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  • × type_ss:"el"
  • × year_i:[2020 TO 2030}
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  1. Neudecker, C.: Zur Kuratierung digitalisierter Dokumente mit Künstlicher Intelligenz : das Qurator-Projekt (2020) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Die Digitalisierung des kulturellen Erbes in Bibliotheken, Archiven und Museen hat in den letzten Jahrzehnten eine rasant zunehmende Verfügbarkeit kultureller Inhalte im Web bewirkt - so hat die Staatsbibliothek zu Berlin - Preußischer Kulturbesitz (SBB-PK) rund 170.000 Werke (Bücher, Zeitschriften, Zeitungen, Karten, Notenschriften etc.) aus ihrem reichhaltigen Bestand digitalisiert und über ein eigenes Online-Portal bereitgestellt (Stand Mai 2020). Noch deutlicher wird die immense Menge der durch die Digitalisierung entstandenen digitalen Kulturobjekte beim Blick auf die von Aggregatoren gebildeten Sammlungen - so beinhaltet die Deutsche Digitale Bibliothek etwa 33 Millionen Nachweise für Digitalisate aus Kultureinrichtungen (Stand Mai 2020), die europäische digitale Bibliothek Europeana weist knapp 60 Millionen digitalisierte Kulturobjekte nach (Stand Mai 2020).
    Theme
    Elektronische Dokumente
  2. Singh, A.; Sinha, U.; Sharma, D.k.: Semantic Web and data visualization (2020) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    With the terrific growth of data volume and data being produced every second on millions of devices across the globe, there is a desperate need to manage the unstructured data available on web pages efficiently. Semantic Web or also known as Web of Trust structures the scattered data on the Internet according to the needs of the user. It is an extension of the World Wide Web (WWW) which focuses on manipulating web data on behalf of Humans. Due to the ability of the Semantic Web to integrate data from disparate sources and hence makes it more user-friendly, it is an emerging trend. Tim Berners-Lee first introduced the term Semantic Web and since then it has come a long way to become a more intelligent and intuitive web. Data Visualization plays an essential role in explaining complex concepts in a universal manner through pictorial representation, and the Semantic Web helps in broadening the potential of Data Visualization and thus making it an appropriate combination. The objective of this chapter is to provide fundamental insights concerning the semantic web technologies and in addition to that it also elucidates the issues as well as the solutions regarding the semantic web. The purpose of this chapter is to highlight the semantic web architecture in detail while also comparing it with the traditional search system. It classifies the semantic web architecture into three major pillars i.e. RDF, Ontology, and XML. Moreover, it describes different semantic web tools used in the framework and technology. It attempts to illustrate different approaches of the semantic web search engines. Besides stating numerous challenges faced by the semantic web it also illustrates the solutions.
    Theme
    Semantic Web
  3. Strecker, D.: Dataset Retrieval : Informationsverhalten von Datensuchenden und das Ökosystem von Data-Retrieval-Systemen (2022) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Verschiedene Stakeholder fordern eine bessere Verfügbarkeit von Forschungsdaten. Der Erfolg dieser Initiativen hängt wesentlich von einer guten Auffindbarkeit der publizierten Datensätze ab, weshalb Dataset Retrieval an Bedeutung gewinnt. Dataset Retrieval ist eine Sonderform von Information Retrieval, die sich mit dem Auffinden von Datensätzen befasst. Dieser Beitrag fasst aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse über das Informationsverhalten von Datensuchenden zusammen. Anschließend werden beispielhaft zwei Suchdienste verschiedener Ausrichtung vorgestellt und verglichen. Um darzulegen, wie diese Dienste ineinandergreifen, werden inhaltliche Überschneidungen von Datenbeständen genutzt, um den Metadatenaustausch zu analysieren.
