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Footnote

Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].

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Source

Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]

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Source

http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_

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Abstract

The Turn analyzes the research of information seeking and retrieval (IS&R) and proposes a new direction of integrating research in these two areas: the fields should turn off their separate and narrow paths and construct a new avenue of research. An essential direction for this avenue is context as given in the subtitle Integration of Information Seeking and Retrieval in Context. Other essential themes in the book include: IS&R research models, frameworks and theories; search and works tasks and situations in context; interaction between humans and machines; information acquisition, relevance and information use; research design and methodology based on a structured set of explicit variables - all set into the holistic cognitive approach. The present monograph invites the reader into a construction project - there is much research to do for a contextual understanding of IS&R. The Turn represents a wide-ranging perspective of IS&R by providing a novel unique research framework, covering both individual and social aspects of information behavior, including the generation, searching, retrieval and use of information. Regarding traditional laboratory information retrieval research, the monograph proposes the extension of research toward actors, search and work tasks, IR interaction and utility of information. Regarding traditional information seeking research, it proposes the extension toward information access technology and work task contexts. The Turn is the first synthesis of research in the broad area of IS&R ranging from systems oriented laboratory IR research to social science oriented information seeking studies. TOC:Introduction.- The Cognitive Framework for Information.- The Development of Information Seeking Research.- Systems-Oriented Information Retrieval.- Cognitive and User-Oriented Information Retrieval.- The Integrated IS&R Research Framework.- Implications of the Cognitive Framework for IS&R.- Towards a Research Program.- Conclusion.- Definitions.- References.- Index.

