Search (218 results, page 1 of 11)

  • × theme_ss:"Information"
  1. Gödert, W.; Lepsky, K.: Informationelle Kompetenz : ein humanistischer Entwurf (2019) 0.20 
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    Footnote
    Rez. in: Philosophisch-ethische Rezensionen vom 09.11.2019 (Jürgen Czogalla), Unter: https://philosophisch-ethische-rezensionen.de/rezension/Goedert1.html. In: B.I.T. online 23(2020) H.3, S.345-347 (W. Sühl-Strohmenger) [Unter: https%3A%2F%2Fwww.b-i-t-online.de%2Fheft%2F2020-03-rezensionen.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0iY3f_zNcvEjeZ6inHVnOK]. In: Open Password Nr. 805 vom 14.08.2020 (H.-C. Hobohm) [Unter: https://www.password-online.de/?mailpoet_router&endpoint=view_in_browser&action=view&data=WzE0MywiOGI3NjZkZmNkZjQ1IiwwLDAsMTMxLDFd].
  2. Donsbach, W.: Wahrheit in den Medien : über den Sinn eines methodischen Objektivitätsbegriffes (2001) 0.10 
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    Source
    Politische Meinung. 381(2001) Nr.1, S.65-74 [https%3A%2F%2Fwww.dgfe.de%2Ffileadmin%2FOrdnerRedakteure%2FSektionen%2FSek02_AEW%2FKWF%2FPublikationen_Reihe_1989-2003%2FBand_17%2FBd_17_1994_355-406_A.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2KcbRsHy5UQ9QRIUyuOLNi]
  3. Malsburg, C. von der: ¬The correlation theory of brain function (1981) 0.10 
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    http%3A%2F%2Fcogprints.org%2F1380%2F1%2FvdM_correlation.pdf&usg=AOvVaw0g7DvZbQPb2U7dYb49b9v_
  4. Hartel, J.; Savolainen, R.: Pictorial metaphors for information (2016) 0.03 
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    Abstract
    Purpose Arts-informed, visual research was conducted to document the pictorial metaphors that appear among original drawings of information. The purpose of this paper is to report the diversity of these pictorial metaphors, delineate their formal qualities as drawings, and provide a fresh perspective on the concept of information. Design/methodology/approach The project utilized pre-existing iSquare drawings of information that were produced by iSchool graduate students during a draw-and-write activity. From a data set of 417 images, 125 of the strongest pictorial metaphors were identified and subjected to cognitive metaphor theory. Findings Overwhelmingly, the favored source domain for envisioning information was nature. The most common pictorial metaphors were: Earth, web, tree, light bulb, box, cloud, and fishing/mining, and each brings different qualities of information into focus. The drawings were often canonical versions of objects in the world, leading to arrays of pictorial metaphors marked by their similarity. Research limitations/implications Less than 30 percent of the data set qualified as pictorial metaphors, making them a minority strategy for representing information as an image. The process to identify and interpret pictorial metaphors was highly subjective. The arts-informed methodology generated tensions between artistic and social scientific paradigms. Practical implications The pictorial metaphors for information can enhance information science education and fortify professional identity among information professionals. Originality/value This is the first arts-informed, visual study of information that utilizes cognitive metaphor theory to explore the nature of information. It strengthens a sense of history, humanity, nature, and beauty in our understanding of information today, and contributes to metaphor research at large.
