-
Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981)
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- Source
- http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
- Theme
- Information
-
Ingwersen, P.; Järvelin, K.: ¬The turn : integration of information seeking and retrieval in context (2005)
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- Abstract
- The Turn analyzes the research of information seeking and retrieval (IS&R) and proposes a new direction of integrating research in these two areas: the fields should turn off their separate and narrow paths and construct a new avenue of research. An essential direction for this avenue is context as given in the subtitle Integration of Information Seeking and Retrieval in Context. Other essential themes in the book include: IS&R research models, frameworks and theories; search and works tasks and situations in context; interaction between humans and machines; information acquisition, relevance and information use; research design and methodology based on a structured set of explicit variables - all set into the holistic cognitive approach. The present monograph invites the reader into a construction project - there is much research to do for a contextual understanding of IS&R. The Turn represents a wide-ranging perspective of IS&R by providing a novel unique research framework, covering both individual and social aspects of information behavior, including the generation, searching, retrieval and use of information. Regarding traditional laboratory information retrieval research, the monograph proposes the extension of research toward actors, search and work tasks, IR interaction and utility of information. Regarding traditional information seeking research, it proposes the extension toward information access technology and work task contexts. The Turn is the first synthesis of research in the broad area of IS&R ranging from systems oriented laboratory IR research to social science oriented information seeking studies. TOC:Introduction.- The Cognitive Framework for Information.- The Development of Information Seeking Research.- Systems-Oriented Information Retrieval.- Cognitive and User-Oriented Information Retrieval.- The Integrated IS&R Research Framework.- Implications of the Cognitive Framework for IS&R.- Towards a Research Program.- Conclusion.- Definitions.- References.- Index.
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitt. VÖB 59(2006) H.2, S.81-83 (O. Oberhauser): "Mit diesem Band haben zwei herausragende Vertreter der europäischen Informationswissenschaft, die Professoren Peter Ingwersen (Kopenhagen) und Kalervo Järvelin (Tampere) ein Werk vorgelegt, das man vielleicht dereinst als ihr opus magnum bezeichnen wird. Mich würde dies nicht überraschen, denn die Autoren unternehmen hier den ambitionierten Versuch, zwei informations wissenschaftliche Forschungstraditionen, die einander bisher in eher geringem Ausmass begegneten, unter einem gesamtheitlichen kognitiven Ansatz zu vereinen - das primär im sozialwissenschaftlichen Bereich verankerte Forschungsgebiet "Information Seeking and Retrieval" (IS&R) und das vorwiegend im Informatikbereich angesiedelte "Information Retrieval" (IR). Dabei geht es ihnen auch darum, den seit etlichen Jahren zwar dominierenden, aber auch als zu individualistisch kritisierten kognitiven Ansatz so zu erweitern, dass technologische, verhaltensbezogene und kooperative Aspekte in kohärenter Weise berücksichtigt werden. Dies geschieht auf folgende Weise in neun Kapiteln: - Zunächst werden die beiden "Lager" - die an Systemen und Laborexperimenten orientierte IR-Tradition und die an Benutzerfragen orientierte IS&R-Fraktion - einander gegenübergestellt und einige zentrale Begriffe geklärt. - Im zweiten Kapitel erfolgt eine ausführliche Darstellung der kognitiven Richtung der Informationswissenschaft, insbesondere hinsichtlich des Informationsbegriffes. - Daran schliesst sich ein Überblick über die bisherige Forschung zu "Information Seeking" (IS) - eine äusserst brauchbare Einführung in die Forschungsfragen und Modelle, die Forschungsmethodik sowie die in diesem Bereich offenen Fragen, z.B. die aufgrund der einseitigen Ausrichtung des Blickwinkels auf den Benutzer mangelnde Betrachtung der Benutzer-System-Interaktion. - In analoger Weise wird im vierten Kapitel die systemorientierte IRForschung in einem konzentrierten Überblick vorgestellt, in dem es sowohl um das "Labormodell" als auch Ansätze wie die Verarbeitung natürlicher Sprache und Expertensysteme geht. Aspekte wie Relevanz, Anfragemodifikation und Performanzmessung werden ebenso angesprochen wie die Methodik - von den ersten Laborexperimenten bis zu TREC und darüber hinaus.