Footnote

Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 59(2006) H.2, S.81-83 (O. Oberhauser): "Mit diesem Band haben zwei herausragende Vertreter der europäischen Informationswissenschaft, die Professoren Peter Ingwersen (Kopenhagen) und Kalervo Järvelin (Tampere) ein Werk vorgelegt, das man vielleicht dereinst als ihr opus magnum bezeichnen wird. Mich würde dies nicht überraschen, denn die Autoren unternehmen hier den ambitionierten Versuch, zwei informations wissenschaftliche Forschungstraditionen, die einander bisher in eher geringem Ausmass begegneten, unter einem gesamtheitlichen kognitiven Ansatz zu vereinen - das primär im sozialwissenschaftlichen Bereich verankerte Forschungsgebiet "Information Seeking and Retrieval" (IS&R) und das vorwiegend im Informatikbereich angesiedelte "Information Retrieval" (IR). Dabei geht es ihnen auch darum, den seit etlichen Jahren zwar dominierenden, aber auch als zu individualistisch kritisierten kognitiven Ansatz so zu erweitern, dass technologische, verhaltensbezogene und kooperative Aspekte in kohärenter Weise berücksichtigt werden. Dies geschieht auf folgende Weise in neun Kapiteln: - Zunächst werden die beiden "Lager" - die an Systemen und Laborexperimenten orientierte IR-Tradition und die an Benutzerfragen orientierte IS&R-Fraktion - einander gegenübergestellt und einige zentrale Begriffe geklärt. - Im zweiten Kapitel erfolgt eine ausführliche Darstellung der kognitiven Richtung der Informationswissenschaft, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Informationsbegriffes. - Daran schliesst sich ein Überblick über die bisherige Forschung zu "Information Seeking" (IS) - eine äusserst brauchbare Einführung in die Forschungsfragen und Modelle, die Forschungsmethodik sowie die in diesem Bereich offenen Fragen, z.B. die aufgrund der einseitigen Ausrichtung des Blickwinkels auf den Benutzer mangelnde Betrachtung der Benutzer-System-Interaktion. - In analoger Weise wird im vierten Kapitel die systemorientierte IRForschung in einem konzentrierten Überblick vorgestellt, in dem es sowohl um das "Labormodell" als auch Ansätze wie die Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache und Expertensysteme geht. Aspekte wie Relevanz, Anfragemodifikation und Performanzmessung werden ebenso angesprochen wie die Methodik - von den ersten Laborexperimenten bis zu TREC und darüber hinaus.
- Kapitel fünf enthält einen entsprechenden Überblick über die kognitive und benutzerorientierte IR-Tradition. Es zeigt, welche anderen (als nur die labororientierten) IR-Studien durchgeführt werden können, wobei sich die Betrachtung von frühen Modellen (z.B. Taylor) über Belkins ASK-Konzept bis zu Ingwersens Modell der Polyrepräsentation, und von Bates Berrypicking-Ansatz bis zu Vakkaris "taskbased" IR-Modell erstreckt. Auch Web-IR, OKAPI und Diskussionen zum Relevanzbegriff werden hier thematisiert. - Im folgenden Kapitel schlagen die Autoren ein integriertes IS&R Forschungsmodell vor, bei dem die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen Informationssuchenden, Systementwicklern, Oberflächen und anderen beteiligten Aspekten berücksichtigt werden. Ihr Ansatz vereint die traditionelle Laborforschung mit verschiedenen benutzerorientierten Traditionen aus IS&R, insbesondere mit den empirischen Ansätzen zu IS und zum interaktiven IR, in einem holistischen kognitiven Modell. - Kapitel sieben untersucht die Implikationen dieses Modells für IS&R, wobei besonders ins Auge fällt, wie komplex die Anfragen von Informationssuchenden im Vergleich mit der relativen Einfachheit der Algorithmen zum Auffinden relevanter Dokumente sind. Die Abbildung der vielfältig variierenden kognitiven Zustände der Anfragesteller im Rahmen der der Systementwicklung ist sicherlich keine triviale Aufgabe. Wie dabei das Problem der Einbeziehung des zentralen Aspektes der Bedeutung gelöst werden kann, sei dahingestellt. - Im achten Kapitel wird der Versuch unternommen, die zuvor diskutierten Punkte in ein IS&R-Forschungsprogramm (Prozesse - Verhalten - Systemfunktionalität - Performanz) umzusetzen, wobei auch einige kritische Anmerkungen zur bisherigen Forschungspraxis getroffen werden. - Das abschliessende neunte Kapitel fasst das Buch kurz zusammen und kann somit auch als Einstieg in dieThematik gelesen werden. Darauffolgen noch ein sehr nützliches Glossar zu allen wichtigen Begriffen, die in dem Buch Verwendung finden, eine Bibliographie und ein Sachregister. Ingwersen und Järvelin haben hier ein sehr anspruchsvolles und dennoch lesbares Buch vorgelegt. Die gebotenen Übersichtskapitel und Diskussionen sind zwar keine Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft, decken aber einen grossen Teil der heute in dieser Disziplin aktuellen und durch laufende Forschungsaktivitäten und Publikationen berührten Teilbereiche ab. Man könnte es auch - vielleicht ein wenig überspitzt - so formulieren: Was hier thematisiert wird, ist eigentlich die moderne Informationswissenschaft. Der Versuch, die beiden Forschungstraditionen zu vereinen, wird diesem Werk sicherlich einen Platz in der Geschichte der Disziplin sichern. Nicht ganz glücklich erscheint der Titel des Buches. "The Turn" soll eine Wende bedeuten, nämlich jene hin zu einer integrierten Sicht von IS und IR. Das geht vermutlich aus dem Untertitel besser hervor, doch dieser erschien den Autoren wohl zu trocken. Schade, denn "The Turn" gibt es z.B. in unserem Verbundkatalog bereits, allerdings mit dem Zusatz "from the Cold War to a new era; the United States and the Soviet Union 1983-1990". Der Verlag, der abgesehen davon ein gediegenes (wenn auch nicht gerade wohlfeiles) Produkt vorgelegt hat, hätte derlei unscharfe Duplizierend besser verhindert. Ungeachtet dessen empfehle ich dieses wichtige Buch ohne Vorbehalt zur Anschaffung; es sollte in keiner grösseren Bibliothek fehlen."