  5. Webb, T.J.: Turning information into knowledge (1997) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The 3rd in a series on the use and abuse of information, focusing on the relative quality of nearly all information, and how to deal with the problems generated by volatility of data. Argues that information should be gathered from a wide range of cultures, and preferably not the same one as the recipients, or the necessary 'relativising background' will not be provided. Looks at some ways to improve the quality and relevance of information routinely provided in business reports, by transforming the data in simple ways
  6. Informationskompetenz - Basiskompetenz in der Informationsgesellschaft : Proceedings des 7. Internationalen Symposiums für Informationswissenschaft (ISI 2000) (2000) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Mit dem Leitthema »lnformationskompetenz - Basiskompetenz in der Informationsgesellschaft« trägt das 7. Internationale Symposium für Informationswissenschaft der aktuellen Situation auf den elektronischen Informationsmärkten Rechnung. Informationskompetenz ist Voraussetzung dafür, wirklichen Nutzen aus den globalen Informationsangeboten zu ziehen. Immer mehr Informationsspezialisten werden gebraucht und gleichzeitig muss Informationskompetenz auch tatsächlich Basiskompetenz in unserer heutigen Informationsgesellschaft werden. Die Herausforderung ist interdisziplinär. Jenseits einer bloß technischen Ausrichtung ist z.B. sozioökonomisches, kognitiv-psychologisches, linguistisches, designerisch-ästhetisches Wissen verlangt, um Information erfolgreich erarbeiten zu können. Die 18 Artikel entsprechen der Bandbreite des Diskussionsstandes der Informationswissenschaft: Das Internet und das WWW sind Ausgangs- und Bezugspunkt vieler Arbeiten zu Informations- und Wissensmanagement, Informationswirtschaft, Verlags- und Bibliothekswesen, Wissensrepräsentation, Information Retrieval, Data/Text Mining sowie Hypertext/Multimedia
    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: Thomas Mandl, Christa Womser-Hacker: Ein adaptives Information-Retrieval-Modell für Digitale Bibliotheken - Ilse Harms, Werner Schweibenz: Usability Engineering Methods for the Web Results From a Usability Study - Christian Wolff: Effektivität von Recherchen im WWW Vergleichende Evaluierung von Such- und Metasuchmaschinen - Rainer Hammwöhner: TransRouter revisited - Decision support in the routing of translation projects - Gerhard Rahmstorf: Wortmodell und Begriffssprache als Basis des semantischen Retrievals - Christian Schögl: Informationskompetenz am Beispiel einer szientometrischen Untersuchung zum Informationsmanagement - Otto Krickl, Elisabeth Milchrahm: Integrativer Ansatz zur Wissensbewertung - Gabriela Mußler, Harald Reiterer, Thomas M. Mann: INSYDER - Information Retrieval Aspects of a Business Intelligence System - C. Goller, J. Löning, T. Will, W. Wolff: Automatic Document Classification A thorough Evaluation of various Methods - Gerhard Heyer, Uwe Quasthoff, Christian Wolff: Aiding Web Searches by Statistical Classification Tools - Matthias N.0. Müller: Die virtuelle Fachbibliothek Sozialwissenschaften - Benno Homann: Das Dynamische Modell der Informationskompetenz (DYMIK) als Grundlage für bibliothekarische Schulungen - Gerhard Reichmann: Leistungsvergleiche zwischen wissenschaftlichen Bibliotheken - Willi Bredemeier, Woffigang G. Stock: Informationskompetenz europäischer Volkswirtschaften - Hermann Rösch: Internetportal, Unternehmensportal, Wissenschaftsportal Typologie und Funktionalität der wichtigsten Portalkonzeptionen - Harc Rittberger, Woffigang Semar: Regionale Elektronische Zeitungen: Qualitätskriterien und Evaluierung - Stephan Werner: Der Autor im digitalen Medium - ein notwendiges Konstrukt? - Dr. Jaroslav Susol: Access to information in electronic age - situation in Slovakia
  7. Dervos, D.A.; Coleman, A.: ¬A common sense approach to defining data, information, and metadata (2006) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    Many competing definitions for the terms data, information, metadata, and knowledge can be traced in the library and information science literature. The lack of a clear consensus in the way reference is made to the corresponding fundamental concepts is intensified if one considers additional disciplinary perspectives, e.g. database technology, data mining, etc. In the present paper, we use a common sense approach, to selectively survey the literature, and define these terms in a way that can advance the interdisciplinary development of information systems.
