Search (23 results, page 1 of 2)

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Abstract

This book offers a comprehensive guide to the world of metadata, from its origins in the ancient cities of the Middle East, to the Semantic Web of today. The author takes us on a journey through the centuries-old history of metadata up to the modern world of crowdsourcing and Google, showing how metadata works and what it is made of. The author explores how it has been used ideologically and how it can never be objective. He argues how central it is to human cultures and the way they develop. Metadata: Shaping Knowledge from Antiquity to the Semantic Web is for all readers with an interest in how we humans organize our knowledge and why this is important. It is suitable for those new to the subject as well as those know its basics. It also makes an excellent introduction for students of information science and librarianship.

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval

Subject

Information storage and retrieval

Theme

Semantic Web

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Abstract

Forty years ago the ICCP in Paris laid the foundations of international co-operation in descriptive cataloging without explicitly speaking of authority control. Some of the factors in the evolution of authority control are the development of catalogs (from card catalog to local automation, to today's OPAC on the Web) and services provided by libraries (from individual service to local users to system networks, to the World Wide Web), as well as international agreements on cataloging (from Paris Principles to the UBC programme, to the report on Mandatory data elements for internationally shared resource authority records). This evolution progressed from the principle of uniform heading to the definition of authority entries and records, and from the responsibility of national bibliographic agencies for the form of the names of their own authors to be shared internationally to the concept of authorized equivalent heading. Some issues of the present state are the persisting differences among national rules and the aim of respecting both local culture and language and international readability.

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Abstract

Seit der 1983 in zweiter Auflage erschienenen 'Katalogkunde: Formalkataloge und formale Ordnungsmethoden' hat sich durch die elektronische Datenverarbeitung die Arbeit im Bereich der Katalogisierung einschneidend verändert. Einerseits ist ein gewisser Entwicklungsprozeß noch nicht abgeschlossen (Regelwerke, Datenformate, Einbindung in den allgemeinen Informations- und Kommunikationsprozeß), andererseits ist das Wissen sowohl um konventionelle als auch um elektronische Kataloge auch in 'unsicheren Zeiten' nicht verzichtbar. Entsprechend versteht sich die Einführung als Hilfe für Unterricht, Fortbildung und Praxis in Zeiten des Umbruchs und der Entwicklung. Sie möge deshalb auch denen dienen, die nicht unmittelbar mit der Katalogisierung zu tun haben, aber Zusammenhänge erkennen wollen und Entscheidungen zu treffen haben

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Abstract

From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.

Imprint

New York : Haworth Information Press

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Abstract

From a historical perspective, one could consider the modern library catalog to be that bibliographical apparatus that stretches at least from Thomas Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian Library at Oxford to the near present. Mai and other recent authors have suggested postmodern approaches to knowledge organization. In these, we realize that there is no single and unique order of knowledge or documents but rather there are many appropriate orders, all of them contextually dependent. Works (oeuvres, opera, Werke, etc.), as are musical works, literary works, works of art, etc., are and always have been key entities for information retrieval. Yet catalogs in the modern era were designed to inventory (first) and retrieve (second) specific documents. From Hyde's catalog for the Bodleian until the late twentieth century, developments are epistemologically pragmatic--reflected in the structure of catalog records, in the rules for main entry headings, and in the rules for filing in card catalogs. After 1980 developments become empirical-reflected in research conducted by Tillett, Yee, Smiraglia, Leazer, Carlyle, and Vellucci. The influence of empiricism on the pragmatic notion of "the work" has led to increased focus on the concept of the work. The challenge for the postmodern online catalog is to fully embrace the concept of "the work," finally to facilitate it as a prime objective for information retrieval.

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Abstract

Cataloging principles and objectives guide the formation of cataloging rules governing the organization of information within the library catalog, as well as the function of the catalog itself. Changes in technologies wrought by the internet and the web have been the driving forces behind shifting cataloging practice and reconfigurations of cataloging rules. Modern cataloging principles and objectives started in 1841 with the creation of Panizzi's 91 Rules for the British Museum and gained momentum with Charles Cutter's Rules for Descriptive Cataloging (1904). The first Statement of International Cataloguing Principles (ICP) was adopted in 1961, holding their place through such codifications as AACR and AACR2 in the 1970s and 1980s. Revisions accelerated starting in 2003 with the three original FR models. The Library Reference Model (LRM) in 2017 acted as a catalyst for the evolution of principles and objectives culminating in the creation of Resource Description and Access (RDA) in 2013.