Series

The Kluwer international series on information retrieval ; 18

Theme

Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
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RSWK

Neurokybernetik / Information (Kybernetik) / Biologie / Biowissenschaften
Biowissenschaften / Philosophie / Kongress

Subject

Neurokybernetik / Information (Kybernetik) / Biologie / Biowissenschaften
Biowissenschaften / Philosophie / Kongress

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Abstract

Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.

Content

Inhalt: 1. Information Foraging Theory: Framework and Method 2. Elementary Foraging Models 3. The Ecology of Information Foraging on the World Wide Web 4. Rational Analyses of Information Scent and Web Foraging 5. A Cognitive Model of Information Foraging on the Web 6. A Rational Analysis and Computational Cognitive Model of the Scatter/Gather Document Cluster Browser 7. Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent 8. Social Information Foraging 9. Design Heuristics, Engineering Models, and Applications 10. Future Directions: Upward, Downward, Inward, and Outward

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Abstract

Mit dem Leitthema »lnformationskompetenz - Basiskompetenz in der Informationsgesellschaft« trägt das 7. Internationale Symposium für Informationswissenschaft der aktuellen Situation auf den elektronischen Informationsmärkten Rechnung. Informationskompetenz ist Voraussetzung dafür, wirklichen Nutzen aus den globalen Informationsangeboten zu ziehen. Immer mehr Informationsspezialisten werden gebraucht und gleichzeitig muss Informationskompetenz auch tatsächlich Basiskompetenz in unserer heutigen Informationsgesellschaft werden. Die Herausforderung ist interdisziplinär. Jenseits einer bloß technischen Ausrichtung ist z.B. sozioökonomisches, kognitiv-psychologisches, linguistisches, designerisch-ästhetisches Wissen verlangt, um Information erfolgreich erarbeiten zu können. Die 18 Artikel entsprechen der Bandbreite des Diskussionsstandes der Informationswissenschaft: Das Internet und das WWW sind Ausgangs- und Bezugspunkt vieler Arbeiten zu Informations- und Wissensmanagement, Informationswirtschaft, Verlags- und Bibliothekswesen, Wissensrepräsentation, Information Retrieval, Data/Text Mining sowie Hypertext/Multimedia

Content

Enthält die Beiträge: Thomas Mandl, Christa Womser-Hacker: Ein adaptives Information-Retrieval-Modell für Digitale Bibliotheken - Ilse Harms, Werner Schweibenz: Usability Engineering Methods for the Web Results From a Usability Study - Christian Wolff: Effektivität von Recherchen im WWW Vergleichende Evaluierung von Such- und Metasuchmaschinen - Rainer Hammwöhner: TransRouter revisited - Decision support in the routing of translation projects - Gerhard Rahmstorf: Wortmodell und Begriffssprache als Basis des semantischen Retrievals - Christian Schögl: Informationskompetenz am Beispiel einer szientometrischen Untersuchung zum Informationsmanagement - Otto Krickl, Elisabeth Milchrahm: Integrativer Ansatz zur Wissensbewertung - Gabriela Mußler, Harald Reiterer, Thomas M. Mann: INSYDER - Information Retrieval Aspects of a Business Intelligence System - C. Goller, J. Löning, T. Will, W. Wolff: Automatic Document Classification A thorough Evaluation of various Methods - Gerhard Heyer, Uwe Quasthoff, Christian Wolff: Aiding Web Searches by Statistical Classification Tools - Matthias N.0. Müller: Die virtuelle Fachbibliothek Sozialwissenschaften - Benno Homann: Das Dynamische Modell der Informationskompetenz (DYMIK) als Grundlage für bibliothekarische Schulungen - Gerhard Reichmann: Leistungsvergleiche zwischen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken - Willi Bredemeier, Woffigang G. Stock: Informationskompetenz europäischer Volkswirtschaften - Hermann Rösch: Internetportal, Unternehmensportal, Wissenschaftsportal Typologie und Funktionalität der wichtigsten Portalkonzeptionen - Harc Rittberger, Woffigang Semar: Regionale Elektronische Zeitungen: Qualitätskriterien und Evaluierung - Stephan Werner: Der Autor im digitalen Medium - ein notwendiges Konstrukt? - Dr. Jaroslav Susol: Access to information in electronic age - situation in Slovakia