  4. Aizawa, A.; Kohlhase, M.: Mathematical information retrieval (2021) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    We present an overview of the NTCIR Math Tasks organized during NTCIR-10, 11, and 12. These tasks are primarily dedicated to techniques for searching mathematical content with formula expressions. In this chapter, we first summarize the task design and introduce test collections generated in the tasks. We also describe the features and main challenges of mathematical information retrieval systems and discuss future perspectives in the field.
    Series
    ¬The Information retrieval series, vol 43
    Source
    Evaluating information retrieval and access tasks. Eds.: Sakai, T., Oard, D., Kando, N. [https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-5554-1_12]
  5. Qi, Q.; Hessen, D.J.; Heijden, P.G.M. van der: Improving information retrieval through correspondenceanalysis instead of latent semantic analysis (2023) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    The initial dimensions extracted by latent semantic analysis (LSA) of a document-term matrixhave been shown to mainly display marginal effects, which are irrelevant for informationretrieval. To improve the performance of LSA, usually the elements of the raw document-term matrix are weighted and the weighting exponent of singular values can be adjusted.An alternative information retrieval technique that ignores the marginal effects is correspon-dence analysis (CA). In this paper, the information retrieval performance of LSA and CA isempirically compared. Moreover, it is explored whether the two weightings also improve theperformance of CA. The results for four empirical datasets show that CA always performsbetter than LSA. Weighting the elements of the raw data matrix can improve CA; however,it is data dependent and the improvement is small. Adjusting the singular value weightingexponent often improves the performance of CA; however, the extent of the improvementdepends on the dataset and the number of dimensions. (PDF) Improving information retrieval through correspondence analysis instead of latent semantic analysis.
    Source
    Journal of intelligent information systems [https://doi.org/10.1007/s10844-023-00815-y]
  6. Graf, K.: DNB, die "schlechteste Nationalbibliothek der Galaxis" (Graf), laesst einmal mehr URN-Links ins Leere laufen (2023) 0.01 
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    Theme
    Elektronische Dokumente
  7. Tay, A.: ¬The next generation discovery citation indexes : a review of the landscape in 2020 (2020) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Conclusion There is a reason why Google Scholar and Web of Science/Scopus are kings of the hills in their various arenas. They have strong brand recogniton, a head start in development and a mass of eyeballs and users that leads to an almost virtious cycle of improvement. Competing against such well established competitors is not easy even when one has deep pockets (Microsoft) or a killer idea (scite). It will be interesting to see how the landscape will look like in 2030. Stay tuned for part II where I review each particular index.
    Date
    17.11.2020 12:22:59
    Object
    Web of Science
  8. Baines, D.; Elliott, R.J.: Defining misinformation, disinformation and malinformation : an urgent need for clarity during the COVID-19 infodemic (2020) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    COVID-19 is an unprecedented global health crisis that will have immeasurable consequences for our economic and social well-being. Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, the director general of the World Health Organization, stated "We're not just fighting an epidemic; we're fighting an infodemic". Currently, there is no robust scientific basis to the existing definitions of false information used in the fight against the COVID-19infodemic. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the use of a novel taxonomy and related model (based upon a conceptual framework that synthesizes insights from information science, philosophy, media studies and politics) can produce new scientific definitions of mis-, dis- and malinformation. We undertake our analysis from the viewpoint of information systems research. The conceptual approach to defining mis-,dis- and malinformation can be applied to a wide range of empirical examples and, if applied properly, may prove useful in fighting the COVID-19 infodemic. In sum, our research suggests that: (i) analyzing all types of information is important in the battle against the COVID-19 infodemic; (ii) a scientific approach is required so that different methods are not used by different studies; (iii) "misinformation", as an umbrella term, can be confusing and should be dropped from use; (iv) clear, scientific definitions of information types will be needed going forward; (v) malinformation is an overlooked phenomenon involving reconfigurations of the truth.