- Kapitel fünf enthält einen entsprechenden Überblick über die kognitive und benutzerorientierte IR-Tradition. Es zeigt, welche anderen (als nur die labororientierten) IR-Studien durchgeführt werden können, wobei sich die Betrachtung von frühen Modellen (z.B. Taylor) über Belkins ASK-Konzept bis zu Ingwersens Modell der Polyrepräsentation, und von Bates Berrypicking-Ansatz bis zu Vakkaris "taskbased" IR-Modell erstreckt. Auch Web-IR, OKAPI und Diskussionen zum Relevanzbegriff werden hier thematisiert. - Im folgenden Kapitel schlagen die Autoren ein integriertes IS&R Forschungsmodell vor, bei dem die vielfältigen Beziehungen zwischen Informationssuchenden, Systementwicklern, Oberflächen und anderen beteiligten Aspekten berücksichtigt werden. Ihr Ansatz vereint die traditionelle Laborforschung mit verschiedenen benutzerorientierten Traditionen aus IS&R, insbesondere mit den empirischen Ansätzen zu IS und zum interaktiven IR, in einem holistischen kognitiven Modell. - Kapitel sieben untersucht die Implikationen dieses Modells für IS&R, wobei besonders ins Auge fällt, wie komplex die Anfragen von Informationssuchenden im Vergleich mit der relativen Einfachheit der Algorithmen zum Auffinden relevanter Dokumente sind. Die Abbildung der vielfältig variierenden kognitiven Zustände der Anfragesteller im Rahmen der der Systementwicklung ist sicherlich keine triviale Aufgabe. Wie dabei das Problem der Einbeziehung des zentralen Aspektes der Bedeutung gelöst werden kann, sei dahingestellt. - Im achten Kapitel wird der Versuch unternommen, die zuvor diskutierten Punkte in ein IS&R-Forschungsprogramm (Prozesse - Verhalten - Systemfunktionalität - Performanz) umzusetzen, wobei auch einige kritische Anmerkungen zur bisherigen Forschungspraxis getroffen werden. - Das abschliessende neunte Kapitel fasst das Buch kurz zusammen und kann somit auch als Einstieg in dieThematik gelesen werden. Darauffolgen noch ein sehr nützliches Glossar zu allen wichtigen Begriffen, die in dem Buch Verwendung finden, eine Bibliographie und ein Sachregister. Ingwersen und Järvelin haben hier ein sehr anspruchsvolles und dennoch lesbares Buch vorgelegt. Die gebotenen Übersichtskapitel und Diskussionen sind zwar keine Einführung in die Informationswissenschaft, decken aber einen grossen Teil der heute in dieser Disziplin aktuellen und durch laufende Forschungsaktivitäten und Publikationen berührten Teilbereiche ab. Man könnte es auch - vielleicht ein wenig überspitzt - so formulieren: Was hier thematisiert wird, ist eigentlich die moderne Informationswissenschaft. Der Versuch, die beiden Forschungstraditionen zu vereinen, wird diesem Werk sicherlich einen Platz in der Geschichte der Disziplin sichern. Nicht ganz glücklich erscheint der Titel des Buches. "The Turn" soll eine Wende bedeuten, nämlich jene hin zu einer integrierten Sicht von IS und IR. Das geht vermutlich aus dem Untertitel besser hervor, doch dieser erschien den Autoren wohl zu trocken. Schade, denn "The Turn" gibt es z.B. in unserem Verbundkatalog bereits, allerdings mit dem Zusatz "from the Cold War to a new era; the United States and the Soviet Union 1983-1990". Der Verlag, der abgesehen davon ein gediegenes (wenn auch nicht gerade wohlfeiles) Produkt vorgelegt hat, hätte derlei unscharfe Duplizierend besser verhindert. Ungeachtet dessen empfehle ich dieses wichtige Buch ohne Vorbehalt zur Anschaffung; es sollte in keiner grösseren Bibliothek fehlen."