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Abstract

Among knowledge organizing institutions, libraries have a rich history of depicting persons as information. From personal authority records to descriptions of oral history interviews, libraries have amassed data on persons from a variety of perspectives. Within this set of traditions, however, subtle but significant shifts in practice and conception have occurred, particularly concerning how persons are interpreted and depicted and how such depictions are justified. To explore these issues, we looked to four specific library traditions: authority work, community information, oral history, and "human library" events. Within these traditions, we identified six standards guiding the representation of persons. We performed a content analysis of these standards, along with a semantic alignment and comparison of descriptive elements. From this analysis, we reconstructed an historical timeline and a set of narratives capturing changing definitions of people, a shifting focus from names to identities, and an increasing acceptance of varied sources of justification. Findings show not only a number of critical variations within library practices but also practical and ethical issues concerning the responsibility of libraries as well as the redistribution and reuse of library data on the web.

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Imprint

New York : Haworth Information Press

Pages

S.3-22

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Content

Vgl. unter: http://journals.ub.uni-heidelberg.de/index.php/bibliothek/article/view/16809.

Source

Perspektive Bibliothek. 3(2014) H.2, S.120-143

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Abstract

Martin Schrettinger (1772-1851) gehört neben Christian Molbech und Friedrich Adolf Ebert zu den bedeutendsten Theoretikern der Bibliothekswissenschaft Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts. Als Praktiker war der ehemalige Benediktinermönch lebenslang im Bibliotheksdienst tätig, unter anderem an der Königlichen Hofbibliothek in München, wo er sich durch die Anlage eines handschriftlich verfassten Realkatalogs verdient gemacht hat. In seinen theoretischen Arbeiten erläuterte Schrettinger eingehend die in der Bibliothekspraxis gemachten Erfahrungen, bietet Begriffsdefinitionen an und setzte sich für die Etablierung des Bibliothekarberufs und der dafür notwendigen Wissenschaftstheorie ein. Er prägte als erster den Begriff "Bibliothekswissenschaft". Martin Schrettinger veröffentlichte ab 1808 die vier Hefte "Versuch eines vollständigen Lehrbuches der Bibliothek Wissenschaft" und wurde damit zum Pionier einer Wissenschaft, die zur damaligen Zeit noch gar nicht anerkannt war. Das theoretische Schaffen des Bibliothekars aus München gipfelte in seinem "Handbuch der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft, besonders zum Gebrauche der Nicht-Bibliothekare; welche ihre Privat-Büchersammlung selbst einrichten wollen" (erstmalig veröffentlicht 1834 in der Beck'schen Universitäts-Buchhandlung zu Wien), in welchem er seine Lehren in konzentrierter und lebendiger Form darlegte. Das interessante und lesenswerte Lehrbuch ist heute nur noch in sehr wenigen und schützenswerten Exemplaren zu finden. Es sollte aber für eine breite Öffentlichkeit von Bibliothekaren, Wissenschaftlern, Studenten und anderen bibliothekshistorisch Interessierten wieder erhältlich sein. Dieses Ziel verfolgen Studenten der Bibliotheksund Informationswissenschaft der HTWK Leipzig. Auf der Grundlage des in der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig vorhandenen und selten gut erhaltenen Exemplars wird ein originalgetreuer Nachdruck erstellt und durch ein Nachwort zu Leben und Werk Martin Schrettingers sowie durch eine ausgewählte Bibliographie ergänzt.

