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  1. Heuvel, C. van den: Web 2.0 and the Semantic Web in research from a historical perspective : the designs of Paul Otlet (1868-1944) for telecommunication and machine readable documentation to organize research and society (2009) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Tim Berners-Lee described in Weaving the Web his future vision of the World Wide Web in two parts. In the first one, nowadays called Web 2.0, people collaborate and enrich data together in a shared information space. In the second part, exchanges extend to computers, resulting in a "Semantic Web" (Berners-Lee 2000a, 157). Most historical studies of World Wide Web begin with the American roots of the Internet in ARPANET or follow a historiographical line of post war information revolutionaries, from Vannevar Bush to Tim Berners-Lee. This paper follows an alternative line. At the end of the nineteenth and in the first decades of the twentieth century various European scholars, like Patrick Geddes, Paul Otlet, Otto Neurath, and Wilhelm Ostwald explored the organisation, enrichment and dissemination of knowledge on a global level to come to a peaceful, universal society. We focus on Paul Otlet (1868-1944) who developed a knowledge infrastructure to update information mechanically and manually in collaboratories of scholars. First the Understanding Infrastructure (2007) report, that Paul N. Edwards et al. wrote on behalf of NSF, will be used to position Otlet's knowledge organization in their sketched development from information systems to information internetworks or webs. Secondly, the relevance of Otlet's knowledge infrastructure will be assessed for Web 2.0 and Semantic Web applications for research. The hypothesis will be put forward that the instruments and protocols envisioned by Otlet to enhance collaborative knowledge production, can still be relevant for current conceptualizations of "scientific authority" in data sharing and annotation in Web 2.0 applications and the modeling of the Semantic Web.
  2. Baer, H.: Bibliothek - Fachbibliothek - Dokumentation : vom Katalog zum automatic information system (1963) 0.01 
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  3. Manfroid, S.; Gillen, J.; Phillips-Batoma, P.M.: ¬The archives of Paul Otlet : between appreciation and rediscovery, 1944-2013 (2013) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper outlines the life and work of Paul Otlet (1868-1944). Otlet was a founder of the scholarly disciplines of bibliography, documentation, and information science. As a result of the work he undertook with Henri La Fontaine (1854-1943)-specifically, the establishment in 1895 in Brussels of the International Institute of Bibliography, which aimed to construct a Universal Bibliographic Repertory-Otlet has become known as the father of the Internet. Otlet's grand project, as stated in his Traité de documentation (1934), was never fully realized. Even before his death, the collections he assembled had been dismembered. After his death, the problematic conditions in which Otlet's personal papers and the collections he had created were preserved meant that his thought and work remained largely unacknowledged. It fell to W. Boyd Rayward, who began to work on Otlet in the late 1960s, to rescue him from obscurity, publishing in 1975 a major biography of the pioneer knowledge entrepreneur and internationalist progenitor of the World Wide Web.
  4. Tré, G. de; Acker, W. van: Spaces of information modeling, action, and decision making (2012) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Nowadays, tremendous information sources are preserved, ranging from those of a traditional nature like libraries and museums to new formats like electronic databases and the World Wide Web. Making these sources consistent, easily accessible, and as complete as possible is challenging. Almost a century ago, people like Paul Otlet were already fully aware of this need and tried to develop ways of making human knowledge more accessible using the resources and technology available at that time. Otlet's ideas about a Universal Network of Documentation and the Universal Book are clear examples of such efforts. Computer science currently provides the means to build digital spaces that consist of (multimedia) information sources connected through the Internet. In this article, we give a nontechnical overview of the current state of the art in information management. Next, we focus on those aspects of Otlet's work that deal with the organization of knowledge and information sources. Then we study the potential connections between Otlet's work and the state of the art of computerized information management from a computer scientist's point of view. Finally, we consider some of the problems and challenges that information management still faces today and what computer science professionals have in common with, and can still learn from, Otlet and his work.
    Content
    Beitrag in einem Themenheft: 'Information and Space: Analogies and Metaphors'.