  8. Rieh, S.Y.: Judgment of information quality and cognitive authority in the Web (2002) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    In the Web, making judgments of information quality and authority is a difficult task for most users because overall, there is no quality control mechanism. This study examines the problem of the judgment of information quality and cognitive authority by observing people's searching behavior in the Web. Its purpose is to understand the various factors that influence people's judgment of quality and authority in the Web, and the effects of those judgments on selection behaviors. Fifteen scholars from diverse disciplines participated, and data were collected combining verbal protocols during the searches, search logs, and postsearch interviews. It was found that the subjects made two distinct kinds of judgment: predictive judgment, and evaluative judgment. The factors influencing each judgment of quality and authority were identified in terms of characteristics of information objects, characteristics of sources, knowledge, situation, ranking in search output, and general assumption. Implications for Web design that will effectively support people's judgments of quality and authority are also discussed
  9. Frické, M.: ¬The knowledge pyramid : a critique of the DIKW hierarchy (2019) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    The paper evaluates the data-information-knowledge-wisdom (DIKW) hierarchy. This hierarchy, also known as the `knowledge hierarchy', is part of the canon of information science and management. Arguments are offered that the hierarchy is unsound and methodologically undesirable. The paper identifies a central logical error that DIKW makes. The paper also identifies the dated and unsatisfactory philosophical positions of operationalism and inductivism as the philosophical backdrop to the hierarchy. The paper concludes with a sketch of some positive theories, of value to information science, on the nature of the components of the hierarchy: that data is anything recordable in a semantically and pragmatically sound way, that information is what is known in other literature as `weak knowledge', that knowledge also is `weak knowledge' and that wisdom is the possession and use, if required, of wide practical knowledge, by an agent who appreciates the fallible nature of that knowledge.
  10. Badia, A.: Data, information, knowledge : an information science analysis (2014) 0.02 
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    Abstract
    I analyze the text of an article that appeared in this journal in 2007 that published the results of a questionnaire in which a number of experts were asked to define the concepts of data, information, and knowledge. I apply standard information retrieval techniques to build a list of the most frequent terms in each set of definitions. I then apply information extraction techniques to analyze how the top terms are used in the definitions. As a result, I draw data-driven conclusions about the aggregate opinion of the experts. I contrast this with the original analysis of the data to provide readers with an alternative viewpoint on what the data tell us.
    Date
    16. 6.2014 19:22:57
  11. Darnton, R.: Im Besitz des Wissens : Von der Gelehrtenrepublik des 18. Jahrhunderts zum digitalen Google-Monopol (2009) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Wie eine gigantische Informationslandschaft tut sich das Internet vor unseren Augen auf. Und seit sich Google im Herbst letzten Jahres mit den Autoren und Verlegern, die die große Suchmaschine wegen Urheberrechtsverletzung verklagt hatten, auf einen Vergleich geeinigt hat, stellt sich die Frage nach der Orientierung im World Wide Web mit neuer Dringlichkeit. Während der letzten vier Jahre hat Google Millionen von Büchern, darunter zahllose urheberrechtlich geschützte Werke, aus den Beständen großer Forschungsbibliotheken digitalisiert und für die Onlinesuche ins Netz gestellt. Autoren und Verleger machten dagegen geltend, dass die Digitalisierung eine Copyrightverletzung darstelle. Nach langwierigen Verhandlungen einigte man sich auf eine Regelung, die gravierende Auswirkungen darauf haben wird, wie Bücher den Weg zu ihren Lesern finden. . . .
  12. (Über-)Leben in der Informationsgesellschaft : Zwischen Informationsüberfluss und Wissensarmut. Festschrift für Prof. Dr. Gernot Wersig zum 60. Geburtstag (2003) 0.01 
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    Content
    Enthält die Beiträge: RAUCH, W.: Neue Informations-Horizonte? VÖLZ, H.: Gedanken zut Verdaulichkeit von Informationen; RATZEK, W.: Suum cuique - Jedem das Seine! Oder: Was wollen wir wissen; VOWE, G.: Das Internet als elektronische Agora? Zum politischen Potential internetbasierter Kommunikation; GRUDOWSKI, S.: Ideen zur Förderung der Fachinformations-Institutionen durch Fachinformationspolitik: Hyperinformationszentren und Informationswissenschaft; ZIMMERMANN, H.H.: Zur Gestaltung eines Internet-Portals als offenes Autor-zentriertes Kommunikationssystem; HENNINGS, R.-D.: Machine Learning, Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery: Von der Generierung zur Entdeckung von Wissen
  13. Houston, R.D.; Harmon, E.G.: Re-envisioning the information concept : systematic definitions (2002) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This paper suggests a framework and systematic definitions for 6 words commonly used in dthe field of information science: data, information, knowledge, wisdom, inspiration, and intelligence. We intend these definitions to lead to a quantification of information science, a quantification that will enable their measurement, manipulastion, and prediction.