  9. DeSilva, J.M.; Traniello, J.F.A.; Claxton, A.G.; Fannin, L.D.: When and why did human brains decrease in size? : a new change-point analysis and insights from brain evolution in ants (2021) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Human brain size nearly quadrupled in the six million years since Homo last shared a common ancestor with chimpanzees, but human brains are thought to have decreased in volume since the end of the last Ice Age. The timing and reason for this decrease is enigmatic. Here we use change-point analysis to estimate the timing of changes in the rate of hominin brain evolution. We find that hominin brains experienced positive rate changes at 2.1 and 1.5 million years ago, coincident with the early evolution of Homo and technological innovations evident in the archeological record. But we also find that human brain size reduction was surprisingly recent, occurring in the last 3,000 years. Our dating does not support hypotheses concerning brain size reduction as a by-product of body size reduction, a result of a shift to an agricultural diet, or a consequence of self-domestication. We suggest our analysis supports the hypothesis that the recent decrease in brain size may instead result from the externalization of knowledge and advantages of group-level decision-making due in part to the advent of social systems of distributed cognition and the storage and sharing of information. Humans live in social groups in which multiple brains contribute to the emergence of collective intelligence. Although difficult to study in the deep history of Homo, the impacts of group size, social organization, collective intelligence and other potential selective forces on brain evolution can be elucidated using ants as models. The remarkable ecological diversity of ants and their species richness encompasses forms convergent in aspects of human sociality, including large group size, agrarian life histories, division of labor, and collective cognition. Ants provide a wide range of social systems to generate and test hypotheses concerning brain size enlargement or reduction and aid in interpreting patterns of brain evolution identified in humans. Although humans and ants represent very different routes in social and cognitive evolution, the insights ants offer can broadly inform us of the selective forces that influence brain size.
    Source
    Frontiers in ecology and evolution, 22 October 2021 [https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fevo.2021.742639/full]
  10. Gladun, A.; Rogushina, J.: Development of domain thesaurus as a set of ontology concepts with use of semantic similarity and elements of combinatorial optimization (2021) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    We consider use of ontological background knowledge in intelligent information systems and analyze directions of their reduction in compliance with specifics of particular user task. Such reduction is aimed at simplification of knowledge processing without loss of significant information. We propose methods of generation of task thesauri based on domain ontology that contain such subset of ontological concepts and relations that can be used in task solving. Combinatorial optimization is used for minimization of task thesaurus. In this approach, semantic similarity estimates are used for determination of concept significance for user task. Some practical examples of optimized thesauri application for semantic retrieval and competence analysis demonstrate efficiency of proposed approach.
  11. Engel, B.; Rötzer, F.: Oberster Datenschützer und 73 Mio. Bürger ausgetrickst (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    "Datenrasterung". "Gläserner Versicherter". Jetzt äußert sich der Bundesdatenschutzbeauftragte zu dem ungeheuerlichen Vorgang. Es ist schlimmer, als bisher angenommen. Und es zeigt, welche Manöver die Bundesregierung unternommen hat, um Datenschutzrechte von 73 Millionen gesetzlich Versicherter auszuhebeln, ohne dass die betroffenen Bürger selbst davon erfahren. Aber das ist, wie sich jetzt herausstellt, noch nicht alles. Am Montag hatte Telepolis aufgedeckt, dass CDU/CSU und SPD mit Hilfe eines von der Öffentlichkeit unbemerkten Änderungsantrags zum EPA-Gesetz (Elektronische Patientenakte) das erst im November im Digitale-Versorgung-Gesetz (DVG) (Wie man Datenschutz als Versorgungsinnovation framet) festgeschriebene Einwilligungserfordernis zur individualisierten Datenauswertung durch die Krankenkassen still und leise wieder beseitigt haben (zur genauen Einordnung des aktuellen Vorgangs: EPA-Datengesetz - Sie haben den Affen übersehen).
