-
Buckley, C.; Allan, J.; Salton, G.: Automatic routing and retrieval using Smart : TREC-2 (1995)
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- Abstract
- The Smart information retrieval project emphazises completely automatic approaches to the understanding and retrieval of large quantities of text. The work in the TREC-2 environment continues, performing both routing and ad hoc experiments. The ad hoc work extends investigations into combining global similarities, giving an overall indication of how a document matches a query, with local similarities identifying a smaller part of the document that matches the query. The performance of ad hoc runs is good, but it is clear that full advantage of the available local information is not been taken advantage of. The routing experiments use conventional relevance feedback approaches to routing, but with a much greater degree of query expansion than was previously done. The length of a query vector is increased by a factor of 5 to 10 by adding terms found in previously seen relevant documents. This approach improves effectiveness by 30-40% over the original query
- Source
- Information processing and management. 31(1995) no.3, S.315-326
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
-
Lesk, M.E.; Salton, G.: Relevance assements and retrieval system evaluation (1969)
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- Abstract
- Two widerly used criteria for evaluating the effectiveness of information retrieval systems are, respectively, the recall and the precision. Since the determiniation of these measures is dependent on a distinction between documents which are relevant to a given query and documents which are not relevant to that query, it has sometimes been claimed that an accurate, generally valid evaluation cannot be based on recall and precision measure. A study was made to determine the effect of variations in relevance assesments do not produce significant variations in average recall and precision. It thus appears that properly computed recall and precision data may represent effectiveness indicators which are gemerally valid for many distinct user classes.
- Source
- Information storage and retrieval. 4(1969), S.343-359
-
Salton, G.: SMART System: 1961-1976 (2009)
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- Abstract
- While a number of researchers had experimented during the 1950's on automatic indexing and retrieval in various forms, it was Gerard Salton who brought the information retrieval experimental paradigm to full fruition, with his "SMART" system. His work has been enormously influential.
- Source
- Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates
-
Salton, G.; Wong, A.; Yang, C.S.: ¬A vector space model for automatic indexing (1975)
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- Footnote
- Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.273-280.
-
Salton, G.; Allan, J.; Buckley, C.; Singhal, A.: Automatic analysis, theme generation, and summarization of machine readable texts (1994)
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- Footnote
- Wiederabgedruckt in: Readings in information retrieval. Ed.: K. Sparck Jones u. P. Willett. San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann 1997. S.478-483.
-
Salton, G.: Automatic processing of foreign language documents (1985)
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- Abstract
- The attempt to computerize a process, such as indexing, abstracting, classifying, or retrieving information, begins with an analysis of the process into its intellectual and nonintellectual components. That part of the process which is amenable to computerization is mechanical or algorithmic. What is not is intellectual or creative and requires human intervention. Gerard Salton has been an innovator, experimenter, and promoter in the area of mechanized information systems since the early 1960s. He has been particularly ingenious at analyzing the process of information retrieval into its algorithmic components. He received a doctorate in applied mathematics from Harvard University before moving to the computer science department at Cornell, where he developed a prototype automatic retrieval system called SMART. Working with this system he and his students contributed for over a decade to our theoretical understanding of the retrieval process. On a more practical level, they have contributed design criteria for operating retrieval systems. The following selection presents one of the early descriptions of the SMART system; it is valuable as it shows the direction automatic retrieval methods were to take beyond simple word-matching techniques. These include various word normalization techniques to improve recall, for instance, the separation of words into stems and affixes; the correlation and clustering, using statistical association measures, of related terms; and the identification, using a concept thesaurus, of synonymous, broader, narrower, and sibling terms. They include, as weIl, techniques, both linguistic and statistical, to deal with the thorny problem of how to automatically extract from texts index terms that consist of more than one word. They include weighting techniques and various documentrequest matching algorithms. Significant among the latter are those which produce a retrieval output of citations ranked in relevante order. During the 1970s, Salton and his students went an to further refine these various techniques, particularly the weighting and statistical association measures. Many of their early innovations seem commonplace today. Some of their later techniques are still ahead of their time and await technological developments for implementation. The particular focus of the selection that follows is an the evaluation of a particular component of the SMART system, a multilingual thesaurus. By mapping English language expressions and their German equivalents to a common concept number, the thesaurus permitted the automatic processing of German language documents against English language queries and vice versa. The results of the evaluation, as it turned out, were somewhat inconclusive. However, this SMART experiment suggested in a bold and optimistic way how one might proceed to answer such complex questions as What is meant by retrieval language compatability? How it is to be achieved, and how evaluated?