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Footnote

Erwiderung auf: Jochum, U.: Bibliothek, Buch und Information

Source

Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 16(1992) H.2, S.264-266

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Footnote

Erwiderung darauf: Umstätter, W.: Schrift, Information, Interpretation und Wissen

Source

Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 15(1991) H.3, S.390-

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Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 11(1987), S.73-97

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Abstract

Der Wissensnavigator ist ein Lexikon der Zukunft auf dem Weg zu einer interaktiven Enzyklopädie. Wenn Sie die elektronische Fassung online benutzen, können Sie von den einzelnen Artikeln über Hyperlinks zu Seiten im World Wide Web gelangen, die noch mehr Informationen zum jeweiligen Zukunftsbegriff enthalten. Bei der elektronischen Ausgabe des Wissensnavigators, die auch im Internet zugänglich ist handelt es sich um eine "lebende" Anwendung, die sich gerade auch durch die Mitwirkung der Nutzer weiterentwickelt. Sie sind herzlich eingeladen, zum Teilnehmer dieses Evolutionsprozesses zu werden - etwa, indem Sie neue Begriffe vorschlagen, die aufgenommen werden sollen, oder Experten benennen, die zur Bearbeitung neuer Begriffe in Frage kommen, oder auch sich selbst als Experte zu erkennen geben. Eine Redaktion, die aus dem Autor und einem Expertenteam im Verlag besteht, wird über die Aufnahme neuer Begriffe entscheiden

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RSWK

Linguistic Turn / Kulturwissenschaften / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>
Sprache / Kultur / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>
Kognitive Linguistik / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>

Subject

Linguistic Turn / Kulturwissenschaften / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>
Sprache / Kultur / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>
Kognitive Linguistik / Kongress / Mannheim <2007>

Theme

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Abstract

WISSEN IST DIE RESSOURCE und der Produktionsfaktor des neuen Jahrtausends und längst schon Brennstoff der sich beschleunigenden Globalisierung. Wie erwerben und sortieren, vermitteln und nutzen wir Wissen, und wie hat die digitale Revolution den traditionellen Wissenserwerb verändert? Wie hat diese Visualisierung des Wissens unsere Gesellschaft umgestaltet, und wie sehen die neuen Schnittstellen zwischen Wissen und Handeln, zwischen Mensch und Computer aus? Zu diesen Fragen hat die »Akademie zum Dritten Jahrtausend«, Think Tank des Burda Verlags, am 3.-4.2.1999 in München einen internationalen Kongress veranstaltet und Fachleute und Vordenker aus alter Weit eingeladen, um die Konturen der heraufziehenden Zeit zu beleuchten. Vertreter aus Hirnforschung, Neurobiologie, Künstlicher Intelligenz-Forschung, Sozial-, Sprach- und Computerwissenschaft, Informationsdesign, Medientechnologie und Wirtschaftsmanagement diskutierten während eines Symposiums und in anwenderorientierten Workshops, die begleitet waren von einer Software- und DesignAusstellung. WELTWISSEN - WISSENSWELT. DAS GLOBALE NETZ VON TEXT UND BILD ist die um Originatbeiträge ergänzte und erweiterte Dokumentation dieser Bestandsaufnahme am Beginn des neuen Jahrtausends