- Series
- The Kluwer international series on information retrieval ; 18
- Theme
- Semantisches Umfeld in Indexierung u. Retrieval
Information
-
Pirolli, P.: Information foraging theory : adaptive interaction with information (2007)
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- Abstract
- Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
- Content
- Inhalt: 1. Information Foraging Theory: Framework and Method 2. Elementary Foraging Models 3. The Ecology of Information Foraging on the World Wide Web 4. Rational Analyses of Information Scent and Web Foraging 5. A Cognitive Model of Information Foraging on the Web 6. A Rational Analysis and Computational Cognitive Model of the Scatter/Gather Document Cluster Browser 7. Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent 8. Social Information Foraging 9. Design Heuristics, Engineering Models, and Applications 10. Future Directions: Upward, Downward, Inward, and Outward
- Theme
- Information
-
Karamuftuoglu, M.: Situating logic and information in information science (2009)
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- Abstract
- Information Science (IS) is commonly said to study collection, classification, storage, retrieval, and use of information. However, there is no consensus on what information is. This article examines some of the formal models of information and informational processes, namely, Situation Theory and Shannon's Information Theory, in terms of their suitability for providing a useful framework for studying information in IS. It is argued that formal models of information are concerned with mainly ontological aspects of information, whereas IS, because of its evaluative role with respect to semantic content, needs an epistemological conception of information. It is argued from this perspective that concepts of epistemological/aesthetic/ethical information are plausible, and that information science needs to rise to the challenge of studying many different conceptions of information embedded in different contexts. This goal requires exploration of a wide variety of tools from philosophy and logic.
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 60(2009) no.10, S.2019-2031
- Theme
- Information
-
Martin, W.J.: ¬The information society (1995)
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- Date
- 15. 7.2002 14:22:55
- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects
- PRECIS
- Society / Effects of technological development in information systems
- Subject
- Information storage and retrieval systems / Social aspects
Society / Effects of technological development in information systems
- Theme
- Information
-
Kuhlthau, C.C: Seeking meaning : a process approach to library and information services (2004)
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- Footnote
- Rez. in: Information Research, 9(3), review no. R129 (T.D. Wilson): "The first edition of this book was published ten years ago and rapidly become something of a classic in the field of information seeking behaviour. It is good to see the second edition which incorporates not only the work the author has done since 1993, but also related work by other researchers. Kuhlthau is one of the most cited authors in the field and her model of the information search process, involving stages in the search and associated feelings, has been used by others in a variety of contexts. However, what makes this book different (as was the case with the first edition) is the author's dedication to the field of practice and the book's sub-title demonstrates her commitment to the transfer of research. In Kuhlthau's case this is the practice of the school library media specialist, but her research has covered students of various ages as well as a wide range of occupational groups. Because the information search model is so well known, I shall concentrate in this review on the relationship between the research findings and practice. It is necessary, however, to begin with the search process model, because this is central. Briefly, the model proposes that the searcher goes through the stages of initiation, selection, exploration, formulation, collection and presentation, and, at each stage, experiences various feelings ranging from optimism and satisfaction to confusion and disappointment. Personally, I occasionally suffer despair, but perhaps that is too extreme for most!
It is important to understand the origins of Kuhlthau's ideas in the work of the educational theorists, Dewey, Kelly and Bruner. Putting the matter in a rather simplistic manner, Dewey identified stages of cognition, Kelly attached the idea of feelings being associated with cognitive stages, and Bruner added the notion of actions associated with both. We can see this framework underlying Kuhlthau's research in her description of the actions undertaken at different stages in the search process and the associated feelings. Central to the transfer of these ideas to practice is the notion of the 'Zone of Intervention' or the point at which an information seeker can proceed more effectively with assistance than without. Kuhlthau identifies five intervention zones, the first of which involves intervention by the information seeker him/herself. The remaining four involve interventions of different kinds, which the author distinguishes according to the level of mediation required: zone 2 involves the librarian as 'locater', i.e., providing the quick reference response; zone 3, as 'identifier', i.e., discovering potentially useful information resources, but taking no further interest in the user; zone 4 as 'advisor', i.e., not only identifying possibly helpful resources, but guiding the user through them, and zone 5 as 'counsellor', which might be seen as a more intensive version of the advisor, guiding not simply on the sources, but also on the overall process, through a continuing interaction with the user. Clearly, these processes can be used in workshops, conference presentations and the classroom to sensitise the practioner and the student to the range of helping strategies that ought to be made available to the information seeker. However, the author goes further, identifying a further set of strategies for intervening in the search process, which she describes as 'collaborating', 'continuing', 'choosing', 'charting', 'conversing' and 'composing'. 'Collaboration' clearly involves the participation of others - fellow students, work peers, fellow researchers, or whatever, in the search process; 'continuing' intervention is associated with information seeking that involves a succession of actions - the intermediary 'stays with' the searcher throughout the process, available as needed to support him/her; 'choosing', that is, enabling the information seeker to identify the available choices in any given situation; 'charting' involves presenting a graphic illustration of the overall process and locating the information seeker in that chart; 'conversing' is the encouragement of discussion about the problem(s), and 'composing' involves the librarian as counsellor in encouraging the information seeker to document his/her experience, perhaps by keeping a diary of the process.