- Footnote
- Original in: Journal of the American Society for Information Science 21(1970) no.3, S.187-194.
-
Salton, G.: Thoughts about modern retrieval technologies (1988)
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- Abstract
- Paper presented at the 30th Annual Conference of the National Federation of Astracting and Information Services, Philadelphia, 28 Feb-2 Mar 88. In recent years, the amount and the variety of available machine-readable data, new technologies have been introduced, such as high density storage devices, and fancy graphic displays useful for information transformation and access. New approaches have also been considered for processing the stored data based on the construction of knowledge bases representing the contents and structure of the information, and the use of expert system techniques to control the user-system interactions. Provides a brief evaluation of the new information processing technologies, and of the software methods proposed for information manipulation.
- Source
- Information services and use. 8(1988) no.2/3/4, S.107-113
-
Salton, G.: Fast document classification in automatic information retrieval (1978)
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-
Salton, G.; Buckley, C.; Allan, J.: Automatic structuring of text files (1992)
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- Abstract
- In many practical information retrieval situations, it is necessary to process heterogeneous text databases that vary greatly in scope and coverage and deal with many different subjects. In such an environment it is important to provide flexible access to individual text pieces and to structure the collection so that related text elements are identified and properly linked. Describes methods for the automatic structuring of heterogeneous text collections and the construction of browsing tools and access procedures that facilitate collection use. Illustrates these emthods with searches using a large automated encyclopedia
-
Buckley, C.; Singhal, A.; Mitra, M.; Salton, G.: New retrieval approaches using SMART : TREC 4 (1996)
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- Source
- The Fourth Text Retrieval Conference (TREC-4). Ed.: K. Harman
-
Salton, G.; Voorhees, E.; Fox, E.A.: ¬A comparison of two methods for Boolean query relevance feedback (1984)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 20(1984), S.637-651
-
Salton, G.: ¬A simple blueprint for automatic Boolean query processing (1988)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 24(1988) no.3, S.269-280
-
Salton, G.: Automated language processing (1968)
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- Source
- Annual review of information science and technology. 3(1968), S.137-168
-
Salton, G.: ¬A new comparison between conventional indexing (MEDLARS) and automatic text processing (SMART) (1972)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 23(1972), S.75-84
-
Salton, G.; Buckley, C.; Smith, M.: On the application of syntactic methodologies in automatic text analysis (1990)
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- Source
- Information processing and management. 26(1990) no.1, S.73-92
-
Salton, G.; Buckley, C.: Approaches to global text analysis (1990)
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- Imprint
- Medford, NJ : Learned Information Inc.
- Source
- ASIS'90: Information in the year 2000, from research to applications. Proc. of the 53rd Annual Meeting of the American Society for Information Science, Toronto, Canada, 4.-8.11.1990. Ed. by Diana Henderson
-
Salton, G.: ¬A note about information science research (1997)
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- Imprint
- The Hague : International Federation for Information and Documentation (FID)
-
Wong, S.K.M.; Yao, Y.Y.; Salton, G.; Buckley, C.: Evaluation of an adaptive linear model (1991)
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- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 42(1991) no.10, S.723-730
-
Salton, G.; Allan, J.; Singhal, A.: Automatic text decomposition and structuring (1996)
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- Information processing and management. 32(1996) no.2, S.127-138
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Salton, G.: Automatic text structuring and summarization (1997)
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- Information processing and management. 33(1997) no.2, S.193-207