  12. Hobert, A.; Jahn, N.; Mayr, P.; Schmidt, B.; Taubert, N.: Open access uptake in Germany 2010-2018 : adoption in a diverse research landscape (2021) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Es handelt sich um eine bibliometrische Untersuchung der Entwicklung der Open-Access-Verfügbarkeit wissenschaftlicher Zeitschriftenartikel in Deutschland, die im Zeitraum 2010-18 erschienen und im Web of Science indexiert sind. Ein besonderes Augenmerk der Analyse lag auf der Frage, ob und inwiefern sich die Open-Access-Profile der Universitäten und außeruniversitären Wissenschaftseinrichtungen in Deutschland voneinander unterscheiden.
    Content
    This study investigates the development of open access (OA) to journal articles from authors affiliated with German universities and non-university research institutions in the period 2010-2018. Beyond determining the overall share of openly available articles, a systematic classification of distinct categories of OA publishing allowed us to identify different patterns of adoption of OA. Taking into account the particularities of the German research landscape, variations in terms of productivity, OA uptake and approaches to OA are examined at the meso-level and possible explanations are discussed. The development of the OA uptake is analysed for the different research sectors in Germany (universities, non-university research institutes of the Helmholtz Association, Fraunhofer Society, Max Planck Society, Leibniz Association, and government research agencies). Combining several data sources (incl. Web of Science, Unpaywall, an authority file of standardised German affiliation information, the ISSN-Gold-OA 3.0 list, and OpenDOAR), the study confirms the growth of the OA share mirroring the international trend reported in related studies. We found that 45% of all considered articles during the observed period were openly available at the time of analysis. Our findings show that subject-specific repositories are the most prevalent type of OA. However, the percentages for publication in fully OA journals and OA via institutional repositories show similarly steep increases. Enabling data-driven decision-making regarding the implementation of OA in Germany at the institutional level, the results of this study furthermore can serve as a baseline to assess the impact recent transformative agreements with major publishers will likely have on scholarly communication.
  13. Frey, J.; Streitmatter, D.; Götz, F.; Hellmann, S.; Arndt, N.: DBpedia Archivo : a Web-Scale interface for ontology archiving under consumer-oriented aspects (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    While thousands of ontologies exist on the web, a unified sys-tem for handling online ontologies - in particular with respect to discov-ery, versioning, access, quality-control, mappings - has not yet surfacedand users of ontologies struggle with many challenges. In this paper, wepresent an online ontology interface and augmented archive called DB-pedia Archivo, that discovers, crawls, versions and archives ontologies onthe DBpedia Databus. Based on this versioned crawl, different features,quality measures and, if possible, fixes are deployed to handle and sta-bilize the changes in the found ontologies at web-scale. A comparison toexisting approaches and ontology repositories is given.
  14. Advanced online media use (2023) 0.00 
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    Content
    "1. Use a range of different media 2. Access paywalled media content 3. Use an advertising and tracking blocker 4. Use alternatives to Google Search 5. Use alternatives to YouTube 6. Use alternatives to Facebook and Twitter 7. Caution with Wikipedia 8. Web browser, email, and internet access 9. Access books and scientific papers 10. Access deleted web content"
  15. Franke, T.; Zoubir, M.: Technology for the people? : humanity as a compass for the digital transformation (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    How do we define what technology is for humans? One perspective suggests that it is a tool enabling the use of valuable resources such as time, food, health and mobility. One could say that in its cultural history, humanity has developed a wide range of artefacts which enable the effective utilisation of these resources for the fulfilment of physiological, but also psychological, needs. This paper explores how this perspective may be used as an orientation for future technological innovation. Hence, the goal is to provide an accessible discussion of such a psychological perspective on technology development that could pave the way towards a truly human-centred digital transformation.
  16. Daquino, M.; Peroni, S.; Shotton, D.; Colavizza, G.; Ghavimi, B.; Lauscher, A.; Mayr, P.; Romanello, M.; Zumstein, P.: ¬The OpenCitations Data Model (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    A variety of schemas and ontologies are currently used for the machine-readable description of bibliographic entities and citations. This diversity, and the reuse of the same ontology terms with different nuances, generates inconsistencies in data. Adoption of a single data model would facilitate data integration tasks regardless of the data supplier or context application. In this paper we present the OpenCitations Data Model (OCDM), a generic data model for describing bibliographic entities and citations, developed using Semantic Web technologies. We also evaluate the effective reusability of OCDM according to ontology evaluation practices, mention existing users of OCDM, and discuss the use and impact of OCDM in the wider open science community.