Together with the zones of intervention, these ideas, and others set out in the book, provide a very powerful didactic mechanism for improving library and information service delivery. Of course, other things are necessary - the motivation to work in this way, and the availability resources to enable its accomplishment. Sadly, at least in the UK, many libraries today are too financially pressed to do much more than the minimum helpful intervention in the information seeking process. However, that should not serve as a stick with which to beat the author: not only has she performed work of genuine significance in the field of human information behaviour, she has demonstrated beyond question that the ideas that have emerged from her research have the capability to help to deliver more effective services." Auch unter: http://informationr.net/ir/reviews/revs129.html
- LCSH
- Information retrieval
- RSWK
- USA / Bibliothek / Informationsmanagement
- Subject
- USA / Bibliothek / Informationsmanagement
Information retrieval
- Theme
- Information
-
Burke, M.A.: Meaning, multimedia and the Internet : subject retrieval challenges and solutions (1997)
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- Abstract
- Starts from the premise that meaning is not an intrinsic property of information items. Approaches to 'meaning' in diverse humanities disciplines, including philosophy, psychology, and the history of arts and music, are drawn on to enhance the understanding of meaning in the context of multimedia information retrieval on the Internet. The approaches described include philosophy of language and meaning, psychology of language including repertory grids and semantic differential, iconography and levels of meaning, and representation of music. A consistent theme in all these disciplines is the recognition that meaning is context dependent and may be analyzed at a variety of different levels, with nomenclature and number of levels varying across disciplines. Identifies the strengths and weaknesses of searching and retrieval on the Internet with particular emphasis on subject content and meaning. It shows the limitations of searching using the most basic level of meaning, while attempting to cater for a wide diversity of information resources and users. Recommends enhanced retrieval interfaces linked to the needs of specific user groups and the characteristics of specific media on the Internet
- Source
- Proceedings of the 2nd British-Nordic Conference on Library and Information Studies, Edinburgh, 1997. Organized by the British Association for Information and Library Education (BAILER). Ed.: Micheline Beaulieu et al
- Theme
- Information
-
Boyd, A.: Information disparity : research and measurement challenges in an interconnected world (2004)
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- Abstract
- With the proliferation of new information channels such as the Web, e-mail and wireless, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of these technologies within information-seeking and retrieval contexts. This issue of Aslib Proceedings presents research that begins to address the notion of "information disparity". It aims to weave a common thread between the challenges of reconciling disparate information needs in an environment complicated by fragmented or disparate data sources. This article lists several emerging trends that should begin to challenge traditional notions of our research field.
- Footnote
- Beitrag in einem Themenheft "Information disparity: research and measurement challenges"
- Theme
- Information
-
Theories of information, communication and knowledge : a multidisciplinary approach (2014)
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- Abstract
- This book addresses some of the key questions that scientists have been asking themselves for centuries: what is knowledge? What is information? How do we know that we know something? How do we construct meaning from the perceptions of things? Although no consensus exists on a common definition of the concepts of information and communication, few can reject the hypothesis that information - whether perceived as « object » or as « process » - is a pre-condition for knowledge. Epistemology is the study of how we know things (anglophone meaning) or the study of how scientific knowledge is arrived at and validated (francophone conception). To adopt an epistemological stance is to commit oneself to render an account of what constitutes knowledge or in procedural terms, to render an account of when one can claim to know something. An epistemological theory imposes constraints on the interpretation of human cognitive interaction with the world. It goes without saying that different epistemological theories will have more or less restrictive criteria to distinguish what constitutes knowledge from what is not. If information is a pre-condition for knowledge acquisition, giving an account of how knowledge is acquired should impact our comprehension of information and communication as concepts. While a lot has been written on the definition of these concepts, less research has attempted to establish explicit links between differing theoretical conceptions of these concepts and the underlying epistemological stances. This is what this volume attempts to do. It offers a multidisciplinary exploration of information and communication as perceived in different disciplines and how those perceptions affect theories of knowledge.