  5. Lambe, P.: From cataloguers to designers : Paul Otlet, social Impact and a more proactive role for knowledge organisation professionals (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    In the early 20th century, Paul Otlet carved out a role for bibliography and documentation as a force for positive social change. While his ideals appeared to be utopian to many of his contemporaries, his activism and vision foreshadowed the potential of the World Wide Web. This paper discusses the role that KO professionals could play in enhancing the positive social impact of the web of knowledge, and how our roles are shifting from the more passive role of descriptive cataloguers, to proactive designers of positive and productive knowledge environments.
  6. Hartmann, F.: Paul Otlets Hypermedium : Dokumentation als Gegenidee zur Bibliothek (2015) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Schon zur Wende ins 20. Jahrhundert zweifelte der belgische Privatgelehrte Paul Otlet an der Zukunft des Buches und der Bibliothek. Statt dessen begann er damit, eine Dokumentation und Neuorganisation des Weltwissens anzulegen, und mittels eines Karteikartensystems (Répertoire Bibliographique Universel) zu vernetzen. Dieses Projekt eines flexiblen, abfrageorientierten Wissensbestandes in einem 'Hypermedium' (Otlet) besetzte jene technologische Leerstelle, die inzwischen eine die bibliothekarische Epoche aufsprengende neue Wissenskultur der digitalen Medialität produziert hat.
    Date
    22. 8.2016 15:58:46
  7. Roberts, N.: Historical studies in documentation : the pre-history of the information retrieval thesaurus (1984) 0.01 
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  8. Zerbst, H.-J.; Kaptein, O.: Gegenwärtiger Stand und Entwicklungstendenzen der Sacherschließung : Auswertung einer Umfrage an deutschen wissenschaftlichen und Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Ergebnis einer Umfrage aus dem Frühjahr 1993. A. Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken: Versandt wurde der Fragebogen an die Mitglieder der Sektion IV des DBV. Fragen: (1a) Um welchen Bestand handelt es sich, der sachlich erschlossen wird? (1b) Wie groß ist dieser Bestand? (1c) Wird dieser Bestand vollständig oder nur in Auswahl (einzelne Fächer, Lehrbücher, Dissertationen o.ä.) sachlich erschlossen? (1d) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (2) Auf welche Art wird der Bestand zur Zeit sachlich erschlossen? (3a) Welche Klassifikation wird angewendet? (3b) Gibt es alphabetisches SyK-Register bzw. einen Zugriff auf die Klassenbeschreibungen? (3c) Gibt es ergänzende Schlüssel für die Aspekte Ort, Zeit, Form? (4) Falls Sie einen SWK führen (a) nach welchem Regelwerk? (b) Gibt es ein genormtes Vokabular oder einen Thesaurus (ggf. nur für bestimmte Fächer)? (5) In welcher Form existieren die Sachkataloge? (6) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. in einem Verbund beteiligt? [Nein: 79%] (7) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 46%] (8) Welche sachlichen Suchmöglichkeiten gibt es für Benutzer? (9) Sind zukünftige Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Ja: 73%]. - B. Öffentliche Bibliotheken: Die Umfrage richtete sich an alle ÖBs der Sektionen I, II und III des DBV. Fragen: (1) Welche Sachkataloge führen Sie? (2) Welche Klassifikationen (Systematiken) liegen dem SyK zugrunde? [ASB: 242; KAB: 333; SfB: 4 (???); SSD: 11; Berliner: 18] (3) Führen Sie ein eigenes Schlagwort-Register zum SyK bzw. zur Klassifikation (Systematik)? (4) Führen Sie den SWK nach ...? [RSWK: 132 (= ca. 60%) anderen Regeln: 93] (5) Seit wann bestehen die jetzigen Sachkataloge? (6) In welcher Form existiern die Sachkataloge? (7) In welchem Umfang wird der Bestand erschlossen? (8) Welche Signaturen verwenden Sie? (9) Ist die Bibliothek an einer kooperativen Sacherschließung, z.B. einem Verbund, beteiligt? [Nein: 96%] (10) Nutzen Sie Fremdleistungen bei der Sacherschließung? [Ja: 70%] (11) Woher beziehen Sie diese Fremdleistungen? (12) Verfügen Sie über ein Online-Katalogsystem mit OPAC? [Ja: 78; Nein: 614] (13) Sind zukünftig Veränderungen bei der Sacherschließung geplant? [Nein: 458; Ja: 237]; RESÜMEE für ÖB: "(i) Einführung von EDV-Katalogen bleibt auch in den 90er Jahren ein Thema, (ii) Der Aufbau von SWK wird in vielen Bibliotheken in Angriff genommen, dabei spielt die Fremddatenübernahme eine entscheidende Rolle, (iii) RSWK werden zunehmend angewandt, Nutzung der SWD auch für andere Regeln wirkt normierend, (iv) Große Bewegung auf dem 'Systematik-Markt' ist in absehbarer Zeit nicht zu erwarten, (v) Für kleinere Bibliotheken wird der Zettelkatalog auf absehbare Zeit noch die herrschende Katalogform sein, (vi) Der erhebliche Nachholbedarf in den neuen Bundesländern wird nur in einem größeren Zeitraum zu leisten sein. ??? SPEZIALBIBIOTHEKEN ???
