficients and topological indices to the measurement of the degree of similarity between the sets of inter-nodal links in hypertext databases. We publish the results of a study in which several different of links are inserted, by different people, between the paragraphs of each of a number of full-text documents. Our results show little similary between the sets of links identified by different people; this finding is comparable with those of studies of inter-indexer consistency, where it has been found that there is generally only a low level of agreement between the sets of idenx terms assigned to a document by different indexers
-
Ellis, D.; Furner-Hines, J.; Willett, P.: Measuring the degree of similarity between objects in text retrieval systems (1993)
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- Abstract
- Describes the use of a variety of similarity coefficients in the measurement of the degree of similarity between objects that contain textual information, such as documents, paragraphs, index terms or queries. The work is intended as a preliminary to future investigation of the calculations involved in measuring the degree of similarity between structured objects that may be represented by graph theoretic forms. Descusses the role of similarity coefficients in text retrieval in terms of: document and query similarity; document and document similarity; cocitation analysis; term and term similarity; and the similarity between sets of judgements, such as relevance judgements. Describes several methods for expressing the formulae used to define similarity coefficients and compares their attributes. Concludes with details the characteristics of similarity coefficients; equivalence and monotonicity; consideration of negative matches; geometric analyses; and the meaning of correlation coefficients
- Source
- Perspectives in information management. 3(1993) no.2, S.128-149
-
Spink, A.; Wilson, T.D.; Ford, N.; Foster, A.; Ellis, D.: Information seeking and mediated searching : Part 1: theoretical framework and research design (2002)
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- Abstract
- In this issue we begin with the first of four parts of a five part series of papers by Spink, Wilson, Ford, Foster, and Ellis. Spink, et alia, in the first section of this report set forth the design of a project to test whether existing models of the information search process are appropriate for an environment of mediated successive searching which they believe characterizes much information seeking behavior. Their goal is to develop an integrated model of the process. Data were collected from 198 individuals, 87 in Texas and 111 in Sheffield in the U.K., with individuals with real information needs engaged in interaction with operational information retrieval systems by use of transaction logs, recordings of interactions with intermediaries, pre, and post search interviews, questionnaire responses, relevance judgments of retrieved text, and responses to a test of cognitive styles. Questionnaires were based upon the Kuhlthau model, the Saracevic model, the Ellis model, and incorporated a visual analog scale to avoid a consistency bias.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 53(2002) no.9, S.695-703
-
Ellis, D.: ¬The physical and cognitive paradigms in information retrieval research (1992)
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-
Ellis, D.; Furner, J.; Willett, P.: On the creation of hypertext links in full-text documents : measurement of retrieval effectiveness (1996)
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- Abstract
- An important stage in the process or retrieval of objects from a hypertext database is the creation of a set of internodal links that are intended to represent the relationships existing between objects; this operation is often undertaken manually, just as index terms are often manually assigned to documents in a conventional retrieval system. In an earlier article (1994), the results were published of a study in which several different sets of links were inserted, each by a different person, between the paragraphs of each of a number of full-text documents. These results showed little similarity between the link-sets, a finding that was comparable with those of studies of inter-indexer consistency, which suggest that there is generally only a low level of agreement between the sets of index terms assigned to a document by different indexers. In this article, a description is provided of an investigation into the nature of the relationship existing between (i) the levels of inter-linker consistency obtaining among the group of hypertext databases used in our earlier experiments, and (ii) the levels of effectiveness of a number of searches carried out in those databases. An account is given of the implementation of the searches and of the methods used in the calculation of numerical values expressing their effectiveness. Analysis of the results of a comparison between recorded levels of consistency and those of effectiveness does not allow us to draw conclusions about the consistency - effectiveness relationship that are equivalent to those drawn in comparable studies of inter-indexer consistency
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 47(1996) no.4, S.287-300
-
Ellis, D.; Wilson, T.; Allen, D.: Information science and information systems : conjunct subjects - disjunct disciplines (1999)
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- Content
- Beitrag eines Themenheftes: The 50th Anniversary of the Journal of the American Society for Information Science. Pt.2: Paradigms, models, and models of information science
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.12, S.1095-1107