Footnote

Rez. in: ZfBB 51(2004) H.5/6, S.359-360 (V. Henze): "Martin Schrettinger? - Bei Absolventen der Bibliotheksschulen und -wissenschaften mag dieser Name eine vage Erinnerung auslösen, ihn schon einmal als einen der Begründer der modernen Bibliothekswissenschaft in Deutschland gehört zu haben. Tatsächlich hat Schrettinger im Jahre 18o8 als erster den Begriff »Bibliothek-Wissenschaft« geprägt. Doch mit der Nennung dieses Stichworts wird es üblicherweise auch schon sein Bewenden gehabt und wird Schrettinger das Los mit anderen Begründern fachlicher Disziplinen geteilt haben: genannt und gerühmt, aber kaum jemals gelesen worden zu sein. Dass dies nun künftig anders werden könnte, ist der Weidmannschen Verlagsbuchhandlung in Hildesheim zu verdanken, die einen vorzüglich ausgestatteten, mit einem ausführlichen Nachwort sowie einer Bibliografie versehenen faksimilierten Nachdruck von Martin Schrettingers Hauptwerk verlegt hat, dem im Jahr 1834 erstmals erschienenen »Handbuch der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft, besonders zum Gebrauche der Nicht-Bibliothekare, welche ihre Privat=Büchersammlungen selbst einrichten wollen«. Dass wir es dabei nicht nur mit einem aus historischen Gründen lobenswerten, sondern vor allem auch lohnenswerten Unterfangen zu tun haben, wird schnell deutlich:Wer den schmalen, insgesamt nicht einmal 200 Druckseiten umfassenden Band in der Erwartung, vielleicht auch ein wenig in der Hoffnung aufschlägt, einen amüsierten Blick in das historische Kuriositätenkabinett werfen zu können, wird schnell eines Besseren belehrt. Der 1772 in Neumarkt in der Oberpfalz geborene und 1851 in München gestorbene Bibliothekar der Königlichen Hof- und Staatsbibliothek München schreibt nicht nur in einer prägnanten, sondern auch 170 Jahre nach Erscheinen seines Werkes äußerst lesbaren Diktion, die manchem zeitgenössischen Fachtext zu wünschen wäre. Sein Handbuch ist als Arbeitsgrundlage für die Praxis gedacht, die alle Fragen bibliothekarischen Arbeitens abdecken soll-bis hin zu der Frage, an welcher Stelle des Buches die Signaturetiketten aufzubringen sind. Ohne Umschweife kommt Schrettingerjeweils auf den Punkt und formuliert bereits auf der zweiten Seite seines Buches als obersten Grundsatz der Bibliotheks-Wissenschaft: »Da nun jedes literarische Bedürfniß in einer Bibliothek nur allein durch Herbeischaffung der dahin einschlägigen Bücher befriedigt werden kann, so erscheint der Zweck jeder Bibliothek-Einrichtung als möglichst schnelles Auffinden der Bücher, und dieser Zweck muß notwendig als oberster Grundsatz der Bibliothek-Wissenschaft aufgestellt werden.«
Es kann nicht schaden, sich von Zeit zu Zeit eine solche Formulierung in dieser Deutlichkeit ins Gedächtnis zu rufen, insbesondere als sie bereits vor 170 Jahren niedergeschrieben wurde und schon damals von Schrettinger keinesfalls bloß als hehrerAnspruch gemeintwar.Schrettingerwusste,wovon er sprach. Nach der Auflassung von 150 bayerischen Klosterbibliotheken und der Übernahme der 100.000 Bände umfassenden Mannheimer Hofbibliothek platzte die Münchner Hofbibliothek aus allen Nähten; an eine sinnvolle Ordnung war nicht zu denken, worunter damals üblicherweise eine systematische Aufstellung verstanden wurde. Gegen sie wendet sich daher Schrettinger mit Entschiedenheit, und hier gewinnt sein Werk seine zukunftsweisende, auch heute noch unveränderte Gültigkeit: »Die so beliebte systematische Ordnung, welche man hier vermissen wird, ist ein eben so unzureichendes,ja ganz zweckwidriges, als äußerst mühesames Mittel zur Erreichung des hier vorgesteckten Zweckes, welcher durch ganz ungezwungene Spezialkataloge über die besondern wissenschaftlichen Clas-sen, und durch einen allgemeinen alphabetischen Realkatalog vollkommen und mit weit lichterer Mühe erreicht werden kann ... [Ein Aufstellungsplan] mag aber beschaffen seyn, wie er wolle, so wird sich doch jedes Mal bei der Ausführung desselben sehr bald zeigen, daß keine der irgend einem bibliothekarischen Zwecke entsprechenden Ordnungen durch die Aufstellung der Bücher in ihrer zweckmäßigen Vollkommenheit ausführbar sey.