Search (29 results, page 2 of 2)

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Abstract

Information is essential to all human activity, and information in electronic form both amplifies and augments human information interactions. This lecture surveys some of the different classical meanings of information, focuses on the ways that electronic technologies are affecting how we think about these senses of information, and introduces an emerging sense of information that has implications for how we work, play, and interact with others. The evolutions of computers and electronic networks and people's uses and adaptations of these tools manifesting a dynamic space called cyberspace. Our traces of activity in cyberspace give rise to a new sense of information as instantaneous identity states that I term proflection of self. Proflections of self influence how others act toward us. Four classical senses of information are described as context for this new form of information. The four senses selected for inclusion here are the following: thought and memory, communication process, artifact, and energy. Human mental activity and state (thought and memory) have neurological, cognitive, and affective facets.The act of informing (communication process) is considered from the perspective of human intentionality and technical developments that have dramatically amplified human communication capabilities. Information artifacts comprise a common sense of information that gives rise to a variety of information industries. Energy is the most general sense of information and is considered from the point of view of physical, mental, and social state change. This sense includes information theory as a measurable reduction in uncertainty. This lecture emphasizes how electronic representations have blurred media boundaries and added computational behaviors that yield new forms of information interaction, which, in turn, are stored, aggregated, and mined to create profiles that represent our cyber identities.

Content

Table of Contents: The Many Meanings of Information / Information as Thought and Memory / Information as Communication Process / Information as Artifact / Information as Energy / Information as Identity in Cyberspace: The Fifth Voice / Conclusion and Directions

RSWK

Information

Series

Synthesis lectures on information concepts, retrieval, and services ; 16

Subject

Information

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Footnote

Rez. in: IWP 60(1009) H.8, S.460 (A. Flicker): "Alexander Schuster, Jahrgang 1979, schloss an sein Diplom im Fach Informations- und Wissensmanagement das Masterstudium Information Science and Engineering in der Studienrichtung Library Science (Hochschule Darmstadt) an. Seine Fächerkombination spiegelt sich im Thema seines Buches wider: Er untersucht die Möglichkeiten, ein Instrument aus dem Wissensmanagement in Bibliotheken einzusetzen. Dabei geht es nicht "nur" um eine Wissensmanagement-Methode, die im operativen Alltagsgeschäft von Bibliotheken angewendet werden soll. Der Autor analysiert vielmehr das komplexe Thema Wissensbilanzierung als strategisches Managementinstrument im Gesamten. Der Leser wird über die Darstellung theoretischer Grundlagen und Terminologie-Definitionen an das Thema herangeführt. Relevante Quellen wurden sorgfältig ausgewertet und unterschiedliche Darstellungen einander gegenübergestellt. Man erfährt, wie die Begriffe Wissen, Intellektuelles Kapital und strategisches Management in der Forschungsliteratur erläutert werden. Zum Begriff Wissensbilanz beschreibt Schuster darüber hinaus die historischen, internationalen Entwicklungsstränge dieses Instruments. Außerdem liefert er Vergleiche mit und Abgrenzungen zu anderen Management-Instrumenten (Wissensmanagement, Qualitätsmanagement und Balanced Scorecard). Komplettiert wird das Kapitel Wissensbilanz durch die Untersuchung unterschiedlicher Ansätze bzw. Modelle, denen der Autor jeweils eine knappe eigene Bewertung angefügt hat.
Damit sind die relevanten Aspekte untersucht, analysiert und komprimiert dargestellt: ein guter theoretischer Unterbau, bevor es dann in die Praxis geht. Die "Praxis" findet sich im nächsten Kapitel in Form einer vergleichenden Analyse real existierender Wissensbilanzen. Die Wissensbilanz jeweils einer Organisation aus den Bereichen Wirtschaft (reinisch AG), Forschung (Austrian Research Centers Seibersdorf) und Bildung (FH Joanneum, Graz) wird vom Autor detailliert beschrieben. Eigene Bewertungen lässt Schuster einfließen, bevor er das Kapitel mit dem Vergleich des Aufbaus der Wissensbilanzen und der Darstellung des Intellektuellen Kapitals abschließt. Rückschlüsse aus dieser Analyse nimmt er mit ins Folgekapitel. Besonders interessant wird es nun im folgenden Kapitel: Schuster entwirft das konkrete Modell einer Wissensbilanz für Bibliotheken. Da eine solche noch nicht existiert, entwickelt er am Beispiel der Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main und in Anlehnung an das Modell Wissensbilanz - Made in Germany einen Prototyp. Unterstützt wurde er dabei von der dortigen Bibliotheksleitung. Dazu gehört zunächst - und das ist nicht nur methodisch, sondern auch inhaltlich besonders aufschlussreich - die Frage, wie Geschäftserfolg definiert werden kann. Dieses Kapitel wird zu einer Situationsanalyse für Bibliotheken in der heutigen Zeit. Es folgt, dem Wissensbilanz-Modell entsprechend, die Beschreibung von Prozessen und Zielen. Der anschließenden Definition des Intellektuellen Kapitals einer Bibliothek widmet Schuster viel Raum: Er benennt und erläutert zunächst Erfolgsfaktoren des Human-, Struktur- und Beziehungskapitals. Zu jedem Erfolgsfaktor gibt er mehrere Indikatoren an, mit deren Hilfe der Faktor "bewertet" werden kann. Für Bibliotheken, die die Einführung einer Wissensbilanz planen, ist hiermit eine Menge Vorarbeit geleistet, auf die sie in der Praxis zurückgreifen können. Schusters Abschlusskapitel basiert wieder auf einer Auswertung der von ihm analysierten Bilanzen des Intellektuellen Kapitals und bleibt dabei nah an der Praxis: Aus den dokumentierten Erfahrungen leitet der Autor Empfehlungen zur Implementierung von Wissensbilanzen ab. Und zeigt mit dieser Nutzung von "Lessons Learned" einmal mehr, wie wertvoll die Anwendung von Wissensmanagement für das Bibliothekswesen sein kann."