  9. Dahlberg, I.: International Society for Knowledge Organization (ISKO) (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The aims, tasks, activities, and achievements of the International Society for Knowledge Organization (1989-) are presented. ISKO is that group of scholars and practitioners who feel responsible for questions pertaining to the conceptual organization and processing of knowledge, the scientific bases of which lie in knowledge drawn from the fields of logic, organization science, psychology, science theory, informatics, semiotics, linguistics, and philosophy. It aims at giving advice in the construction, perfection, and application of such organizational tools as classification systems, taxonomies, thesauri, terminologies, as well as their use for indexing purposes and thereby for the retrieval of information. Events leading up to the founding of ISKO in 1989 are described. The aims and objectives of ISKO according to its statutes are mentioned, as well as its organization, its biennial international conferences with their proceedings volumes, and the establishment of a further conference series and a textbook series. The drive and success of coordinators in establishing chapters in many countries is reviewed as well. The activities of the chapters (mainly by their own meetings and conferences) and subsequently their publications during the past years are also included. The idea and structure of ISKO's official journal-Knowledge Organization-is explained, and ISKO's Web site is given. Finally, the need for the Society is discussed, and its possible future is considered.
    Source
    Encyclopedia of library and information sciences. 3rd ed. Ed. M.J. Bates
  10. Buckland, M.: Emanuel Goldberg, electronic document retrieval, and Vannevar Bush's Memex (1992) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Vannevar Bush's famous article, 'As we may think' (Atlantic monthly 176(1945) S.101-108) described an imaginary information retrieval machine, the Memex. The Memex is usually viewed, unhistorically, in relation to subsequent developments using digital computers. This study reconstructs the little-known background of information retrieval in and before 1939 when 'As we may think' was originally written. The Memex was based on Bush's work during 1938-40 in developing an improved photoelectric microfilm selector, an electronic retrieval technology pioneered by Emanuel Goldberg of Zeiss, Ikon Dresden, in the 1920s. Visionary statements by Paul Otlet (1934) and Walter Schürmeyer (1935) and the development of electronic document retrieval technology before Bush are examined
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 43(1992) no.4, S.284-294
  11. Riplinger, T.: ¬Die Bedeutung der Methode Eppelsheimer für Theorie und Praxis der bibliothekarischen und der dokumentarischen Sacherschließung (2004) 0.01 
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    Date
    22. 3.2008 13:33:51
    Source
    Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 28(2004) H.2, S.252-262
  12. Engerer, V.: Exploring interdisciplinary relationships between linguistics and information retrieval from the 1960s to today (2017) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article explores how linguistics has influenced information retrieval (IR) and attempts to explain the impact of linguistics through an analysis of internal developments in information science generally, and IR in particular. It notes that information science/IR has been evolving from a case science into a fully fledged, "disciplined"/disciplinary science. The article establishes correspondences between linguistics and information science/IR using the three established IR paradigms-physical, cognitive, and computational-as a frame of reference. The current relationship between information science/IR and linguistics is elucidated through discussion of some recent information science publications dealing with linguistic topics and a novel technique, "keyword collocation analysis," is introduced. Insights from interdisciplinarity research and case theory are also discussed. It is demonstrated that the three stages of interdisciplinarity, namely multidisciplinarity, interdisciplinarity (in the narrow sense), and transdisciplinarity, can be linked to different phases of the information science/IR-linguistics relationship and connected to different ways of using linguistic theory in information science and IR.