« Schrettinger setzte dagegen auf eine Aufstellung der Bücher nach einzelnen, von der Größe der Bibliothek und ihren Anforderungen zu bestimmenden Fächern, in denen die Bücher alphabetisch aufgestellt werden sollten, unterschieden einzig nach den drei Größen Folio, Ouart und Oktav. Erschließung und Ermittlung der Bücher sollte ausschließlich über Kataloge gewährleistet werden, wobei Schrettinger einen alphabetischen Gesamtkatalog, wissenschaftliche Spezialkataloge einzelner wissenschaftlicher Disziplinen und den von ihm »Realkatalog« genannten Schlagwortkatalog unterschied, um alle möglichen und denkbaren Suchinteressen abzudecken. »Rückweise« (Verweisungsformen) sollten zusätzliche Sucheinstiege schaffen und damit Recherchen weiter erleichtern. Für alle drei Katalogtypen entwarf Schrettinger konkrete Katalogisierungsregeln. Schrettingers ganze Leidenschaft gehörte dabei dem Realkatalog: Mit dem Aufbau des Realkataloges für die Münchner Hof- und Staatsbibliothek war er noch nach seinem Eintritt in den Ruhestand bis zu seinem Tode beschäftigt, ohne ihn fertig stellen zu können. Doch er hatte in seinem Handbuch ja bereits geschrieben: »Der einzige Umstand, welcher einen längern Zeitraum für die Ausarbeitung erfordert, ist der, daß an diesem nie mehr als ein Individuum zu gleicher Zeit arbeiten kann, ... [...] Nichts würde das Misslingen des ganzen Unternehmens sicherer und schneller herbeiführen, als Inconsequenz im Verfahren. Diese wäre aber unvermeidlich, wenn mehr als Ein Individuum zu gleicher Zeit Hand ans Werk legen wollte, mithin das >quot capita, tot sententiae< in Anwendung käme.«
Schrettinger beschreibt hier das bis zum heutigen Tag im Kern nicht befriedigend geklärte grundsätzliche Problem einer einheitlich gehandhabten intellektuellen sachlichen Erschließung von Literatur. Es ist dabei nicht so, dass Schrettinger sich andererseits der Gefahr dieses ganz auf die Person des Bearbeiters zugeschnittenen Arbeitens nicht bewusst gewesen wäre, stellt er sich doch selbst die Frage: »Aber wie wird es dann um die Fortsetzung und Vollendung dieser weitaussehenden Arbeit stehen, wenn das einzige dazu verwendete Individuum altersschwach werden oder sterben sollte?« Im Falle von Schrettingers Realkatalog beschloss die Leitung der Münchner Hof- und Staatsbibliothek nach seinem Tod im Jahre 1851 das Vorhaben einzustellen und den Realkatalog nicht weiterzuführen. Der älteste Schlagwortkatalog der WeIt, durch den Schrettinger in »dritter Potencierung« am liebsten auch noch die unselbstständig erschienenen Aufsätze und Abhandlungen erschlossen hätte, blieb ein Torso, der allerdings noch heute für Recherchen nach Literatur des 16. bis 18. Jahrhunderts benutzt wird. Gerade an diesem Umstand lässt sich erkennen, wie zukunftsweisend Schrettingers Denken und Wirken war. Dies gilt im Übrigen auch für seine in seinem Handbuch geäußerten und womöglich bald schon wieder aktuellen Forderungen nach eigenen Bibliotheksbauten, festen finanziellen Etats sowie speziell ausgebildeten,fest angestellten Berufsbibliothekaren: »Ein wahrer Bibliothekar muß nämlich a) das ganze Reich der Wissenschaften und Künste mit gleicher Liebe umfassen; er darf also durchaus kein Fach vorzüglich begünstigen; b) seine ganze Geisteskraft und Zeit (mit Ausnahme der zur Erhaltung seiner Gesundheit nöthigen Erholungsstunden) mit völliger Verzichtleistung auf literarische Privat=Arbeiten, der Bearbeitung und Verwaltung der Bibliothek weihen.« Kann man es schöner formulieren?"