RSWK

Bibliothek / Intellektuelles Kapital / Wissensmanagement / Strategisches Management

Subject

Bibliothek / Intellektuelles Kapital / Wissensmanagement / Strategisches Management

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Content

Inhalt: - Geschichte Paul Duguid: Die Suche vor grep: Eine Entwicklung von Geschlossenheit zu Offenheit? Robert Darnton: Die Bibliothek im Informationszeitalter: 6000 Jahre Schrift Geert Lovink: Die Gesellschaft der Suche: Fragen oder Googeln Katja Mayer: Zur Soziometrik der Suchmaschinen: Ein historischer Überblick der Methodik - Grundrechte Claire Lobet-Maris: Vom Vertrauen zur Spurenauswertung: Eine neue Sicht der Technikfolgenabschätzung loris van Hoboken: Suchmaschinen-Gesetzgebung und die Frage der Ausdrucksfreiheit: Eine europäische Perspektive Felix Stalder, Christine Mayer: Der zweite Index: Suchmaschinen, Personalisierung und Überwachung

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BK

06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

Classification

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)
06.00 / Information und Dokumentation: Allgemeines

DDC

323.44/5 22 (GBV;LoC)

Footnote

Rez. in: JASIST 58(2007) no.2, S.302 (L.A. Ennis):"This is an important and timely anthology of articles "on the normative issues surrounding information control" (p. 11). Using an interdisciplinary approach, Moore's work takes a broad look at the relatively new field of information ethics. Covering a variety of disciplines including applied ethics, intellectual property, privacy, free speech, and more, the book provides information professionals of all kinds with a valuable and thought-provoking resource. Information Ethics is divided into five parts and twenty chapters or articles. At the end of each of the five parts, the editor has included a few "discussion cases," which allows the users to apply what they just read to potential real life examples. Part I, "An Ethical Framework for Analysis," provides readers with an introduction to reasoning and ethics. This complex and philosophical section of the book contains five articles and four discussion cases. All five of the articles are really thought provoking and challenging writings on morality. For instance, in the first article, "Introduction to Moral Reasoning," Tom Regan examines how not to answer a moral question. For example, he thinks using what the majority believes as a means of determining what is and is not moral is flawed. "The Metaphysics of Morals" by Immanuel Kant looks at the reasons behind actions. According to Kant, to be moral one has to do the right thing for the right reasons. By including materials that force the reader to think more broadly and deeply about what is right and wrong, Moore has provided an important foundation and backdrop for the rest of the book. Part II, "Intellectual Property: Moral and Legal Concerns," contains five articles and three discussion cases for tackling issues like ownership, patents, copyright, and biopiracy. This section takes a probing look at intellectual and intangible property from a variety of viewpoints. For instance, in "Intellectual Property is Still Property," Judge Frank Easterbrook argues that intellectual property is no different than physical property and should not be treated any differently by law. Tom Palmer's article, "Are Patents and Copyrights Morally Justified," however, uses historical examples to show how intellectual and physical properties differ.