    Date
    22. 2.2007 18:56:23
    22. 2.2007 19:22:13
  14. Pirolli, P.: Information foraging theory : adaptive interaction with information (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Although much of the hubris and hyperbole surrounding the 1990's Internet has softened to a reasonable level, the inexorable momentum of information growth continues unabated. This wealth of information provides resources for adapting to the problems posed by our increasingly complex world, but the simple availability of more information does not guarantee its successful transformation into valuable knowledge that shapes, guides, and improves our activity. When faced with something like the analysis of sense-making behavior on the web, traditional research models tell us a lot about learning and performance with browser operations, but very little about how people will actively navigate and search through information structures, what information they will choose to consume, and what conceptual models they will induce about the landscape of cyberspace. Thus, it is fortunate that a new field of research, Adaptive Information Interaction (AII), is becoming possible. AII centers on the problems of understanding and improving human-information interaction. It is about how people will best shape themselves to their information environments, and how information environments can best be shaped to people. Its roots lie in human-computer interaction (HCI), information retrieval, and the behavioral and social sciences. This book is about Information Foraging Theory (IFT), a new theory in Adaptive Information Interaction that is one example of a recent flourish of theories in adaptationist psychology that draw upon evolutionary-ecological theory in biology. IFT assumes that people (indeed, all organisms) are ecologically rational, and that human information-seeking mechanisms and strategies adapt the structure of the information environments in which they operate. Its main aim is to create technology that is better shaped to users. Information Foraging Theory will be of interest to student and professional researchers in HCI and cognitive psychology.
    Content
    Inhalt: 1. Information Foraging Theory: Framework and Method 2. Elementary Foraging Models 3. The Ecology of Information Foraging on the World Wide Web 4. Rational Analyses of Information Scent and Web Foraging 5. A Cognitive Model of Information Foraging on the Web 6. A Rational Analysis and Computational Cognitive Model of the Scatter/Gather Document Cluster Browser 7. Stochastic Models of Information Foraging by Information Scent 8. Social Information Foraging 9. Design Heuristics, Engineering Models, and Applications 10. Future Directions: Upward, Downward, Inward, and Outward
  15. Tastad, S.A.; Collins, N.D.: Teaching the information skills process and the writing process : bridging the gap (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    A constructivist philososphy is necessary if information seeking skills or writing is taught as a process. Students learn in a collaborative environment enabling them to construct meaning from their prior knowledge coupled with the new information they seek. Research conducted in a middle school writing centre supported data collected earlier by Kuhlthau. The information seeking process and the writing process complement one another and can be infused as the web that integrates the entrie curriculum. This experiment in encouraging middle school teachers to use a writing centre demonstrated the difficulty of teaching writing as a process when the curriculum and the teaching approaches do not support constructivism
  16. Boyd, A.: Information disparity : research and measurement challenges in an interconnected world (2004) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    With the proliferation of new information channels such as the Web, e-mail and wireless, it is becoming increasingly important to understand the impact of these technologies within information-seeking and retrieval contexts. This issue of Aslib Proceedings presents research that begins to address the notion of "information disparity". It aims to weave a common thread between the challenges of reconciling disparate information needs in an environment complicated by fragmented or disparate data sources. This article lists several emerging trends that should begin to challenge traditional notions of our research field.