    Content
    Erschienen in: The Semantic Web - ISWC 2020, 19th International Semantic Web Conference, Athens, Greece, November 2-6, 2020, Proceedings, Part II. Vgl.: DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-62466-8_28.
  17. Ogden, J.; Summers, E.; Walker, S.: Know(ing) Infrastructure : the wayback machine as object and instrument of digital research (2023) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    From documenting human rights abuses to studying online advertising, web archives are increasingly positioned as critical resources for a broad range of scholarly Internet research agendas. In this article, we reflect on the motivations and methodological challenges of investigating the world's largest web archive, the Internet Archive's Wayback Machine (IAWM). Using a mixed methods approach, we report on a pilot project centred around documenting the inner workings of 'Save Page Now' (SPN) - an Internet Archive tool that allows users to initiate the creation and storage of 'snapshots' of web resources. By improving our understanding of SPN and its role in shaping the IAWM, this work examines how the public tool is being used to 'save the Web' and highlights the challenges of operationalising a study of the dynamic sociotechnical processes supporting this knowledge infrastructure. Inspired by existing Science and Technology Studies (STS) approaches, the paper charts our development of methodological interventions to support an interdisciplinary investigation of SPN, including: ethnographic methods, 'experimental blackbox tactics', data tracing, modelling and documentary research. We discuss the opportunities and limitations of our methodology when interfacing with issues associated with temporality, scale and visibility, as well as critically engage with our own positionality in the research process (in terms of expertise and access). We conclude with reflections on the implications of digital STS approaches for 'knowing infrastructure', where the use of these infrastructures is unavoidably intertwined with our ability to study the situated and material arrangements of their creation.
  18. Jörs, B.: ¬Ein kleines Fach zwischen "Daten" und "Wissen" II : Anmerkungen zum (virtuellen) "16th International Symposium of Information Science" (ISI 2021", Regensburg) (2021) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Nur noch Informationsethik, Informationskompetenz und Information Assessment? Doch gerade die Abschottung von anderen Disziplinen verstärkt die Isolation des "kleinen Faches" Informationswissenschaft in der Scientific Community. So bleiben ihr als letzte "eigenständige" Forschungsrandgebiete nur die, die Wolf Rauch als Keynote Speaker bereits in seinem einführenden, historisch-genetischen Vortrag zur Lage der Informationswissenschaft auf der ISI 2021 benannt hat: "Wenn die universitäre Informationswissenschaft (zumindest in Europa) wohl kaum eine Chance hat, im Bereich der Entwicklung von Systemen und Anwendungen wieder an die Spitze der Entwicklung vorzustoßen, bleiben ihr doch Gebiete, in denen ihr Beitrag in der kommenden Entwicklungsphase dringend erforderlich sein wird: Informationsethik, Informationskompetenz, Information Assessment" (Wolf Rauch: Was aus der Informationswissenschaft geworden ist; in: Thomas Schmidt; Christian Wolff (Eds): Information between Data and Knowledge. Schriften zur Informationswissenschaft 74, Regensburg, 2021, Seiten 20-22 - siehe auch die Rezeption des Beitrages von Rauch durch Johannes Elia Panskus, Was aus der Informationswissenschaft geworden ist. Sie ist in der Realität angekommen, in: Open Password, 17. März 2021). Das ist alles? Ernüchternd.