Part III, "Privacy and Information Control," has four articles and three discussion cases beginning with an 1890 article from the Harvard Law Review, "The Right to Privacy," written by Samuel A Warren and Louis D. Brandeis. Moore then includes an article debating whether people own their genes, an article on caller I.D., and an article on computer surveillance. While all four articles pose some very interesting questions, Margaret Everett's article "The Social Life of Genes: Privacy, Property, and the New Genetics" is incredible. She does a great job of demonstrating how advances in genetics have led to increased concerns over ownership and privacy of genetic codes. For instance, if someone's genetic code predisposes them to a deadly disease, should insurance companies have access to that information? Part IV, "Freedom of Speech and Information Control," has three articles and two discussion cases that examine speech and photography issues. Moore begins this section with Kent Greenawalt's "Rationales for Freedom of Speech," which looks at a number of arguments favoring free speech. Then the notion of free speech is carried over into the digital world in "Digital Speech and Democratic Culture: A Theory of Freedom of Expression for the Information Society" by Jack M. Balkin. At 59 pages, this is the work's longest article and demonstrates how complex the digital environment has made freedom of speech issues. Finally, Part V, "Governmental and Societal Control of Information," contains three articles and three discussion cases which provide an excellent view into the conflict between security and privacy. For instance, the first article, "Carnivore, the FBI's E-mail Surveillance System: Devouring Criminals, Not Privacy" by Griffin S. Durham, examines the FBI's e-mail surveillance program called Carnivore. Durham does an excellent job of demonstrating that Carnivore is a necessary and legitimate system used in limited circumstances and with a court order. Librarians will find the final article in the book, National Security at What Price? A Look into Civil Liberty Concerns in the Information Age under the USA Patriot Act by Jacob R. Lilly, of particular interest. In this article, Lilly uses historical examples of events that sacrificed civil liberties for national security such as the internment of Japanese-Americans during World War II and the McCarthyism of the Cold War era to examine the PATRIOT Act.
The book also includes an index, a selected bibliography, and endnotes for each article. More information on the authors of the articles would have been useful, however. One of the best features of Information Ethics is the discussion cases at the end of each chapter. For instance, in the discussion cases, Moore asks questions like: Would you allow one person to die to save nine? Should a scientist be allowed to experiment on people without their knowledge if there is no harm? Should marriages between people carrying a certain gene be outlawed? These discussion cases really add to the value of the readings. The only suggestion would be to have put them at the beginning of each section so the reader could have the questions floating in their heads as they read the material. Information Ethics is a well thought out and organized collection of articles. Moore has done an excellent job of finding articles to provide a fair and balanced look at a variety of complicated and far-reaching topics. Further, the work has breadth and depth. Moore is careful to include enough historical articles, like the 1890 Warren article, to give balance and perspective to new and modern topics like E-mail surveillance, biopiracy, and genetics. This provides a reader with just enough philosophy and history theory to work with the material. The articles are written by a variety of authors from differing fields so they range in length, tone, and style, creating a rich tapestry of ideas and arguments. However, this is not a quick or easy read. The subject matter is complex and one should plan to spend time with the book. The book is well worth the effort though. Overall, this is a highly recommended work for all libraries especially academic ones."