- Content
- Introduction; 1. Fidelia Ibekwe-SanJuan and Thomas Dousa.- 2. Cybersemiotics: A new foundation for transdisciplinary theory of information, cognition, meaning, communication and consciousness; Soren Brier.- 3. Epistemology and the Study of Social Information within the Perspective of a Unified Theory of Information;Wolfgang Hofkirchner.- 4. Perception and Testimony as Data Providers; Luciano Floridi.- 5. Human communication from the semiotic perspective; Winfried Noth.- 6. Mind the gap: transitions between concepts of information in varied domains; Lyn Robinson and David Bawden.- 7. Information and the disciplines: A conceptual meta-analysis; Jonathan Furner.- 8. Epistemological Challenges for Information Science; Ian Cornelius.- 9. The nature of information science and its core concepts; Birger Hjorland.- 10. Visual information construing: bistability as a revealer of mediating patterns; Sylvie Leleu-Merviel. - 11. Understanding users' informational constructs via a triadic method approach: a case study; Michel Labour. - 12. Documentary languages and the demarcation of information units in textual information: the case of Julius O. Kaisers's Systematic Indexing
- RSWK
- Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>
- Subject
- Information / Kommunikation / Wissen / Informations- und Dokumentationswissenschaft / Kongress / Lyon <2011>
- Theme
- Information
-
Kaye, D.: ¬The nature of information (1995)
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- Abstract
- Presents a wide ranging look at the nature of information and at associated problems and concepts, based on a critical review of the literature of library and information science, organization science, cognitive sciences, communication theory, and other disciplines
- Theme
- Information
-
Cole, C.: Activity of understanding a problem during interaction with an 'enabling' information retrieval system : modeling information flow (1999)
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- Abstract
- This article is about the mental coding processes involved in the flow of 'information' when the user is interacting with an 'enabling' information retrieval system. An 'enabling' IR system is designed to stimulate the user's grasping towards a higher understanding of the information need / problem / task that brought the user to the IR system. C. Shannon's (1949/1959) model of the flow of information and K.R. Popper's (1975) 3 worlds concept are used to diagram the flow of information between the user and system when the user receives a stimulating massage, with particluar emphasis on the decoding and encoding operations involved as the user processes the message. The key difference between the model of information flow proposed here and the linear transmission, receiver-oriented model now in use is that we assume that users of a truly interactive, 'enabling' IR system are primarily message senders, not passive receivers of the message, because they must create a new message back to the system, absed on a reconceptualization of their information need, while they are 'online' interacting with the system
- Date
- 22. 5.1999 14:51:49
- Source
- Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 50(1999) no.6, S.544-552
- Theme
- Information
-
Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014)
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- Abstract
- I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
- Date
- 16. 6.2014 19:22:57
- Source
- Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 65(2014) no.6, S.1279-1287
- Theme
- Information
-
Lindesay, C.: What price information? (1997)
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- Abstract
- Considers cost and value issues of information, which are increasingly becoming the concern of a wide range of professions in addition to information and records managers. Explores a variety of ways of valuing information, 2 of which are based on its availability or proximity and the effect of possessing the information. Concludes that whilst putting a price or value on information is very difficult, there must be a value to it, as the effect of not having it can readily be observed
- Theme
- Information
-
Webb, T.J.: Turning information into knowledge (1997)
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- Abstract
- The 3rd in a series on the use and abuse of information, focusing on the relative quality of nearly all information, and how to deal with the problems generated by volatility of data. Argues that information should be gathered from a wide range of cultures, and preferably not the same one as the recipients, or the necessary 'relativising background' will not be provided. Looks at some ways to improve the quality and relevance of information routinely provided in business reports, by transforming the data in simple ways
- Source
- Information management report. 1997, Nov, S.8-11
- Theme
- Information
-
Neill, S.D.: ¬The dilemma of the subjective in information organization and retrieval (1987)
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- Theme
- Information
-
Andretta, S.: Information literacy : a practitioner's guide (2004)
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- Abstract
- This book explores two main models of Information Literacy or IL: the SCONUL (Society of College, National and University Libraries) Seven Pillars of Information Skills and the IL competencies identified by the ALA (American Library Association). Practical examples for the development of IL skills identified by these models are illustrated using printed and web-based resources. The process of integrating IL provision within a programme of study is outlined to illustrate two strategies underpinning this integration at generic-skills level, the 'plug & play' approach, and at subject-specific level, the 'research skills approach'. A range of diagnostic and assessment methods, to monitor the iterative process of IL skills development, are also included.