Content

EINFÜHRUNG - Christa Maar: Envisioning Knowledge - Die Wissensgesellschaft von morgen. - KAPITEL 1 DIE NEUE KULTUR DER VISUELLEN KOMMUNIKATION: Ernst Pöppel: Drei Weiten des Wissens - Koordinaten einer Wissenswelt - Joseph Grigely im Gespräch mit Hans Ulrich Obrist: Dazwischen entsteht das Wissen - Derrick de Kerckhove: Medien des Wissens - Wissensherstellung auf Papier, auf dem Bildschirm und online - Peter Weibel: Wissen und Vision - Neue Schnittstellentechnologien der Wahrnehmung - Elisabeth Schweeger: Wissensgesellschaft und Kunst - Das Netz als Chance für kulturelle Vielfalt und Toleranz - Helga Nowotny im Gespräch mit Hans Ulrich Obrist: Inter- und Transdisziplinarität als Eckpfeiler der Wissensgesellschaft - Armin Nassehi Von der Wissensarbeit zum Wissensmanagement - Die Geschichte des Wissens ist die Erfolgsgeschichte der Moderne - Mihai Nadin: Wissen, Entertainment, Visualität und die Medien Anmerkungen zur Zukunft der Bildung - Luyen Chou: Informativ, interaktiv, kollaborativ und selbstbestimmt Mit digitalen Lernumgebungen verändern sich die Lernprozesse - Anthony W. Bates: Virtuell global, zietgruppenorientiert - Der Einfluss der neuen Medien auf die Universität - KAPITEL 2: Wissen in Gehirnen und Artefakten: Wolf Singer: Wissensquellen - Wie kommt das Wissen in den Kopf? - Francisco J. Varela: Die biologischen Wurzeln des Wissens - Vier Leitprinzipien für die Zukunft der Kognitionswissenschaft - Israel Rosenfield: Wissen als Interaktion - Beiträge aus der Hirnforschung und Computerwissenschaft - Semir Zeki: Farbe, Form, Bewegung - Zur Verarbeitung des visuellen Wissens im menschlichen Gehirn - Luc Steels: Kognitive Roboter und Teleportation - Artefakte reagieren auf ihre Umwelt und erfinden sich eine Sprache - Karl-Hans Englmeier: Virtual Reality in der Medizin - 3D-Techniken revolutionieren die Mensch/Maschine-Interaktion - KAPITEL 3: Das Wissen von morgen und sein Design: Bob Greenberg im Gespräch mit Annette Schipprack: Blick zurück & nach vorn - Von der Film- und Video-Produktion zum Web-Design - Hubert Burda: Info-Grafik - Wie die Focus-lkonologie entstand - William J. T. Michell: Das Kunstwerk im Zeitalter seiner biokybernetischen Reproduzierbarkeit - Thomas Hettche: Schreibzeug und andere Erinnerungen - Bruce Mau: Wachstumsvorgänge - Ein unvollständiges Manifest zu den verschiedenen Weisen der Wissenserzeugung - Cornel Windlin/MM: Kunstprojekt »Envisioning Knowledge« - Das Wissensmuseum im Westentaschenformat - John Bock: Paramoderne - Josh Kimberg im Gespräch mit Annette Schipprack: Interaktive Web-Designer sind die Aichimisten von heute - Michael Conrad im Gespräch mit Stefan Ruzas: Werbung und Poesie - Die Bedeutung von Wissen für die Markenführung - Marney Morris im Gespräch mit Uli Pecher: Verliebt ins Lernen - Grundprinzipien des Muttimedia-Designs - Ramana Rao: Der >Hyperbolic Tree< und seine Verwandten - 3D-Interfaces erleichtern den Umgang mit großen Datenmengen - Albrecht A. C. von Mütter Das Erzeugen, Speichern und Nutzen von Wissen als Schlüsselkompetenz der Zukunft - KAPITEL 4: Neue Medien und Wirtschaft: Gabi Reinmann-Rothmeier/Heinz Mandt: Wissensmanagement im Unternehmen - Eine Herausforderung für die Repräsentation, Kommunikation, Schöpfung und Nutzung von Wissen - Hubert Österle: Geschäftsmodell des Informationszeitalters - Die digitalen Medien ermöglichen eine radikale Kundenzentrierung - Volker Jung: Wissen, das produktiv wird - Mit Wissensmanagement zum lernenden Unternehmen - Burkhardt Pautuhn Finanzdienstplatz Internet - Die Marke kommuniziert die Vertrauenswürdigkeit - Martin Raab: Vernetzte Logistik - Die Deutsche Post auf dem Weg zum intelligenten Kommunikations- und Dienstleistungsunternehmen - Michael Krämer: Vision Telematik - Das Auto als begehrenswertes Stück Lebensraum - EPILOG: William J. Clancey: Das Haughton-Mars-Projekt der NASA - Ein Beispiel für die Visualisierung praktischen Wissens - Tom Sperlich: Die Zukunft hat schon begonnen - Visualisierungssoftware in der praktischen Anwendung - 1. Unsichtbares sichtbar machen - 2. Mit 3D-Darsteltungen besser verkaufen - 3. Mixed Realities - 4. Informationstechnik hilft heilen - 5. Informationen finden - Komplexes verstehen - 6. Informationslandschaften - Karten - 7. Arbeiten und Wohnen in der Info-Zukunft - 8. Neues Lernen in der Info-Welt - 9. Computerspiele als Technologie-Avantgarde - 10. Multimediale Kunst