LCSH

Freedom of information
Information society
Information technology / Social aspects

Subject

Freedom of information
Information society
Information technology / Social aspects

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Abstract

Information behavior has emerged as an important aspect of human life, however our knowledge and understanding of it is incomplete and underdeveloped scientifically. Research on the topic is largely contemporary in focus and has generally not incorporated results from other disciplines. In this monograph Spink provides a new understanding of information behavior by incorporating related findings, theories and models from social sciences, psychology and cognition. In her presentation, she argues that information behavior is an important instinctive sociocognitive ability that can only be fully understood with a highly interdisciplinary approach. The leitmotivs of her examination are three important research questions: First, what is the evolutionary, biological and developmental nature of information behavior? Second, what is the role of instinct versus environment in shaping information behavior? And, third, how have information behavior capabilities evolved and developed over time? Written for researchers in information science as well as social and cognitive sciences, Spink's controversial text lays the foundation for a new interdisciplinary theoretical perspective on information behavior that will not only provide a more holistic framework for this field but will also impact those sciences, and thus also open up many new research directions.

RSWK

Information / Wissensorganisation / Kognitive Entwicklung / Anthropologie

Series

Information science and knowledge management ; 6159

Subject

Information / Wissensorganisation / Kognitive Entwicklung / Anthropologie

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Abstract

A practical approach to developing and operating an effective programme to manage hybrid records within an organization. This title positions records management as an integral business function linked to the organisation's business aims and objectives. The authors also address the records requirements of new and significant pieces of legislation, such as data protection and freedom of information, as well as exploring strategies for managing electronic records. Bullet points, checklists and examples assist the reader throughout, making this a one-stop resource for information in this area.

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Classification

ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering

RVK

ST 515 Informatik / Monographien / Einzelne Anwendungen der Datenverarbeitung / Wirtschaftsinformatik / Wissensmanagement, Information engineering

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information - Wissenschaft und Praxis 56(2005) H.2, S.121 (K. Weber): "Rainer Kuhlen ist Professor für Informationswissenschaft an der Universität Konstanz und Lehrbeauftragter am Institut für Bibliothekswissenschaft der HumboldtUniversität zu Berlin. Seine "Informationsethik" ist als Lehrbuch konzipiert; dies ist schon allein daran ersichtlich, dass jedes Kapitel mit "Kontrollfragen" schließt, die Studierenden ermöglichen sollen, zu prüfen, ob der bisher thematisierte Stoff erfasst wurde. Der Text selbst ist in verschiedenen Schriftgrößen gesetzt. Es finden sich kleiner gesetzte Passagen, die der Autor als besonders wichtig und als Kondensat der bis dahin gebotenen Ausführungen anzusehen scheint. Dies mag für ein Selbststudium hilfreich sein, sofern man beim Autor studiert. Ob dies aber für alle Studierenden der Informationswissenschaft oder angrenzender Fächer gilt, kann man bezweifeln. Das Feld der Informationsethik ist stark in Bewegung, das Feld ist recht heterogen. Es ist zwar legitim und wünschenswert, den Versuch der Kanonisierung in der Lehre zu unternehmen, doch scheint dies noch verfrüht. Kuhlen selbst verweist mehrfach darauf, dass die Debatte der Informationsethik im Fluss ist; daher kann der Ausweis vermeintlich wichtiger und weniger wichtiger Aussagen gerade dann fehlleiten, wenn gleichzeitig der Anspruch der Allgemeingültigkeit und Vollständigkeit erhoben wird - und dieser Anspruch steckt überall in Kuhlens Buch. Die Stärke des Buchs liegt darin, dass es eine Fülle von Informationen zur Informationsethik und der darin behandelten Fragen bietet - es werden die großen Probleme angesprochen. Hier an Details zu mäkeln würde dem Anspruch des Buchs nicht gerecht werden; nimmt man die Konzeption als Lehrbuch ernst, so muss das Hauptziel sein, den Studierenden einen breiten Einblick in die jeweiligen Problemlagen zu verschaffen. Dies leistet das Buch ohne Zweifel.

Theme

Information

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BK

85.20 / Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation

Classification

85.20 / Betriebliche Information und Kommunikation