- Content
- Key Features - Explores practical applications of two major IL models - Explores strategies to integrate IL provision in a multi-disciplinary environment - Offers a range of learning and evaluation strategies appropriate for, as well as resources associated with, IL provision - Provides a gateway to generic and subject specific IL resources by complementing the publication with web-based access to an online collection relevant to Information Research and a range of web-based tutorials (existing and customised) to develop IL skills for online environments Readership Information practitioners operating in teaching as well as library support roles who are interested, or required, to develop IL. Academics in management positions responsible for the implementation of learning and teaching strategies. Contents Introduction From user education to IL: national and international perspectives - technological advancements and access to information; changes in higher education institutions: the student-centred learning approach; information practitioner as facilitator ('Sage an the stage vs. Guide an the side') IL models - SCONUUs Seven Pillars of Information Skills principles of progressions and iteration; ALA/ALRC: information competency standards for higher education (principle of self-directed learning); comparative analysis of the two models Practical applications of IL - provision through the level of competence: the plug & play approach (assessing IL skills); provision through integration by subject: the research skills approach; IL and pedagogy (studentcentred learning; transferability of skills) Challenges - IL and the 'what do I do now?' Syndrome; design and resource implications of IL provision
- Footnote
- Rez. in: Mitteilungen VOEB 59(2006) H.4, S.74-76 (M. Katzmayr): "Information Literacy (IL) bzw. Informationskompetenz ist in aller Munde, wird sie doch als Schlüsselqualifikation angesehen, um an der so genannten Informationsgesellschaft teilzuhaben. Susie Andretta, Dozentin für Informationsmanagement an der London Metropolitan University, hat nun einen praxisorientierten Leitfaden zur IL vorgelegt, worin zwei Aspekte im Vordergrund stehen: einerseits die Vermittlung der IL in der universitären Lehre, womit andererseits auch ein erfolgreiches lebenslanges Lernen nach Verlassen der Universität ermöglicht werden soll. Das Buch beginnt mit einer theoretischen Einführung. Dort ist zu lesen, dass sich die Vermittlung von IL aus Kursen zur Bibliotheksbenutzung entwickelt habe - doch während letztere traditionell den effektiven Umgang mit Bibliotheksressourcen vermitteln und somit auf die Bibliothek beschränkt seien, beinhalte IL auch Herangehensweisen zur Lösung komplexer Problemstellungen. Drei prominente IL-Konzeptionen folgender Organisationen werden anschließend ausführlicher vorgestellt und verglichen: die der US-amerikanischen "Association of Colleges and Research Libraries" (ACRL), des "Australian and New Zealand Institute for information Literacy" (ANZIIL) und der britischen "Society of College, National and University Libraries" (SCONUL). In allen drei besteht IL zumindest aus dem Wahrnehmen eines Informationsbedarfes, Methoden zum Erhalt dieser Information und schließlich ihrer Bewertung, um die Fragen zu beantworten, die zum Informationsbedarf geführt haben. Alle drei gehen über die rein technologische Kompetenz (IT-Kompetenz) hinaus und umfassen u. a. Medien-, Bibliotheks-, und Recherchekompetenzen, um nur einige zu nennen. Allerdings gehen zwei dieser Konzeptionen noch wesentlich weiter - so fordert die ANZIIL von einer informationskompetenten Person u.a. folgende Fähigkeit: "the information-literate person applies prior and new information to construct new concepts or create new understandings" (S. 157), der Lernzielkatalog der SCONUL beinhaltet: "The ability to synthesise and build upon existing information, contributing to the creation of new knowledge" (S. 162).