RSWK

Wissen / Informationsgesellschaft / Kongress / München <1999> (2134)

Subject

Wissen / Informationsgesellschaft / Kongress / München <1999> (2134)

Theme

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Source

Elektronische Rechenanlagen. 26(1984), S.281-289

Theme

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BK

05.38 (Neue elektronische Medien) <Kommunikationswissenschaft>

Classification

05.38 (Neue elektronische Medien) <Kommunikationswissenschaft>

Date

18. 9.2018 12:57:22

RSWK

Elektronische Überwachung

Subject

Elektronische Überwachung

Theme

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Abstract

Information Science (IS) is commonly said to study collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and use of information. However, there is no consensus on what information is. This article examines some of the formal models of information and informational processes, namely, Situation Theory and Shannon's Information Theory, in terms of their suitability for providing a useful framework for studying information in IS. It is argued that formal models of information are concerned with mainly ontological aspects of information, whereas IS, because of its evaluative role with respect to semantic content, needs an epistemological conception of information. It is argued from this perspective that concepts of epistemological/aesthetic/ethical information are plausible, and that information science needs to rise to the challenge of studying many different conceptions of information embedded in different contexts. This goal requires exploration of a wide variety of tools from philosophy and logic.

Source

Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.10, S.2019-2031

Theme

Information

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Date

15. 7.2002 14:22:55

LCSH

Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects

PRECIS

Society / Effects of technological development in information systems

Subject

Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects
Society / Effects of technological development in information systems