  17. Orso, V.; Ruotsalo, T.; Leino, J.; Gamberini, L.; Jacucci, G.: Overlaying social information : the effects on users' search and information-selection behavior (2017) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Previous research investigated how to leverage the new type of social data available on the web, e.g., tags, ratings and reviews, in recommending and personalizing information. However, previous works mainly focused on predicting ratings using collaborative filtering or quantifying personalized ranking quality in simulations. As a consequence, the effect of social information in user's information search and information-selection behavior remains elusive. The objective of our research is to investigate the effects of social information on users' interactive search and information-selection behavior. We present a computational method and a system implementation combining different graph overlays: social, personal and search-time user input that are visualized for the user to support interactive information search. We report on a controlled laboratory experiment, in which 24 users performed search tasks using three system variants with different graphs as overlays composed from the largest publicly available social content and review data from Yelp: personal preferences, tags combined with personal preferences, and tags and social ratings combined with personal preferences. Data comprising search logs, questionnaires, simulations, and eye-tracking recordings show that: 1) the search effectiveness is improved by using and visualizing the social rating information and the personal preference information as compared to content-based ranking. 2) The need to consult external information before selecting information is reduced by the presentation of the effects of different overlays on the search results. Search effectiveness improvements can be attributed to the use of social rating and personal preference overlays, which was also confirmed in a follow-up simulation study. With the proposed method we demonstrate that social information can be incorporated to the interactive search process by overlaying graphs representing different information sources. We show that the combination of social rating information and personal preference information improves search effectiveness and reduce the need to consult external information. Our method and findings can inform the design of interactive search systems that leverage the information available on the social web.
  18. Infield, N.: Capitalising on knowledge : if knowledge is power, why don't librarians rule the world? (1997) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    While knowledge management is seen to be the biggest thing to hit the information profession since the Internet, the concept is surrounded by confusion. Traces the progress of knowledge on the information continuum which extends from data to informed decision. The reason for which knowledge management has suddenly become inluential is that its principal proponents now are not information professionals but management consultants seeking to retain their intellectual capital. Explains the reasons for this, the practical meaning of knowledge management and what information professionals should be doing to take advantage of the vogue
    Source
    Information world review. 1997, no.130, S.22
  19. Hew, K.F.; Hara, N.: Knowledge sharing in online environments : a qualitative case study (2007) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    This study expands the perspective of knowledge sharing by categorizing the different types of knowledge that individuals shared with one another and examining the patterns of motivators and barriers of knowledge sharing across three online environments pertaining to the following professional practices - advanced nursing practice, Web development, and literacy education. The patterns indicate the different possible combinations of motivators or barriers that may exist in individuals. Data were gathered through online observations and semistructured interviews with 54 participants. The cross-case analysis shows that the most common type of knowledge shared across all three environments was practical knowledge. Overall, seven motivators were found. Analysis also suggests that the most common combination of motivators for knowledge sharing was collectivism and reciprocity. A total of eight barriers were identified. The most common combination of barriers varied in each online environment. Discussions as to how the types of professional practices may contribute to the different results are provided, along with implications and future possible research directions.
  20. Schmidt, A.P.: ¬Der Wissensnavigator : Das Lexikon der Zukunft (1999) 0.01 
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    Abstract
    Der Wissensnavigator ist ein Lexikon der Zukunft auf dem Weg zu einer interaktiven Enzyklopädie. Wenn Sie die elektronische Fassung online benutzen, können Sie von den einzelnen Artikeln über Hyperlinks zu Seiten im World Wide Web gelangen, die noch mehr Informationen zum jeweiligen Zukunftsbegriff enthalten. Bei der elektronischen Ausgabe des Wissensnavigators, die auch im Internet zugänglich ist handelt es sich um eine "lebende" Anwendung, die sich gerade auch durch die Mitwirkung der Nutzer weiterentwickelt. Sie sind herzlich eingeladen, zum Teilnehmer dieses Evolutionsprozesses zu werden - etwa, indem Sie neue Begriffe vorschlagen, die aufgenommen werden sollen, oder Experten benennen, die zur Bearbeitung neuer Begriffe in Frage kommen, oder auch sich selbst als Experte zu erkennen geben. Eine Redaktion, die aus dem Autor und einem Expertenteam im Verlag besteht, wird über die Aufnahme neuer Begriffe entscheiden

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