Was hier auffällt, ist der äußerst weit reichende inhaltliche Anspruch dieser Sichtweise von IL. Inwieweit dadurch eine Abgrenzung zum Themenund Lehrgebiet des "wissenschaftlichen Arbeitens" bzw. zu den Charakteristika umfassender Bildung überhaupt noch sinnvoll möglich ist, wird von der Autorin leider nicht behandelt. Interessant ist der Stellenwert der Bibliotheken in der Lehre der IL: In allen drei Konzeptionen wird eine Kooperation zwischen Bibliothek und Wissenschaftsbetrieb empfohlen, ja erfolge die Vermittlung von IL idealiter im jeweiligen Fachstudium durch die problemlösungsorientierte Bearbeitung spezifischer Fragestellungen. So gesehen könne also nicht von einem Monopol der Bibliotheken ausgegangen werden, ihre Rolle sei vielmehr mit dem Motto "information literacy is an issue for the library but not of the library" (S. 53) angemessen umschrieben. In Großbritannien gehe dabei die Initiative meist von den Bibliotheken aus, in den USA und Australien eher vom Wissenschaftsbetrieb. In beiden Fällen funktioniere diese Partnerschaft aber nicht immer reibungslos. Die Beweggründe von Bibliotheken, sich hierzu engagieren, werden von der Autorin jedoch keiner tiefer gehenden Analyse unterzogen. Dies wurde vielleicht nicht völlig unbeabsichtigt unterlassen, da daran nämlich eine - im vorliegenden Werk ausgeblendete - grundsätzliche und weit verbreitete Kritik an der IL anknüpfen könnte. Ein Blick in die relevante Literatur zeigt nämlich, dass Bibliothekarinnen nicht nur hehre Motive zugeschrieben werden, wenn sie sich am IL-Hype beteiligen bzw. ihn vorantreiben. Neben Erfahrungen mit der dürftigen Informationskompetenz vieler Studierender werden ihnen auch ganz andere, pragmatischere Beweggründe zugedacht'. Ein Beispiel: Die zunehmende institutionelle Marginalisierung von Bibliotheken und ihren Mitarbeiterinnen im Universitätsbetrieb mag eine kreative Vorwärtsverteidigung unter dem Deckmantel der IL als zweckmäßig erscheinen lassen' - überspitzt formuliert: IL als Konstrukt oder zumindest willkommene Gelegenheit, um den Bibliotheken auch weiterhin eine zentrale Rolle an den Universitäten zu sichern. Zum Glück gelingt es Andretta, anhand der relevanten Literatur und eigener Erfahrungen als Dozentin plausibel zu argumentieren, dass der Mangel vieler Studierender an Informationskompetenz tatsächlich eklatant und somit ein Handlungsbedarf gegeben ist. Welche Motive die Bibliotheken hier sonst noch haben mögen, kann so gesehen ruhig im Dunkeln bleiben.
- LCSH
- Information literacy / Examinations / Study guides
Information science / Examinations / Study guides
- Series
- Chandos Information Professional Series
- Subject
- Information literacy / Examinations / Study guides
Information science / Examinations / Study guides
- Theme
- Information
-
Smith, L.C.: "Wholly new forms of encyclopedias" : electronic knowledge in the form of hypertext (1989)
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- Abstract
- The history of encyclopedias and wholly new forms of encyclopedias are briefly reviewed. The possibilities and problems that hypertext presents as a basis for new forms of encyclopedias are explored. The capabilities of current systems, both experimental and commercially available, are outlined, focusing on new possibilities for authoring and design and for reading the retrieval. Examples of applications already making use of hypertext are given.
- Date
- 7. 1.1996 22:47:52
- Source
- Information, knowledge, evolution. Proceedings of the 44th FID Congress, Helsinki, 28.8.-1.9.1988. Ed. by S. Koshiala and R. Launo
- Theme
- Information
-
Liebenau, J.; Backhouse, J.: Understanding information : an introduction (1990)
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- LCSH
- Information storage and retrieval systems
- PRECIS
- Information systems
- Series
- Macmillan information systems series
- Subject
- Information storage and retrieval systems
Information systems
- Theme
- Information
-
Verdi, M.P.; Kulhavy, R.W.; Stock, W.A.; Rittscho, K.A.; Savenye, W.: Why maps improve memory for text : the influence of structural information on working-memory operations (1993)
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- Abstract
- In order to test how associated verbal and spatial stimuli are processed in memory, undergraduates studied a reference map as either an intact unit or as a series of individual features, and read a text containing facts related to map features. In Addition, the map was presented either before or after reading the text. Seeing the intact map prior to the text led to better recall of both map information and facts from the text. These results support a dual coding modell, where stimuli such as maps possess a retrieval advantage because they allow simultaneous representation in working memory. This advantage occurs because information from the map can be used to cue retrieval of associated verbal facts, without exceeding the processing constraints of the memorial system
- Date
- 22. 7.2000 19:18:18
- Theme
- Information
-
Wang, P.: Information behavior and seeking (2011)
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- Source
- Interactive information seeking, behaviour and retrieval. Eds.: Ruthven, I. u. D. Kelly
- Theme
- Information