Theme

Information

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Footnote

Rez. in: Information Research, 9(3), review no. R129 (T.D. Wilson): "The first edition of this book was published ten years ago and rapidly become something of a classic in the field of information seeking behaviour. It is good to see the second edition which incorporates not only the work the author has done since 1993, but also related work by other researchers. Kuhlthau is one of the most cited authors in the field and her model of the information search process, involving stages in the search and associated feelings, has been used by others in a variety of contexts. However, what makes this book different (as was the case with the first edition) is the author's dedication to the field of practice and the book's sub-title demonstrates her commitment to the transfer of research. In Kuhlthau's case this is the practice of the school library media specialist, but her research has covered students of various ages as well as a wide range of occupational groups. Because the information search model is so well known, I shall concentrate in this review on the relationship between the research findings and practice. It is necessary, however, to begin with the search process model, because this is central. Briefly, the model proposes that the searcher goes through the stages of initiation, selection, exploration, formulation, collection and presentation, and, at each stage, experiences various feelings ranging from optimism and satisfaction to confusion and disappointment. Personally, I occasionally suffer despair, but perhaps that is too extreme for most!
It is important to understand the origins of Kuhlthau's ideas in the work of the educational theorists, Dewey, Kelly and Bruner. Putting the matter in a rather simplistic manner, Dewey identified stages of cognition, Kelly attached the idea of feelings being associated with cognitive stages, and Bruner added the notion of actions associated with both. We can see this framework underlying Kuhlthau's research in her description of the actions undertaken at different stages in the search process and the associated feelings. Central to the transfer of these ideas to practice is the notion of the 'Zone of Intervention' or the point at which an information seeker can proceed more effectively with assistance than without. Kuhlthau identifies five intervention zones, the first of which involves intervention by the information seeker him/herself. The remaining four involve interventions of different kinds, which the author distinguishes according to the level of mediation required: zone 2 involves the librarian as 'locater', i.e., providing the quick reference response; zone 3, as 'identifier', i.e., discovering potentially useful information resources, but taking no further interest in the user; zone 4 as 'advisor', i.e., not only identifying possibly helpful resources, but guiding the user through them, and zone 5 as 'counsellor', which might be seen as a more intensive version of the advisor, guiding not simply on the sources, but also on the overall process, through a continuing interaction with the user. Clearly, these processes can be used in workshops, conference presentations and the classroom to sensitise the practioner and the student to the range of helping strategies that ought to be made available to the information seeker. However, the author goes further, identifying a further set of strategies for intervening in the search process, which she describes as 'collaborating', 'continuing', 'choosing', 'charting', 'conversing' and 'composing'. 'Collaboration' clearly involves the participation of others - fellow students, work peers, fellow researchers, or whatever, in the search process; 'continuing' intervention is associated with information seeking that involves a succession of actions - the intermediary 'stays with' the searcher throughout the process, available as needed to support him/her; 'choosing', that is, enabling the information seeker to identify the available choices in any given situation; 'charting' involves presenting a graphic illustration of the overall process and locating the information seeker in that chart; 'conversing' is the encouragement of discussion about the problem(s), and 'composing' involves the librarian as counsellor in encouraging the information seeker to document his/her experience, perhaps by keeping a diary of the process.
Together with the zones of intervention, these ideas, and others set out in the book, provide a very powerful didactic mechanism for improving library and information service delivery. Of course, other things are necessary - the motivation to work in this way, and the availability resources to enable its accomplishment. Sadly, at least in the UK, many libraries today are too financially pressed to do much more than the minimum helpful intervention in the information seeking process. However, that should not serve as a stick with which to beat the author: not only has she performed work of genuine significance in the field of human information behaviour, she has demonstrated beyond question that the ideas that have emerged from her research have the capability to help to deliver more effective services." Auch unter: http://informationr.net/ir/reviews/revs129.html

LCSH

Information retrieval

RSWK

USA / Bibliothek / Informationsmanagement

Subject

USA / Bibliothek / Informationsmanagement
Information retrieval

Theme

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Abstract

Starts from the premise that meaning is not an intrinsic property of information items. Approaches to 'meaning' in diverse humanities disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and the history of arts and music, are drawn on to enhance the understanding of meaning in the context of multimedia information retrieval on the Internet. The approaches described include philosophy of language and meaning, psychology of language including repertory grids and semantic differential, iconography and levels of meaning, and representation of music. A consistent theme in all these disciplines is the recognition that meaning is context dependent and may be analyzed at a variety of different levels, with nomenclature and number of levels varying across disciplines. Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of searching and retrieval on the Internet with particular emphasis on subject content and meaning. It shows the limitations of searching using the most basic level of meaning, while attempting to cater for a wide diversity of information resources and users. Recommends enhanced retrieval interfaces linked to the needs of specific user groups and the characteristics of specific media on the Internet

Source

Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al

Theme

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Content

Der IFLA Kongress in Glasgow stand in diesem Jahr unter dem Thema "Libraries for life: democracy, diversity, delivery". Eine wichtige Voraussetzung für das Leben in einer demokratischen Gesellschaft ist Kompetenz zur selbständigen effizienten Nutzung des wachsenden Informationsangebots. Entsprechend wurde in zahlreichen Veranstaltungen "Information Literacy" als eine fundamentale Methodenkompetenz thematisiert, an deren Vermittlung die Bibliotheken mitwirken sollten. Der Bericht wird sich schwerpunktmäßig mit den Veranstaltungen des Round Table User Education (RTUE) befassen, aber daneben auch punktuell auf Veranstaltungen eingehen, die sich ebenfalls mit dem Thema "User Education" befassten. Angestrebt wird dabei weniger eine detaillierte Wiedergabe der Inhalte einzelner Veranstaltungen, als ein Bericht über Entwicklungen, die für die Aktivitäten deutscher Bibliotheken im Bereich der Informationskompetenz relevant sein könnten.

Theme

Information