  19. Bredemeier, W.: Podiumsdiskussion "Zukunft wissenschaftlicher Bibliotheken?!" : Mit provokanten Thesen an neues Format angepasst (2020) 0.00 
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    Content
    These 3: Citizen Science: Die breite Öffentlichkeit als wichtige Zielgruppe für Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken? Bibliotheken sollten Bürger befähigen, wissenschaftlichen Prozess zu verstehen Bei Citizen Science sind zwei Aspekte zu unterscheiden: die Bürger an der Forschung zu beteiligen (beispielsweise mit dem Sammeln von Daten), auf dass sie selbst einen Mehrwert für die Entwicklung neuer bibliothekarischer Methoden zu schaffen - die Bürger an die Wissenschaft heranzuführen und Verständnis für diese zu vermitteln. Dabei sollte die Bibliothek als Ansprechpartner für belastbares Wissen, für Evidenzbasierung und gute Empirie fungieren. Sie hat die Fragen zu beantworten: Welches Wissen ist vertrauenswürdig und unter welchen Vorussetzungen kann ich ein bestimmtes Wissen nutzen? Dies ist eine Kernaufgabe nicht jeder einzelnen wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek, aber der wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken insgesamt (Nelle).
    These 4: Wissenschaftliche Bibliotheken und Privatwirtschaft: Notwendig, sinnvoll oder verwerflich? Keiner der Referenten sah die Zusammenarbeit zwischen Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft als verwerflich an, aber in jedem Statement wurden mögliche Gefahren und Problematiken einer solchen Zusammenarbeit betont. Wissenschaft und Gesellschaft sollten sich in einen interaktiven Austausch zum wechselseitigen Vorteil begeben und die Wirtschaft ist ein wesentlicher Teil der Gesellschaft. Allerdings kommt es auf die Setzung geeigneter Rahmenbedingungen an. Die Wissenschaft darf sich nicht in einseitige Abhängigkeiten begeben. Zudem hat die Bibliothek ihr Wissen nach vielen Seiten zur Verfügung zu stellen (Nelle). Anne Christensen, die sich erst vor fünf Monaten aus einer wissenschaftlichen Bibliothek in die Privatwirtschaft begeben hatte, machte bereits die Erfahrung, dass sie nicht mehr uneingeschränkt Teil der Bibliotheksgemeinschaft ist, schon weil sie das Privileg verloren hat, keine Umsätze machen zu müssen. Große private Anbieter wie EBSCO haben wichtigen Projekten einen großen Schub gegeben, weniger wegen ihres Know hows, sondern weil sie anders als die beteiligten wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken über ausreichende Entwicklungsressourcen geboten. Aber die Bibliotheken müssen in jedem Fall ihre Unabhängigkeit bewahren und die Hoheit über die eigenen Daten und Dienste behalten (Christensen).
  20. Franke-Maier, M.; Beck, C.; Kasprzik, A.; Maas, J.F.; Pielmeier, S.; Wiesenmüller, H: ¬Ein Feuerwerk an Algorithmen und der Startschuss zur Bildung eines Kompetenznetzwerks für maschinelle Erschließung : Bericht zur Fachtagung Netzwerk maschinelle Erschließung an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek am 10. und 11. Oktober 2019 (2020) 0.00 
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    Abstract
    Am 10. und 11. Oktober 2019 trafen sich rund 100 Vertreterinnen und Vertreter aus Bibliothek, Wissenschaft und Wirtschaft an der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek (DNB) in Frankfurt am Main zu einer Fachtagung über das derzeitige Trend-Thema "maschinelle Erschließung". Ziel der Veranstaltung war die "Betrachtung unterschiedlicher Anwendungsbereiche maschineller Textanalyse" sowie die Initiation eines Dialogs zu Technologien für die maschinelle Textanalyse, Aufgabenstellungen, Erfahrungen und den Herausforderungen, die maschinelle Verfahren nach sich ziehen. Hintergrund ist der Auftrag des Standardisierungsausschusses an die DNB, regelmäßig einschlägige Tagungen durchzuführen, aus denen "perspektivisch ein Kompetenznetzwerk für die maschinelle Erschließung entsteh[t]".

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