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Abstract

An overview of the FRBR model, and how it can improve access to information through the helpful organization of metadata records. What is FRBR, and why is everyone talking about it? Is it really going to revolutionize cataloguing? And if so, what form will it take? This book is written for librarians, bibliographic systems designers, library and information science faculty and students, and anyone else who is interested in learning about the Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records (FRBR) and how following the FRBR model can improve access to information through helpful organization of the metadata records that are surrogates for information resources. Serials, art, music, moving images, maps, and archival materials are just a few of the formats covered. Not for catalogers only!

Footnote

Resonanz: "Arlene Taylor and her compadres don't even try to teach you how to construct a hierarchical record. Instead, they direct their efforts toward showcasing what's possible when digital technology and traditional cataloging practice meet. This is the future of cataloging." - Library Media Connection "The emergence of this textbook is testimony to the breadth and depth of work done to date. It documents much of that work, and provides a good basic introduction to FRBR that is broadly understandable... The relational concepts within FRBR are complicated and can be challenging. This book does a good job of illuminating them in a straightforward manner. It also describes how the application of the FRBR concepts could improve our systems of bibliographic access in very specific ways... For those of us that really want or need to be able to predict the impact that FRBR will have on our work, this is an accessible explanation of the current state of the art. As such it is a real contribution to our understanding." - TechKNOW "Understanding FRBR... features chapters contributed by leading authorities in the cataloging field... It offers a basic introduction to FRBR, discussions about FRBR, FRAD (functional requirements for authority data), and RDA (resource description and access), and the issues involved in using FRBR in nontraditional library settings such as with cartographic materials and music. Both books are well illustrated and include numerous bibliographical resources.' [Reviewed in conjuntion with FRBR: A Guide for the Perplexed]." - Library Journal "Taylor and her contributors cover FRBR and introduce the reader to FRAD as well... All chapters conclude with current and useful references to further reading and more information." - Booklist "Understanding FRBR is clearly written, well illustrated (many of the concepts are clarified by very helpful diagrams), and well indexed; additionally, chapters feature extensive bibliographies, many of which provide URLs to the IFLA groups' documents. While it may seem that this book is of interest only to catalogers, the application of FRBR will change the structure of catalog and the systems used to store and display it; therefore, it is an important text for systems librarians, reference librarians, and anybody else interested in the future of the organization and display of bibliographic information." - College & Research Libraries "Understanding FRBR is a useful and timely book that brings together recent developments in FRBR and offers several assessments of it." - Technicalities "No cataloguer, bibliographic systems designer or library and information science lecturers and students should be without this book. It is a useful resource in acquiring an understanding of what FRBR is about and how it will change the way in which cataloguers will think about cataloguing in future." - The Electronic Library

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Source

Understanding FRBR: what it is and how it will affect our retrieval tools. Ed. by Arlene Taylor

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Abstract

The catalog is the enduring means of access to information about the collection of a library. Without such information, use of a library would be limited to browsing the shelves in hopes of finding materials of interest. Hanson and Daily trace the development of catalogs from ancient times to the middle of the twentieth century. In parallel they also trace the history of cataloging rules and principles through the many codes of practice that have been developed over the years. The authors' speculation on what computerized catalogs might be like in the future, once developed, provides an interesting sidelight on the thinking of the era preceding the automation of catalogs.

Source

Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed.: M.J. Bates

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Source

Zeitschrift für Bibliothekswesen und Bibliographie. 22(1975) H.5, S.387-390

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Imprint

New York : Haworth Information Press

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Imprint

New York : Haworth Information Press

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Source

Cataloging and classification quarterly. 35(2002) nos.1/2, S.3-22

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Abstract

This report constitutes Phase I of a two-part study; a Phase II report will discuss subject cataloging. Phase I is concerned with the materials of a library as individual records (or documents) and as representations of certain works by certain authors--that is, with descriptive, or bibliographic, cataloging. Discussed in the report are (1) the history, role, function, and oblectives .of the author-and-title catalog; (2) problems and principles of descriptive catalogng, including the use and function of "main entry, the principle of authorship, and the process and problems of cataloging print and nonprint materials; (3) organization of the catalog; and (4) potentialities of automation. The considerations inherent in bibliographic cataloging, such as the distinction between the "book" and the "work," are said to be so elemental that they are essential not only to the effective control of library's materials but also to that of the information contained in the materials. Because of the special concern with information, the author includes a discussion of the "Bibliographic Dimensions of Information Control," 'prepared in collaboration with Robert M. Hayes, which also appears in "American Documentation," VOl.201 July 1969, p. 247-252.

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Imprint

New York : Haworth Information Press