    Source
    Journal of the Association for Information Science and Technology. 68(2017) no.3, S.660-680
  13. Alker, H.: Geschichte der Sachkatalogisierung an der UB Wien (1954) 0.01 
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    Source
    Bibliothek, Bibliothekar, Bibliothekswissenschaft. Fstschrift Joris Vorstius
  14. Smith, S.E.: On the shoulders of giants : from Boole to Shannon to Taube: the origins and development of computerized information from the mid-19th century to the present (1993) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This article desribes the evolvement of computerized information storage and retrieval, from its beginnings in the theoretical works on logic by George Boole in the mid-nineteenth century, to the application of Boole's logic to switching circuits by Claude Shannon in the late 1930s, and the development of coordinate indexing by Mortimer Taube in the late 1940s and early 1950s. Thus, electronic storage and retrieval of information, as we know it today, was the result of two major achievements: the advancement of computer technology initiated to a large extend by the work of Shannon, and the development of coordinate indexing and retrieval by the work of Taube. Both these achievements are based on and are the application of the theoretical works of George Boole
    Source
    Information technology and libraries. 12(1993) no.2, S.217-226
  15. Van Acker, W.: Rethinking the architecture of the book : unbinding the spine of Paul Otlet's positivist encyclopaedism (2018) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Paul Otlet's exploration of the idea to record information in separate chunks or units according to the "monographic principle" has provoked considerable interest in information history for the way in which it resonates with the present tendency to conceive of information as detachable and manipulable units, whose retrieveability has become more important than the information itself. This paper aims to dissect within Otlet's historical and intellectual context the make-up of the positivist epistemology underpinning his concept of the "Universal Book." The "Universal Book" was of central importance in his theory of documentation as it proposed how documentalists- the new experts trained in documentary procedures-were to operate. These professionals were asked to gather facts or objective knowledge by removing the unwanted "dross" of subjectivity, and to synthesize those facts in an encyclopaedic form in order to make them ready for public use. Through an inquiry into the wide-ranging epistemological views prevalent in the French intellectual milieu in the belle époque-notably monism, energeticism, materialism, idealism an d spiritualism-this paper questions the positivist label that has been attributed to his concept of documentation.
  16. Mogk, H.: System und Schlagwort : Erfahrungen am Fachkatalog der Universitätsbibliothek Leipzig (1954) 0.01 
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    Source
    Bibliothek, Bibliothekar, Bibliothekswissenschaft. Festschrift Joris Vorstius zum 60. Geburtstag dargebracht
  17. Klotz, D.: ¬Die Entwicklung der Sacherschließung in deutschen Öffentlichen Bibliotheken (1900 - 1945) (1977) 0.01 
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    Source
    Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 1(1977), S.71-93
  18. Gebhardt, W.: Zur Geschichte der Sachkatalogisierung an der Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen 1817 bis 1961 (1982) 0.01 
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    Source
    Bibliothek: Forschung und Praxis. 6(1982) H.6, S.74-88
  19. Rayward, W.B.: Some schemes for restructuring and mobilising information in documents : a historical perspective (1994) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Mobilising the information stored in documents to advance learning and social well-being provides information science with a fundamental social objective. It also presents it with a characteristic set of technical and professional problems. Until recently, information storage and retrieval systems, of which the library is one of the oldest and most important examples, have not provided a direct solutuion to the problem of providing access to needed information. Instead they have attempted to identify and provide physical access to written or printed documents that might contain information that is needed or might be useful. Perhaps creating systems to substitute what documents may be about for what documents contain is a process of realistic simplfication in the face of overwhleming technical and 'epistemological' problems. But it is speculative approaches to overcoming these problems that are the subject of this paper
    Source
    Information processing and management. 30(1994) no.2, S.163-175
  20. Kilgour, F.G.: Origins of coordinate searching (1997) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Provides a history of the development of coordinate indexing and searching. In the 1930s scientists began to use edge notched punched cards for searching. The Batten system was invented in 1944. Following the World War 2 these systems underwent major enhancements: Calvin Mooers built up the punched card system with his Zatocoding, and Mortimer Taube enlarged the peek-a-boo system with his Uniterm development. 2 computerizations' of Taube's Uniterm system led to the present day world of information retrieval
    Footnote
    Contribution to part 1 of a 2 part series on the history of documentation and information science
    Source
    Journal of the American Society for Information Science. 48(1997) no.4, S.340-348

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